Short- and long-term outcomes of preterm spontaneous twin anemia-polycythemia sequence

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Soo Jin Han ◽  
Seung Mi Lee ◽  
Sohee Oh ◽  
Subeen Hong ◽  
Jeong Won Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Monochorionic Twin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

AbstractBackgroundIn monochorionic twin pregnancy, placental anastomosis and inter-twin blood transfusion can result in specific complications, such as twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS). It is well established that adverse outcomes are increased in TTTS, but reports on the neonatal and long-term outcomes of TAPS are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes in spontaneous TAPS.MethodsThe study population consisted of monochorionic twin pregnancies with preterm birth (24–37 weeks of gestation) between November 2003 and December 2016 and in which cord blood was taken at the time of delivery. According to the result of hemoglobin in cord blood, the study population was divided into two groups: a spontaneous TAPS group and a control group. Neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsDuring the study period, 11 cases were diagnosed as spontaneous TAPS (6.4%). The TAPS group had lower gestational age at delivery and had a higher risk for cesarean delivery. However, neonates with TAPS were not at an increased risk for neonatal mortality and significant neonatal morbidity. In addition, the frequency of severe cerebral lesion during the neonatal period and the risk of cerebral palsy at 2 years of age were not different between the two groups.ConclusionThe spontaneous TAPS diagnosed by postnatal diagnostic criteria was not associated with the increased risk of adverse neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the morbidity of antenatally diagnosed TAPS.

Pharmacological Neuroprotection of the Preterm Brain: Current Evidence and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Siahanidou ◽  
Christina Spiliopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Despite improvements in viability, the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm babies remain serious concern as a significant percentage of these infants develop neurological and/or intellectual impairment, and they are also at increased risk of psychiatric illnesses later in life. The current challenge is to develop neuroprotective approaches to improve adverse outcomes in preterm survivors. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the current evidence on pharmacological agents targeting the neuroprotection of the preterm brain. Among them, magnesium sulfate, given antenatally to pregnant women with imminent preterm birth before 30 to 34 weeks of gestation, as well as caffeine administered to preterm infants after birth, exhibited neuroprotective effects for human preterm brain. Erythropoietin treatment of preterm infants did not result in neuroprotection at 2 years of age in two out of three published large randomized controlled trials; however, long-term follow-up of these infants is needed to come to definite conclusions. Further studies are also required to assess whether melatonin, neurosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, allopurinol, or dietary supplements (omega-3 fatty acids, choline, curcumin, etc.) could be implemented as neuroprotectants in clinical practice. Furthermore, other pharmacological agents showing promising signs of neuroprotective efficacy in preclinical studies (growth factors, hyaluronidase inhibitors or treatment, antidiabetic drugs, cannabidiol, histamine-H3 receptor antagonists, etc.), as well as stem cell- or exosomal-based therapies and nanomedicine, may prove useful in the future as potential neuroprotective approaches for human preterm brain. Key Points

scholarly journals Association of Frailty With Treatment Selection and Long‐Term Outcomes Among Patients With Chronic Limb‐Threatening Ischemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel M. Butala ◽  
Aishwarya Raja ◽  
Jiaman Xu ◽  
Jordan B. Strom ◽  
Marc Schermerhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Treatment Selection ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Frail Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Likelihood

Background The optimal treatment strategy for patients with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI) is often unclear. Frailty has emerged as an important factor that can identify patients at greater risk of poor outcomes and guide treatment selection, but few studies have explored its utility among the CLTI population. We examine the association of a health record‐based frailty measure with treatment choice and long‐term outcomes among patients hospitalized with CLTI. Methods and Results We included patients aged >65 years hospitalized with CLTI in the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review data set between October 1, 2009 and September 30, 2015. The primary exposure was frailty, defined by the Claims‐based Frailty Indicator. Baseline frailty status and revascularization choice were examined using logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the association between frailty and death or amputation, stratifying by treatment strategy. Of 85 060 patients, 35 484 (42%) were classified as frail. Frail patients had lower likelihood of revascularization (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.75‒0.82). Among those revascularized, frailty was associated with lower likelihood of surgical versus endovascular treatment (adjusted OR, 0.76; CI, 0.72‒0.81). Frail patients experienced increased risk of amputation or death, regardless of revascularization status (revascularized: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.34; CI, 1.30‒1.38; non‐revascularized: adjusted HR, 1.22; CI, 1.17‒1.27). Among those revascularized, frailty was independently associated with amputation or death irrespective of revascularization strategy (surgical: adjusted HR, 1.36; CI, 1.31‒1.42; endovascular: aHR, 1.29; CI, 1.243‒1.35). Conclusions Among patients hospitalized with CLTI, frailty is an important independent predictor of revascularization strategy and longitudinal adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Metformin in pregnancy and risk of adverse long-term outcomes: a register-based cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e002363
Author(s):  
Kerstin M G Brand ◽  
Laura Saarelainen ◽  
Jaak Sonajalg ◽  
Emmanuelle Boutmy ◽  
Caroline Foch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate if maternal pregnancy exposure to metformin is associated with increased risk of long-term and short-term adverse outcomes in the child.Research design and methods This register-based cohort study from Finland included singleton children born 2004–2016 with maternal pregnancy exposure to metformin or insulin (excluding maternal type 1 diabetes): metformin only (n=3967), insulin only (n=5273) and combination treatment (metformin and insulin; n=889). The primary outcomes were long-term offspring obesity, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, and challenges in motor–social development. In a sensitivity analysis, the primary outcomes were investigated only among children with maternal gestational diabetes. Secondary outcomes were adverse outcomes at birth. Analyses were conducted using inverse- probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), with insulin as reference.Results  Exposure to metformin or combination treatment versus insulin was not associated with increased risk of long-term outcomes in the main or sensitivity analyses. Among the secondary outcomes, increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) was observed for metformin (IPTW-weighted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.34); increased risk of large for gestational age, preterm birth and hypoglycemia was observed for combination treatment. No increased risk was observed for neonatal mortality, hyperglycemia, or major congenital anomalies.Conclusions This study found no increased long-term risk associated with pregnancy exposure to metformin (alone or in combination with insulin), compared with insulin. The increased risk of SGA associated with metformin versus insulin suggests caution in pregnancies with at-risk fetal undernutrition. The increased risks of adverse outcomes at birth associated with combination treatment may reflect confounding by indication or severity.

Long-Term Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age Twins Born at 34 Weeks or Later

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nola Herlihy ◽  
Elizabeth Odom ◽  
Natalie Cohen ◽  
Annemarie Stroustrup ◽  
Andrei Rebarber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective This article aims to compare long-term neurodevelopmental and health outcomes of twins born at 34 weeks or later, based on the presence of small for gestational age (SGA). Study Design This study is a mail-based survey of twin gestations delivered by a single practice. We compared twins with and without SGA delivered at ≥34 weeks. There were two primary outcomes for this study: a composite of major adverse outcomes (death; cerebral palsy; necrotizing enterocolitis; chronic renal, heart, or lung disease) and a composite of minor adverse outcomes (learning disability, speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy). Regression analysis was performed to control for clustering of outcomes within twin pairs. Results A total of 712 children were included. Comparing twins with birthweights <10% to ≥10%, there were no significant differences in rates of composite major morbidities (3.2 vs. 1.4%, p = 0.109) or composite minor morbidities (43.6 vs. 39.3%, p = 0.279). Comparing twins with birthweights <5% to ≥5%, the rates of major morbidities were low in both groups, but significantly higher in the group with birthweights <5% (4.4 vs. 1.6%, p = 0.046). There were no significant differences seen in the composite minor morbidities (46.7 vs. 39.7%, p = 0.134). Twins with birthweights <5% were significantly more likely to have childhood cardiac disease (2.9 vs. 0.7%, p = 0.041). Conclusion Twins with SGA <10% born at ≥34 weeks have similar long-term neurodevelopmental and health outcomes compared with twins with normal birthweights. Birthweight less than 5th percentile is associated with an increased risk of major morbidity, specifically cardiac disease, but the absolute risk is low.

scholarly journals Novel evidence depicting adverse long-term outcomes linked to tonsillectomy: a spotlight on overtreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Nikhil Nair Hariharan ◽  
Kashyap Patel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk

Tonsillectomies (TEs) are the first line of treatment when patients present with recurrent tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscesses or obstructive sleep apnea. Though TEs have modest efficacy, they remain a common pediatric surgery in Canada. TEs are now viewed as a prophylactic measure used to prevent tonsil-related diseases. Simultaneously, there is a lack of evidence-based decision-making when recommending TEs, leading to overtreatment. Novel findings indicate that pediatric TE patients have an increased risk of complications and poor long-term outcomes including respiratory, infectious, and allergic disorders. A need for alternatives to TEs is evident; less invasive interventions with fewer perioperative complications and lifelong morbidities warrant further research. To prevent unnecessary adverse outcomes, healthcare providers should opt for more selective and evidence-based TE recommendations. Meanwhile, it is also imperative that physicians clearly communicate the potential quality of life implications associated with TEs. Healthcare and social mores surrounding TEs need to change towards a more evidence-based practice that focuses on improving patients’ quality of life. This commentary examines the current role of TEs, their long-term outcomes, and the implications of overtreatment.

scholarly journals Postoperative acute kidney injury in adult non-cardiac surgery: joint consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative and PeriOperative Quality Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Prowle ◽  
Lui G. Forni ◽  
Max Bell ◽  
Michelle S. Chew ◽  
Mark Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractPostoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is a common complication of major surgery that is strongly associated with short-term surgical complications and long-term adverse outcomes, including increased risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events and death. Risk factors for PO-AKI include older age and comorbid diseases such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. PO-AKI is best defined as AKI occurring within 7 days of an operative intervention using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition of AKI; however, additional prognostic information may be gained from detailed clinical assessment and other diagnostic investigations in the form of a focused kidney health assessment (KHA). Prevention of PO-AKI is largely based on identification of high baseline risk, monitoring and reduction of nephrotoxic insults, whereas treatment involves the application of a bundle of interventions to avoid secondary kidney injury and mitigate the severity of AKI. As PO-AKI is strongly associated with long-term adverse outcomes, some form of follow-up KHA is essential; however, the form and location of this will be dictated by the nature and severity of the AKI. In this Consensus Statement, we provide graded recommendations for AKI after non-cardiac surgery and highlight priorities for future research.

scholarly journals Impact of established cardiovascular disease on 10-year death after coronary revascularization for complex coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutao Wang ◽  
Scot Garg ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Hideyuki Kawashima ◽  
Masafumi Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Vital Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims To investigate the impact of established cardiovascular disease (CVD) on 10-year all-cause death following coronary revascularization in patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The SYNTAXES study assessed vital status out to 10 years of patients with complex CAD enrolled in the SYNTAX trial. The relative efficacy of PCI versus CABG in terms of 10-year all-cause death was assessed according to co-existing CVD. Results Established CVD status was recorded in 1771 (98.3%) patients, of whom 827 (46.7%) had established CVD. Compared to those without CVD, patients with CVD had a significantly higher risk of 10-year all-cause death (31.4% vs. 21.7%; adjusted HR: 1.40; 95% CI 1.08–1.80, p = 0.010). In patients with CVD, PCI had a non-significant numerically higher risk of 10-year all-cause death compared with CABG (35.9% vs. 27.2%; adjusted HR: 1.14; 95% CI 0.83–1.58, p = 0.412). The relative treatment effects of PCI versus CABG on 10-year all-cause death in patients with complex CAD were similar irrespective of the presence of CVD (p-interaction = 0.986). Only those patients with CVD in ≥ 2 territories had a higher risk of 10-year all-cause death (adjusted HR: 2.99, 95% CI 2.11–4.23, p < 0.001) compared to those without CVD. Conclusions The presence of CVD involving more than one territory was associated with a significantly increased risk of 10-year all-cause death, which was non-significantly higher in complex CAD patients treated with PCI compared with CABG. Acceptable long-term outcomes were observed, suggesting that patients with established CVD should not be precluded from undergoing invasive angiography or revascularization. Trial registration SYNTAX: ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT00114972. SYNTAX Extended Survival: ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT03417050. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Association of inflammatory disease and long-term outcomes among young adults with myocardial infarction: the Partners YOUNG-MI registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Weber ◽  
D.W Biery ◽  
A Singh ◽  
S Divakaran ◽  
A.N Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Autoimmune systemic inflammatory diseases are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly myocardial infarction (MI). However, there are limited data on the prevalence and effects of inflammatory disease among U.S. adults who experience an MI at a young age. Purpose We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic value of inflammatory disease in U.S. adults who experience an MI at a young age. Methods The YOUNG-MI registry is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who experienced a Type 1 MI at or below the age of 50 years from 2000 to 2016 at two large medical centers. A diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PsO), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or inflammatory arthritis was determined through physician review of electronic medical records (EMR). Demographic information, presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk-factors, medical procedures, and medications upon discharge were also ascertained from the EMR. Incidence of death was determined using a combination of EMR and national databases. Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed on a sub-sample following Mahalanobis Distance matching on age, sex, and CV risk factors. Results The cohort consisted of 2097 individuals (median age 45 years, 19% female, 53% ST-elevation MI). Among these, 53 (2.5%) individuals possessed a diagnosis of systemic inflammatory disease at or before their index MI (23% SLE, 9% RA, 64% PsO, 4% inflammatory arthritis). When compared to the remainder of the cohort, patients with a diagnosis of systemic inflammatory disease were more likely to be female (36% vs 19%, p=0.004) and be diagnosed with hypertension (62% vs 46%, p=0.025). There was, however, no significant difference in the prevalence of other CV risk factors – diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia – or a family history of premature coronary artery disease. Despite these similarities, patients with inflammatory disease were less likely to be prescribed aspirin (88% vs 95%, p=0.049) or a statin (76% vs 89%, p=0.008) upon discharge. Over a median follow-up of 11.2 years, patients with inflammatory disease experienced an increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared with the full-cohort (Figure). Compared to the matched sample (n=138), patients with systemic inflammatory disease exhibited an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=2.68, CI [1.18 to 6.07], p=0.018), which remained significant after multivariable adjustment for length of stay and GFR (HR=2.38, CI [1.02 to 5.54], p=0.045). Conclusions Among individuals who experienced an MI at a young age, approximately 2.5% had evidence of a systemic inflammatory disease at or before their MI. When compared with a population of individuals with similar cardiovascular risk profiles, those with inflammatory disease had higher rates of all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that the presence of a systemic inflammatory disorder is independently associated with worse long-term outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): 1. 5T32 HL094301 NIH T32 Training Grant, “Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Research Training Program”

scholarly journals Impact of atrial fibrillation pattern on outcomes after left atrial appendage closure: lessons from the prospective LAARGE registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinwan Kany ◽  
Johannes Brachmann ◽  
Thorsten Lewalter ◽  
Ibrahim Akin ◽  
Horst Sievert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background Non-paroxysmal (NPAF) forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported to be associated with an increased risk for systemic embolism or death. Methods Comparison of procedural details and long-term outcomes in patients (pts) with paroxysmal AF (PAF) against controls with NPAF in the prospective, multicentre observational registry of patients undergoing LAAC (LAARGE). Results A total of 638 pts (PAF 274 pts, NPAF 364 pts) were enrolled. In both groups, a history of PVI was rare (4.0% vs 1.6%, p = 0.066). The total CHA2DS2-VASc score was lower in the PAF group (4.4 ± 1.5 vs 4.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.033), while HAS-BLED score (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 3.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.40) was comparable. The rate of successful implantation was equally high (97.4% vs 97.8%, p = 0.77). In the three-month echo follow-up, LA thrombi (2.1% vs 7.3%, p = 0.12) and peridevice leak > 5 mm (0.0% vs 7.1%, p = 0.53) were numerically higher in the NPAF group. Overall, in-hospital complications occurred in 15.0% of the PAF cohort and 10.7% of the NPAF cohort (p = 0.12). In the one-year follow-up, unadjusted mortality (8.4% vs 14.0%, p = 0.039) and combined outcome of death, stroke and systemic embolism (8.8% vs 15.1%, p = 0.022) were significantly higher in the NPAF cohort. After adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc and previous bleeding, NPAF was associated with increased death/stroke/systemic embolism (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72, p = 0.041). Conclusion Atrial fibrillation type did not impair periprocedural safety or in-hospital MACE patients undergoing LAAC. However, after one year, NPAF was associated with higher mortality. Graphic abstract

Impact of Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110004
Author(s):  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Yan-min Yang ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Jia-meng Ren ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Net Reclassification Improvement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

We performed a retrospective analysis involving 1269 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on long-term outcomes. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and combined end point events (CEEs). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and net reclassification improvement (NRI) analysis were performed. During a median follow-up of 3.32 years, 285 deaths and 376 CEEs occurred. With the elevation of the NLR, the incidence of all-cause mortality (2.77, 4.14, 6.12, and 12.18/100 person-years) and CEEs (4.19, 7.40, 8.03, and 15.22/100 person-years) significantly increased. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the highest NLR quartile was independently associated with the incidence of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19-2.65) and CEEs (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18-2.33). When the NLR was analyzed as a continuous variable, a 1-unit increment in log NLR was related to 134% increased risk of all-cause mortality and 119% increased risk of CEEs. Net reclassification improvement analysis revealed that NLR significantly improved risk stratification for all-cause death and CEEs by 15.0% and 9.6%, respectively. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio could be an independent predictor of long-term outcomes in patients with AF.

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