scholarly journals Sagittal Abdominal Diameter, Waist Circumference, and BMI as Predictors of Multiple Measures of Glucose Metabolism: An NHANES Investigation of US Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby A. Firouzi ◽  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter

The objective was to compare associations between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist circumference, and BMI to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), along with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, in a nationally representative sample of 3582 US adults. The study also analyzed the effect of multiple covariates on the anthropometric and glucose metabolism associations. A cross-sectional design was used. SAD was assessed using an abdominal caliper. All other data were collected following strict NHANES protocols. The OGTT was the primary variable used to index glucose metabolism. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR were also evaluated. Results showed that mean ± SE values were as follows: SAD: 22.3 ± 0.1 cm, waist circumference: 98.0 ± 0.4 cm, BMI: 28.6 ± 0.2 kg/m2, OGTT: 113.9 ± 1.0 mg/dL, fasting glucose: 99.6 ± 0.3 mg/dL, HbA1c: 5.4 ± 0.01%, and HOMA-IR: 3.2 ± 0.1. Compared to waist circumference and BMI, SAD consistently emerged as the best predictor of glucose metabolism, before and after adjusting for the covariates, and with the sample stratified by gender, race, or age. SAD was not a better predictor of OGTT among normal-weight adults or non-Hispanic Black adults. Due to the ease of taking SAD measurements, we recommend that healthcare providers use this simple method to more precisely predict diabetes risk, especially among overweight and obese adults.

scholarly journals Glucoregulation in normal weight schizophrenia patients treated by first generation antipsychotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Maric ◽  
Mirjana Doknic ◽  
Aleksandar Damjanovic ◽  
Sandra Pekic ◽  
Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Insulin Levels

Introduction Schizophrenia patients are at greater risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. The metabolic complications in patients are associated with several risk factors: family history of DM, lifestyle, smoking, dietary habits, physical inactivity, but also with antipsychotic medication. In literature, most publications have been focused on the effects of the second generation antipsychotics (SGA) on glucose metabolism. However, less attention has been paid to abnormality in glucoregulation, patients with schizophrenia treated with the first generation antipsychotics (FGA). Objective The present study evaluated glucose metabolism in normal weight schizophrenia patients treated with FGA. METHOD The cross-sectional study included 18 patients (FGA treated) and 20 healthy controls with neither group differences in sex distribution, age, nor in BMI. Inclusion criteria were normal BMI (20-25 kg/m2). The glucose levels, insulin levels and growth hormone levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. Results Fasting glucose and insulin levels did not differ significantly between groups. Groups differed in OGTT glucose and insulin peak and area under curve (AUC), level of significance p<0.05 (patients vs. controls: glucose peak 8.3?0.4 vs.6.9?0.5 mmol/l, glucose AUC 758?28 vs. 640?36 mU/l/120 min; insulin peak in patients 92.7?15.6 mU/l; insulin AUC 6060?1016 mU/l/120 min, insulin peak in controls 47.9?6.5 mU/l; insulin AUC 2597?256 mU/l/120 min). Conclusion Patients with schizophrenia, although with normal body mass index, are at high risk of abnormal glucose regulation. Not only SGA increase the risk of impaired glucoregulation and metabolic syndrome, but this may also be due to FGA or schizophrenia per se. .

scholarly journals Inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese subjects: associations with glucose abnormalities and changes after oral glucose

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Hofsø ◽  
Thor Ueland ◽  
Helle Hager ◽  
Trond Jenssen ◽  
Jens Bollerslev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

ObjectiveTo explore inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese (MO) subjects with various categories of glucose tolerance and to study the changes in these mediators after an oral glucose load.DesignCross-sectional and experimental study.MethodsA total of 144 MO subjects were classified into three categories: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); pre-diabetes; and new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) were included, as were 27 normal weight normoglycemic controls. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsFasting levels of leptin and IL-1Ra were consistently higher in obese persons (P<0.001 and P<0.05). MO subjects with NGT had higher CRP levels (P<0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (P<0.05) compared to controls. Yet when compared with MO subjects with NODM, those with NGT had lower CRP levels and higher adiponectin levels (both P<0.05). Baseline OPG and visfatin levels did not differ between the groups (P=0.326 and P=0.198). During OGTT, OPG levels decreased (P<0.001) and visfatin levels increased transiently (P=0.018). The response in OPG and visfatin did not differ between the groups (P=0.690 and P=0.170). There were minor changes in adiponectin and leptin levels.ConclusionsMorbid obesity and glucose intolerance were associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher CRP levels, thus supporting a relationship between obesity, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Oral glucose suppressed OPG levels and transiently enhanced visfatin levels independent of obesity and glucose tolerance status, indicating that glucose may be involved in the acute regulation of these proteins.

Endothelial function and baroreflex sensitivity according to the oral glucose tolerance test in patients with coronary artery disease and normal fasting glucose levels

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wykretowicz ◽  
Przemysław Guzik ◽  
Grzegorz Bartkowiak ◽  
Tomasz Krauze ◽  
Ryszard Kąsinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Gensini Score ◽  
Normal Fasting Glucose

Endothelial dysfunction and reduced BRS (baroreflex sensitivity) may be present in patients with CAD (coronary artery disease). The normal fasting glucose level does not exclude abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with CAD. The aim of present study was to evaluate endothelial function and BRS according to glucose metabolism in patients with normal fasting plasma glucose and stable CAD subjected to PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). Forty-six consecutive patients who underwent elective PTCA were studied (37 men; mean age 56 years). Endothelial function was assessed non-invasively using the arterial vasodilator response to salbutamol (albuterol). BRS was measured using a cross-correlation method. The extent of coronary narrowing was estimated by calculation of the Gensini score. All patients underwent a 75 g OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test). IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) or diabetes was present in approx. 60% of patients. The vasodilator response to salbutamol, as a measure of endothelial dysfunction, was significantly impaired in patients with IGT or diabetes compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (−0.5±1.6% compared with −7.9±2.2; P=0.01). Glucose metabolism and age were significant predictors of endothelial dysfunction (R2=35.2%, P=0.02). BRS did not differ significantly between patients with normal glucose tolerance and those with IGT or diabetes (6.9±1.2 compared with 6.1±0.6 ms/mmHg respectively; P=0.669). BRS was negatively correlated with age (r=−0.34, P=0.021) and the Gensini score (r=−0.34, P=0.022). The significant predictors of BRS were Gensini score, age and past myocardial infarction (R2=37.02%, P=0.002). Patients with established CAD, normal fasting glucose and IGT or diabetes demonstrated impaired endothelial function which did not correlate with the extent of coronary artery involvement. Conversely, BRS in the study population was not affected by glucose metabolism, but showed an interaction with the extent of coronary narrowing.

scholarly journals Measurement of bioactive osteocalcin in humans using a novel immunoassay reveals association with glucose metabolism and β-cell function

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. E381-E391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lacombe ◽  
Omar Al Rifai ◽  
Lorraine Loter ◽  
Thomas Moran ◽  
Anne-Frédérique Turcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell

Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone-derived hormone involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. In serum, OCN exists in carboxylated and uncarboxylated forms (ucOCN), and studies in rodents suggest that ucOCN is the bioactive form of this hormone. Whether this is also the case in humans is unclear, because a reliable assay to measure ucOCN is not available. Here, we established and validated a new immunoassay (ELISA) measuring human ucOCN and used it to determine the level of bioactive OCN in two cohorts of overweight or obese subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ELISA could specifically detect ucOCN concentrations ranging from 0.037 to 1.8 ng/mL. In a first cohort of overweight or obese postmenopausal women without diabetes ( n = 132), ucOCN correlated negatively with fasting glucose (r = −0.18, P = 0.042) and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.18, P = 0.038) and positively with insulin sensitivity assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (r = 0.18, P = 0.043) or insulin sensitivity index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.26, P = 0.003). In a second cohort of subjects with severe obesity ( n = 16), ucOCN was found to be lower in subjects with T2D compared with those without T2D (2.76 ± 0.38 versus 4.52 ± 0.06 ng/mL, P = 0.009) and to negatively correlate with fasting glucose (r = −0.50, P = 0.046) and glycated hemoglobin (r = −0.57, P = 0.021). Moreover, the subjects with ucOCN levels below 3 ng/mL had a reduced insulin secretion rate during a hyperglycemic clamp ( P = 0.03). In conclusion, ucOCN measured with this novel and specific assay is inversely associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in humans.

scholarly journals Changes in Metabolic Profile in the Women with a History of PCOS—A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jacewicz-Święcka ◽  
Irina Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Androgen Index

Data concerning metabolic consequences in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are delivered mainly by cross-sectional studies. In this research, we re-examined 31 Caucasian PCOS women after a median period of 120.9 months to evaluate the changes in metabolic syndrome components. Clinical examination, oral glucose tolerance test with estimations of glucose and insulin, lipids, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex hormones assessments were performed on two occasions. Additionally, the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique was used at the baseline to assess insulin sensitivity (M-clamp value). In the end, the median age of participants was 35. We observed an increase in glucose concentrations, a decrease in insulin concentrations and no changes in insulin resistance markers. Final mean glucose, mean insulin, Matsuda index and body mass index (BMI) were correlated with baseline M-clamp value and SHBG (p < 0.01). During the follow-up, no one in the sample developed diabetes. The annualised incidence rate for conversion from normoglycaemia to prediabetes totalled 4.5%. Baseline BMI, free androgen index, fasting glucose and M-clamp value were identified as prediabetes predictors in young PCOS women (respectively, OR = 1.17, OR = 1.42, OR = 1.2, OR = 0.73, p < 0.05). Prediabetes appeared in 76.47% of the women with a final BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2 and in 7.14% of the normal-weight women (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, we report a high rate of adverse change in glucose metabolism in overweight and obese participants, a deterioration in β-cell function and strong correlations between metabolic parameters assessed in the third and the fourth decade in PCOS women, emphasising the role of early intervention to prevent cardiometabolic diseases.

Nocturnal levels of chemerin and progranulin in adolescents: influence of sex, body mass index, glucose metabolism and sleep

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Daxer ◽  
Theresa Herttrich ◽  
Ying Y. Zhao ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Andreas Hiemisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Child Study

AbstractBackground:Adipokines have been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance and sleep regulation. However, the role of chemerin and progranulin, two recently described adipokines, in the context of sleep remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare nocturnal serum chemerin and progranulin levels between overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents and to assess variations by sex, across different sleep stages and in relation to glucose metabolism.Methods:The study sample included 34 overweight/obese and 32 normal-weight adolescents from secondary schools and the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Child study cohort. We obtained longitudinal serum adipokine levels during in-laboratory polysomnography followed by an oral glucose tolerance test.Results:Overweight/obese adolescents had significantly higher mean nocturnal serum chemerin area under the curve (AUC) levels (348.2±133.3 vs. 241.7±67.7 vs. ng/mL×h, p<0.001) compared to normal-weight controls. In detail, higher chemerin AUC levels in obese/overweight subjects were exclusively due to increased levels in females. No overall difference for serum progranulin AUC was found between the groups. However, when assessing sex-specific levels, serum progranulin AUC levels were ~30% higher in overweight/obese males compared to overweight/obese females. Of note, nocturnal serum chemerin and progranulin AUC did not exhibit a correlation with markers of glucose metabolism or sleep stages.Conclusions:Collectively, we report a sexual dimorphism in nocturnal progranulin and chemerin levels, which may help explain underlying differences in energy balance and body composition between males and females in the context of obesity.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Sex Influence Glucose Tolerance in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J. Hanson ◽  
William A. Banks ◽  
Hector Hernandez Saucedo ◽  
Suzanne Craft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background: Glucose intolerance and apolipoprotein ε4 allele (E4+) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin sensitizers show promise for treating AD, but are less effective in E4+ individuals. Little is known about how the APOE genotype influences glucose metabolism. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 319 older adults who underwent oral glucose tolerance tests; a subset had insulin, amyloid beta (Aβ42), and Mini Mental Status Examination. Glucose and insulin patterns with respect to cognitive diagnosis, E4 status, and sex were examined with analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation. Results: People with cognitive impairment had higher fasting insulin levels. E4 status did not affect fasting glucose values, whereas men had higher fasting glucose levels than women. E4+ men had the lowest and E4+ women had the highest glucose levels, compared to E4- groups; insulin did not differ by sex or E4 group. E4 status and sex moderated correlations between metabolic measures and AD risk factors including age and Aβ. Conclusions: Insulin resistance was associated with cognitive impairment, and sex, E4 status, and glucose values are interrelated in older adults at risk of AD. Understanding glucose metabolism for different APOE and sex groups may help elucidate differences in therapeutic responses.

scholarly journals Korelasi lingkar pinggang dan rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul terhadap kadar glukosa plasma menggunakan tes toleransi glukosa oral

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Farida Dwi Rokhmah ◽  
Dian Handayani ◽  
Harun Al-Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose Level ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio

Background: The increased circumference of waist and waist-hip ratio describe intra-abdominal fat which is associated with a number of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus.Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the correlation between the circumference of waist and waist-hip ratio in plasma glucose levels using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) method in adults.Method: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 75 respondents from Klojen which is located in Malang and obtained by multistage sampling random. The variables in the study include circumference of waist, waist-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose after consuming glucose liquid. Data were analyzed using coefficient contingency and Spearman correlation.Results: This study found that based on waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, most of the subjects are categorized as not at risk. Furthermore, based on plasma glucose level measurement using OGTT, 96% of subjects are normal.Conclusion: There is no correlation between plasma glucose level using OGTT and waist circumference as well as waist-hip ratio (p>0.05). 

Skipping breakfast is correlated with impaired fasting glucose in apparently healthy subjects

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Voronova ◽  
Alexey Nikitin ◽  
Alexander Chistiakov ◽  
Dimitry Chistiakov
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

AbstractRegular food consumption plays a critical role in normal glucose homeostasis. Today, a few studies have evaluated the level of fasting glucose in individuals who skip breakfast, which should theoretically lead to a lack of supplementary energy and thereby increase the risk for subsequent hypoglycemia. The prevalence of suspected habitual skipping breakfast (SHSB) (at least three times weekly) was evaluated with a simple question, along with measurement of fasting plasma glucose level and assessment of cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors in a cross-sectional study of 2,331 asymptomatic adults who had never been treated with insulin or oral anti-diabetic drugs. The overall prevalence of SHSB was 16.3% (20.1% for men and 9.4% for women, P<0.0001, χ2-test). Compared with a normal fasting glucose level, an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) level (100–125 mg/dl), but not high fasting glucose (≥126 mg/dl), was significantly associated with SHSB, and this association remained after adjustment for relevant confounders [odds ratio (95% CI): 1.75 (1.33–2.30) and 2.10 (0.93–4.71), respectively]. Age (inversely), current smoker, late dinner just before sleeping, infrequent exercise, and high C-reactive protein (≥1.8 mg/L) were independently associated with SHSB. In a subgroup of subjects who underwent a 75g-oral glucose tolerance test (n = 1,315), isolated IFG (n = 272) was solely significantly associated with SHSB. Our results suggest that IFG, subtle inflammatory state, and high-risk lifestyle factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease may have an association in asymptomatic adults who habitually skip breakfast.

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