scholarly journals Influence of the quality of fuel atomization on the emission of exhaust gases toxic components of combustion engines

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Jankowski ◽  
Mirosław Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper contains analysis of the impact on the quality of the fuel spray of droplets on the number and the value of the surface area of the droplets that have a direct impact on the efficiency of the combustion process. It presents a change in the level of toxic exhaust emissions with an increase in the so-called. Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of fuel droplets. The presented figures show that the increase in the average droplet diameter SMD in particular causes an increase of toxic exhaust gases emissions, i.e. mainly nitrogen oxides NO, carbon monoxide CO, hydrocarbons HC and Particulate Matter (PM). This tendency is not constant, because it is changing according to changes of the coefficient of equivalence Φ. For example, emissions of nitrogen oxides for the lean mixtures (Φ <1), with an increase in average droplet diameter increases, while now for the rich mixtures (Φ> 1), this trend is significantly changed, i.e. the level of this emission decreases.

scholarly journals Alternative fuel in the combustion process of combustion engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Jankowski ◽  
Mirosław Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Reciprocating Engines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toxic Components

Abstract The article analyses the impact of emulsified fuel, containing H2O2 hydrogen peroxide, on the emissions of nitrogen oxides and diesel engine smoke. The process of forming toxic components in exhaust gases of reciprocating engines during the engine operation, and the relationship that specifies the hydrogen peroxide decomposition process were presented. The research was carried out with the use of fuel containing 30%, 20% and 10% of hydrogen peroxide. The concentration courses of the nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), as well as the (CO) carbon monoxide concentration and (S) engine smoke courses were shown separately for the external characteristics of the engine. Finally, the importance of knowledge related to the mechanisms of generation of toxic components in exhaust gases in the reciprocating engines was emphasised.

scholarly journals The Influence of Liquid Viscosity on Atomized Fuel Mean Droplet Size Determined by the Laser Diffraction Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Paweł Krause ◽  
Róbert Labuda
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article presents the impact of viscosity of fuel on its atomization, which constitutes an important element of controlling the quality of the fuel-air mixture in compression ignition and direct injection engines. An experiment has been made using a three-hole atomizer of an engine with nominal power of 110 kW and revolutions n = 2800 min−1. Fuel was delivered by a PRW-2M injection pump intended for testing injectors. Fuel was sprayed in the atmospheric air. Three petroleum product liquids used for the experiment had a viscosity of, respectively, 3.93, 16.73 and 36.41 mm2/s. The fuel droplet size in a spray was determined by the laser diffraction method by means of a Spraytec STP 5929 analyzer. The quantity adopted for comparative purposes was the Sauter Mean Diameter D32. The results confirmed that a change of fuel viscosity within the range recommended by ship engine manufacturers has a strong impact on the size of sprayed fuel droplets. Shipowners have a limited choice of low sulphur fuel grade (up to 0.1% S), which forces the engine room personnel to use currently available fuels. Depending on the supplier, marine fuels may vary in viscosity and, according to the recommendations of engine manufacturers, they do not require heating. The increase in the size of the droplets injected into the fuel combustion chamber may affect the quality of the fuel-air mixture, increase of fuel consumption and a greater content of harmful exhaust constituents.

Aspects Regarding the Influence of Lambda Control System Faults on Pollutant Emissions of Spark Ignition Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Lespezeanu ◽  
Florin Marius Militaru ◽  
Octavian Alexa ◽  
Constantin Ovidiu Ilie ◽  
Marin Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Experimental Researches

Flow corrections established based on Lambda control system of spark ignition engines, determines in a decisively way the quality of air-fuel mixture. Faults in the operation of the control system generates deviations of the mixture composition from stoichiometric report, in this way affecting the entire combustion process in engine cylinders. This phenomenon leads, among others, to changes regarding the density of pollutant emissions from exhaust gases. In this context, this paper presents experimental researches made using the simulation of faults that may occur in the control system to highlight their influence on the concentration of engine emissions.

scholarly journals On the issue of reducing the negative impact of nitrogen oxides in the system recirculation of diesel exhaust gases on applying the vortex effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Irina Belinskaia ◽  
Rahim Zainetdinov ◽  
Konstantin Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vortex Effect

The problem of negative impact on the environment of motor transport is one of the most fundamental in the complex of global problems. The constant increase in the number of cars with internal combustion engines encourages the search for methods and ways to reduce the volume of negative impulses. The operation of heat engines is accompanied by significant emissions of gaseous harmful substances into the atmosphere, i.e. nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, as well as solid particles, including soot. The solution to this problem should be implemented within the framework of a systematic approach. To do this, it is necessary to combine the study of technical, economic, and organizational approaches to the organization of the exhaust gas disposal process. To date, there is a significant methodological base in the field of organizational and economic decisions. The article discusses various methods of cleaning exhaust gases of piston engines, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The method of processing using ammonia is widely known. It is noted that a catalytic method for reducing nitrogen oxides using ammonia is quite economical. However, the optimal temperature range at which nitrogen oxides are reduced is rather narrow. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the vortex effect in the exhaust system. The efficiency of using a vortex gas recirculation pipe is due to its significant influence on the thermal gasdynamic processes occurring in the exhaust system. Using the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics allows us to take into account dissipative processes when establishing the relationship of fuel and economic indicators of internal combustion engines with thermodynamic parameters. This significantly increases the accuracy of calculations and allows you to develop measures to reduce the level of negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals A study of hydrogen fuel impact on compression ignition engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeni Dimitrov ◽  
Boyko Gigov ◽  
Spas Pantchev ◽  
Philip Michaylov ◽  
Mihail Peychev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a dual-fuel compression ignition engine test bench is presented. In hydrogen-diesel fuel co-combustion conditions, the engine parameters are determined – performance: effective torque, effective power and mean effective pressure; fuel economy: fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption; toxicity: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and smoke emissions (opacity). The impact of hydrogen-diesel fuel mass ratio on the performance, toxicity and economy of the engine is studied by obtaining a series of hydrogen-diesel fuel ratio variation characteristics at constant engine speed and load. Improvement of the economical parameters of the engine and reduction of carbon dioxide concentration in exhaust gases is detected under operation with hydrogen gas fuel. Significant reduction of the exhaust gases opacity is observed. It is not clear what the impact of the quantity of hydrogen, injected in the engine, on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases is.

scholarly journals Study on Double-Layer Ignition Sintering Process Based on Autocatalytic Denitrification of Sintering Layer

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Benjing Shi ◽  
Junying Wan ◽  
Tiejun Chen ◽  
Xianlin Zhou ◽  
Yanhong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
The Impact

An efficient sintering process was proposed based on the autocatalytic denitrification of the sintered ore. The catalytic denitrification of sintered ore, the effect of double-layer ignition sintering process on the emission reduction in nitrogen oxides, and the impact on the quality of sintered ore were studied. The results showed that the catalyzed reduction of NO with sinter ore as a catalyst has a significant effect; when the airspeed reaches 3000 h−1, the temperature is 500 °C, and the conversion rate of NO can reach 99.58%. The sinter yield of double-layer ignition sintering is increased, solid fuel consumption is slightly reduced, falling strength is slightly increased, and drum strength is slightly decreased. Under the conditions of layer height proportion of 320/400 mm (lower/upper) and ignition time interval of 10 min, the yield, drum strength, shatter strength, and solid fuel consumption reached 61.60%, 54.82%, 46.75%, and 69.55%, respectively. NOx concentration under the 16% baseline oxygen content (c(NOx)’) in the flue gas of double-layer ignition sintering is reduced to a certain extent, and the generation time of NOx is greatly shortened. The double-layer ignition sintering process can reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides in the sintering process under the condition of guaranteeing the quality of sinter, which has great economic and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Residual fuel atomization process simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Oleh KLYUS ◽  
Nadezhda ZAMIATINA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

The process of atomization of fuel in engines with compression ignition is determining in organization of the combustion process, the result of which are the economic and environmental performance of the engine. One of the main parameters of the spray jet fuel is the mean droplet diameter. The article presents the results of analytical and experimental studies by the definition of mean diameter of Sauter droplet of atomized residual fuel IFO380.

Tailored Fuel Treatment Enables Optimizing the Operation of Heavy-Fueled Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Vierling ◽  
Michel Moliere ◽  
Maher Aboujaib ◽  
Dmitry Sokolov ◽  
Sven Catrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
Collaborative Test ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improvement Effort

Abstract The combustion of heavy fuel oil (HFO) in gas turbines (GT) generates some operational constraints and expenses which are too often accepted fatalistically. A first development has addressed the technical challenge caused by the deposition of ash on the hot parts of the turbines. Indeed, the combustion of HFO significantly increases the volume of ash as one must treat the fuel with a “vanadium inhibitor” that acts as an ash modifier preventing hot corrosion by vanadium. This fouling effect is the most serious drawback of HFO operation as it progressively shrinks the performances and reduces the availability of the machines. To tackle this issue, a genuine bimetallic vanadium inhibitor has been developed and field tested step by step between 2015 and 2018. The last step that took place at Yugadanavi in March-April 2018 has allowed validating a ready-to-use version of this bimetallic inhibitor product. Upon the completion of this program, the rate of power degradation during HFO operation has been halved and the GT availability significantly increased while the emission of particulates has been substantially reduced. As a further improvement effort, the teams have tested in the field the effect of changing the temperature of the HFO on its viscosity and monitored the impact induced on the quality of fuel atomization that underlies namely the level of particulate emissions. This second program devoted to the optimization of HFO heating, has enabled defining a rational minimum temperature of the fuel which establishes a fair compromise between atomization effectiveness and thermal energy consumption. This paper summarizes the main outcome of this multi-year collaborative test program.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Oxides Levels in the Atmosphere of Different Brazilian Urban Centers, by Passive Sampling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele da Rocha ◽  
Juliana Barbosa ◽  
Vânia Campos ◽  
Raiane Alves
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Photochemical Aging ◽  
The Impact

Urban air pollution is still an emerging environmental problem, it causes damage to health and is difficult to be controlled in urban centers. The population of large metropolises is often exposed to concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx), mainly due to vehicle emissions. Epidemiological studies claim that exposure to these oxides is strongly correlated with the incidence of different types of cancer. This work evaluated the impact of NOx emissions on the air quality of five Brazilian urban centers, using passive sampling. The NO/NO2 ratio indicated photochemical aging in the atmosphere of all the cities studied. Although there has been a predominant trend towards decreasing of nitrogen oxides concentrations in many locations, average annual values > 40 μg m-3 NO2 have been found, in Brazil as well as other parts of the world, what indicates the need to control air pollution in these areas.

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