Nocturnal levels of chemerin and progranulin in adolescents: influence of sex, body mass index, glucose metabolism and sleep

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Daxer ◽  
Theresa Herttrich ◽  
Ying Y. Zhao ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Andreas Hiemisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Child Study

AbstractBackground:Adipokines have been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance and sleep regulation. However, the role of chemerin and progranulin, two recently described adipokines, in the context of sleep remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare nocturnal serum chemerin and progranulin levels between overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents and to assess variations by sex, across different sleep stages and in relation to glucose metabolism.Methods:The study sample included 34 overweight/obese and 32 normal-weight adolescents from secondary schools and the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Child study cohort. We obtained longitudinal serum adipokine levels during in-laboratory polysomnography followed by an oral glucose tolerance test.Results:Overweight/obese adolescents had significantly higher mean nocturnal serum chemerin area under the curve (AUC) levels (348.2±133.3 vs. 241.7±67.7 vs. ng/mL×h, p<0.001) compared to normal-weight controls. In detail, higher chemerin AUC levels in obese/overweight subjects were exclusively due to increased levels in females. No overall difference for serum progranulin AUC was found between the groups. However, when assessing sex-specific levels, serum progranulin AUC levels were ~30% higher in overweight/obese males compared to overweight/obese females. Of note, nocturnal serum chemerin and progranulin AUC did not exhibit a correlation with markers of glucose metabolism or sleep stages.Conclusions:Collectively, we report a sexual dimorphism in nocturnal progranulin and chemerin levels, which may help explain underlying differences in energy balance and body composition between males and females in the context of obesity.

scholarly journals TNF signaling impacts glucagon-like peptide-1 expression and secretion

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufang Chen ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Minjie Chen ◽  
Xiaobo Qin ◽  
Lianglin Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Deficient Mice

Numerous studies have implicated tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, the role of its primary receptor, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), in homeostatic regulation of glucose metabolism is still controversial. In addition to TNFα, lymphotoxin α (LTα) binds to and activates TNFR1. Thus, TNFα and LTα together are known as TNF. To delineate the role of TNF signaling in glucose homeostasis, the present study ascertained how TNF signaling deficiency affects major regulatory components of glucose homeostasis. To this end, normal diet-fed male TNFR1-deficient mice (TNFR1−/−), TNFα/LTα/LTβ triple-deficient mice (TNF/LT∆3) and their littermate controls were subjected to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test. The present results showed that TNFR1−/− and TNF/LT∆3 mice vs their controls had comparable body weight, tolerance to intraperitoneal glucose and sensitivity to insulin. However, their tolerance to oral glucose was significantly increased. Additionally, glucose-induced insulin secretion assessments revealed that TNFR1 or TNF/LT deficiency significantly increased oral but not intraperitoneal glucose-induced insulin secretion. Consistently, qPCR and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that TNFR1−/− and TNF/LT∆3 mice vs their controls had significantly increased ileal expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), one of the primary incretins. Their oral glucose-induced secretion of GLP-1 was also significantly increased. These data collectively suggest that physiological TNF signaling regulates glucose metabolism primarily through effects on GLP-1 expression and secretion and subsequently insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Glucoregulation in normal weight schizophrenia patients treated by first generation antipsychotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Maric ◽  
Mirjana Doknic ◽  
Aleksandar Damjanovic ◽  
Sandra Pekic ◽  
Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Insulin Levels

Introduction Schizophrenia patients are at greater risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. The metabolic complications in patients are associated with several risk factors: family history of DM, lifestyle, smoking, dietary habits, physical inactivity, but also with antipsychotic medication. In literature, most publications have been focused on the effects of the second generation antipsychotics (SGA) on glucose metabolism. However, less attention has been paid to abnormality in glucoregulation, patients with schizophrenia treated with the first generation antipsychotics (FGA). Objective The present study evaluated glucose metabolism in normal weight schizophrenia patients treated with FGA. METHOD The cross-sectional study included 18 patients (FGA treated) and 20 healthy controls with neither group differences in sex distribution, age, nor in BMI. Inclusion criteria were normal BMI (20-25 kg/m2). The glucose levels, insulin levels and growth hormone levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. Results Fasting glucose and insulin levels did not differ significantly between groups. Groups differed in OGTT glucose and insulin peak and area under curve (AUC), level of significance p<0.05 (patients vs. controls: glucose peak 8.3?0.4 vs.6.9?0.5 mmol/l, glucose AUC 758?28 vs. 640?36 mU/l/120 min; insulin peak in patients 92.7?15.6 mU/l; insulin AUC 6060?1016 mU/l/120 min, insulin peak in controls 47.9?6.5 mU/l; insulin AUC 2597?256 mU/l/120 min). Conclusion Patients with schizophrenia, although with normal body mass index, are at high risk of abnormal glucose regulation. Not only SGA increase the risk of impaired glucoregulation and metabolic syndrome, but this may also be due to FGA or schizophrenia per se. .

scholarly journals Sagittal Abdominal Diameter, Waist Circumference, and BMI as Predictors of Multiple Measures of Glucose Metabolism: An NHANES Investigation of US Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby A. Firouzi ◽  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter

The objective was to compare associations between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist circumference, and BMI to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), along with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, in a nationally representative sample of 3582 US adults. The study also analyzed the effect of multiple covariates on the anthropometric and glucose metabolism associations. A cross-sectional design was used. SAD was assessed using an abdominal caliper. All other data were collected following strict NHANES protocols. The OGTT was the primary variable used to index glucose metabolism. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR were also evaluated. Results showed that mean ± SE values were as follows: SAD: 22.3 ± 0.1 cm, waist circumference: 98.0 ± 0.4 cm, BMI: 28.6 ± 0.2 kg/m2, OGTT: 113.9 ± 1.0 mg/dL, fasting glucose: 99.6 ± 0.3 mg/dL, HbA1c: 5.4 ± 0.01%, and HOMA-IR: 3.2 ± 0.1. Compared to waist circumference and BMI, SAD consistently emerged as the best predictor of glucose metabolism, before and after adjusting for the covariates, and with the sample stratified by gender, race, or age. SAD was not a better predictor of OGTT among normal-weight adults or non-Hispanic Black adults. Due to the ease of taking SAD measurements, we recommend that healthcare providers use this simple method to more precisely predict diabetes risk, especially among overweight and obese adults.

scholarly journals Postprandial leptin and adiponectin in response to sugar and fat in obese and normal weight individuals

Endocrine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Larsen ◽  
V. T. Isaksen ◽  
E. J. Paulssen ◽  
R. Goll ◽  
J. R. Florholmen
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Oral Fat Tolerance Test ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Tolerance Test ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

Abstract Purpose Adipokines produced by white adipose tissue are central in the development of lifestyle diseases. Individuals in industrialized countries spend a substantial part of life in the non-fasting, postprandial state, which is associated with increased oxidation and inflammation. The aim was to study postprandial adiponectin and leptin levels after an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in obese (OB) and healthy, normal weight individuals (NW). Methods Fifty adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and 17 healthy, NW were included. Postprandial triglyceride (TG), adiponectin, and leptin levels were measured every second hour during an 8 h OFTT, and every half hour during a 2 h OGTT. Results Compared with the basal level, postprandial levels of adiponectin following OFTT showed a slight initial peak, followed by a significant decrease at 8 h, in the NW. In the OB these changes were abolished. Postprandial levels of leptin decreased significantly from basal levels in the OFTT, in the NW, whereas in the OB, leptin was unchanged except for a slight increase from 2 to 8 h. During the OGTT both adiponectin and leptin levels remained unchanged in the NW, but decreased significantly in the OB. In addition, the OB had delayed TG clearance at 6 h. Conclusions A fatty meal gives postprandial changes in the secretion of adiponectin and leptin in NW, but not in OB. Our observations indicate that a potential postprandial regulatory role of adiponectin and leptin is impaired in OB, and of importance in a more comprehensive understanding of the delayed postprandial TG clearance in obese individuals.

First trimester prediction of maternal glycemic status

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Gabbay-Benziv ◽  
Lauren E. Doyle ◽  
Miriam Blitzer ◽  
Ahmet A. Baschat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Predictive Algorithm

AbstractTo predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or normoglycemic status using first trimester maternal characteristics.We used data from a prospective cohort study. First trimester maternal characteristics were compared between women with and without GDM. Association of these variables with sugar values at glucose challenge test (GCT) and subsequent GDM was tested to identify key parameters. A predictive algorithm for GDM was developed and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) statistics was used to derive the optimal risk score. We defined normoglycemic state, when GCT and all four sugar values at oral glucose tolerance test, whenever obtained, were normal. Using same statistical approach, we developed an algorithm to predict the normoglycemic state.Maternal age, race, prior GDM, first trimester BMI, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were all significantly associated with GDM. Age, BMI, and SBP were also associated with GCT values. The logistic regression analysis constructed equation and the calculated risk score yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 85%, 62%, 13.8%, and 98.3% for a cut-off value of 0.042, respectively (ROC-AUC – area under the curve 0.819, CI – confidence interval 0.769–0.868). The model constructed for normoglycemia prediction demonstrated lower performance (ROC-AUC 0.707, CI 0.668–0.746).GDM prediction can be achieved during the first trimester encounter by integration of maternal characteristics and basic measurements while normoglycemic status prediction is less effective.

scholarly journals The Biochemical Diagnosis of Acromegaly

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Amit Akirov ◽  
Hiba Masri-Iraqi ◽  
Idit Dotan ◽  
Ilan Shimon
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Biochemical Diagnosis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Serum Gh

Background: The diagnosis of acromegaly still poses a clinical challenge, and prolonged diagnostic delay is common. The most important assays for the biochemical diagnosis and management of acromegaly are growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Objective: Discuss the role of IGF-1, basal serum GH, and nadir GH after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with acromegaly. Methods: We performed a narrative review of the published data on the biochemical diagnosis and monitoring of acromegaly. An English-language search for relevant studies was conducted on PubMed from inception to 1 January 2021. The reference lists of relevant studies were also reviewed. Results: Serum IGF-1 levels, basal GH values, and nadir GH after OGTT play a major role in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with acromegaly. Measurement of IGF-1 levels is the key factor in the diagnosis and monitoring of acromegaly, but basal and nadir GH following OGTT are also important. However, several factors may significantly influence the concentrations of these hormones, including assay methods, physiologic and pathologic factors. In some cases, discordant GH and IGF-1 levels may be challenging and usually requires additional data and monitoring. Conclusion: New GH and IGF-1 standards are much more precise and provide more accurate tools to diagnose and monitor patients with acromegaly. However, all these biochemical tools have their limitations, and these should be taken under consideration, along with the history, clinical features and imaging studies, when assessing patients for acromegaly.

The Entero-Insular Axis in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Garaa ◽  
F Norris ◽  
J Wright ◽  
L Morgan ◽  
S Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Extraction ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

We investigated the contributions made by the entero-insular axis, proinsulin and the fractional hepatic extraction of insulin to the hyperinsulinaemia characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We measured plasma glucose, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36 amide) (GLP-17–36 amide), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), intact proinsulin (IPI), and C-peptide concentrations during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in seven normal weight women with PCOS and eight healthy women. Women with PCOS had higher fasting ( P = 0·05) and integrated ( P < 0·01) IRI concentrations than controls. Fasting C-peptide levels were similar in both groups but integrated C-peptide ( P < 0·05) concentrations were greater in PCOS subjects than controls. Fasting and integrated concentrations of glucose, GIP and GLP-17–36 amide were similar in subjects with PCOS and controls. Although fasting IPI concentrations were similar in both groups, integrated IPI concentrations were higher ( P = 0·05) in patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS had similar fasting but higher ( P <0·05) integrated IRI: C-peptide molar ratios than controls. Fasting and integrated IPI: IRI molar ratios were similar in both groups. These results confirm that lean women with PCOS have peripheral hyperinsulinaemia. The mild fasting hyperinsulinaemia is due to increased pancreatic secretion, whereas the stimulated hyperinsulinaemia is due to both pancreatic hypersecretion and reduced fractional hepatic extraction of insulin. Hyperproinsulinaemia is modest and appropriate in PCOS. GIP and GLP-17–36 amide do not contribute to the stimulated hyperinsulinaemia in PCOS.

Five batches representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng root produce comparable reductions of postprandial glycemia in healthy individualsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Dascalu ◽  
John L. Sievenpiper ◽  
Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽  
Mark P. Stavro ◽  
Lawrence A. Leiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia

Evidence indicates that the glycemia-lowering effect of American ginseng root may be batch dependent. We therefore evaluated the effect of 5 root batches, representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng, on postprandial glucose and insulin indices. Twelve healthy subjects (5 male, 7 female), mean ± SE age 26.5 ± 2 years, body mass index 23.96 ± 3.41 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 4.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L, were assigned to consume 9 g of American ginseng from 5 farms (A–E), administered in randomized sequence on 5 separate visits, and a water-control during the 6th and last visit. Treatments were consumed 40 min before a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at baseline, before, and during the test. Compared with control, batches A and C reduced glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) by 35.2% (156 vs. 240 mmol·min/L) and 32.6% (162 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), respectively. Batches A, C, and E reduced incremental peak glucose by 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 mmol/L, respectively. Batch C reduced the insulin IAUC by 27.7% (15.8 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L). Effects on glucose and insulin parameters were not different across ginseng treatments. The mean of the 5 ginseng treatments reduced peak postprandial glucose by 1.0 mmol/L, glucose IAUC by 27.7% (173 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), and insulin IAUC by 23.8% (16.6 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L) relative to control. (All results statistically significant at p < 0.05.) American ginseng decreased postprandial glycemia and insulinemia; however, 40% of the batches did not reduce glycemia with the anticipated magnitude, irrespective of their saponin composition.

scholarly journals Glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test as an index of glucose intolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Sakaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Takeda ◽  
Mitsuo Maeda ◽  
Wataru Ogawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance
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