scholarly journals Usefulness of immunohistochemical indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of poorly differentiated tumours

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola ◽  
Marcin Nowak ◽  
Rafał Ciaputa ◽  
Janusz A. Madej
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Normal Reaction ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Antibody Pattern ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunohistochemical studies have become an indispensable element of establishing the correct histopathological diagnosis of poorly differentiated lesions, proving particularly suitable, and occasionally indispensable, for diagnosis of poorly differentiated neoplastic tumours. Knowledge of the mechanism of action and normal reaction of individual proteins is required in selection of the antibody pattern for a given tissue and in evaluation of the obtained results. This paper aims to promote the application of immunohistochemical techniques in routine diagnosis, especially in cases of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumours.

Intracranial Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors of the Cavernous Sinus: A Diagnostic Peculiarity

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. e11-e15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Chirag Gandhi ◽  
Simone Betchen ◽  
James Strauchen ◽  
Wesley King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors

Abstract Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) are aggressive, poorly differentiated neoplasms that occur in children and young adults. These tumors are associated with a peak incidence in the second decade and a slight male preponderance. Recently, Ewing sarcoma and pPNET tumors have been proven to carry identical translocations, the most common being t(11;22)(q24;q12). Intracranial Ewing sarcoma/pPNETs have rarely been described in the literature. We studied a case of intracranial pPNET arising in the right cavernous sinus of a 46-year-old man. On imaging, the tumor had both sellar and suprasellar components and was centered within the right parasellar region. Histologically, the tumor was composed of intermediate to large cells with round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei with distinct nucleoli. The cells contained a moderate amount of slightly basophilic cytoplasm. The tumor was markedly fibrotic and had collagen bands surrounding both individual and groups of cells. A large immunohistochemical panel was positive only for CD99 and vimentin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization did not show translocations associated with Ewing sarcoma/pPNET. However, a small percentage of these tumors can be negative for this translocation. In these cases, histology and immunohistochemical techniques in the absence of an alternative diagnosis are the only tools available to establish the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and ADMET Study of Some 1, 8-Naphthyidine and Quinoline 3-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1932-1938
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Gurjar
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Heterocyclic Compound ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Alternate Mechanism ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The extremely drug resistant may be a worldwide public ill health in recent years. Molecules with newer targets and an alternate mechanism of action is an urgent requirement of improvement of latest drugs. The utilization of heterocyclic compounds has been increased dramatically over the last 70 years due to their wide selection of technical applications and their favorable environmental and toxicological properties The 1,8-naphthyridine and quinoline 3-carboxylic acid derivatives that we'll manufacture during this method will change the potency and specificity of fluoroquinolones. Taking under consideration the findings, the goal is to style and manufacture 1, 8-naphthyridine and quinoline 3-carboxylic acid derivatives. The synthesized compounds are going to be characterized using multiple analytical techniques, virtual screening, and in-silico ADME/T prediction. Keywords: 1, 8-Naphthyridine, Quinoline, ADMET, Heterocyclic Compound

scholarly journals VGH-TAYLOR: Comprehensive precision medicine study protocol on the heterogeneity of Taiwanese breast cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yu Liu ◽  
Chi-Cheng Huang ◽  
Yi-Fang Tsai ◽  
Ta-Chung Chao ◽  
Pei-Ju Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Receptor Repertoire ◽  
Cell Receptor Repertoire ◽  
Selection Of

Heterogeneity in breast cancer leads to diverse morphological features and different clinical outcomes. There are inherent differences in breast cancer between the populations in Asia and in western countries. The use of immune-based treatment in breast cancer is currently in the developmental stage. The VGH-TAYLOR study is designed to understand the genetic profiling of different subtypes of breast cancer in Taiwan and define the molecular risk factors for breast cancer recurrence. The T-cell receptor repertoire and the potential effects of immunotherapy in breast cancer subjects is evaluated. The favorable biomarkers for early detection of tumor recurrence, diagnosis and prognosis may provide clues for the selection of individualized treatment regimens and improvement in breast cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Unique Mechanisms in Treatment of Diabetes mellitus: A Herbal-Based Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111
Author(s):  
Mahitab H. El Bishbishy ◽  
Abeer M. Eladawi ◽  
Eman M. El Hamrawy ◽  
Lamis A. ElShennawy ◽  
Menaallah W. Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Glut 4 Translocation ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Persistent Hyperglycemia ◽  
Selection Of

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, described by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action or both. As a consequence of the persistent hyperglycemia, several microvascular and macrovascular complications arise. In herbal treatments, there are quite a variety of mechanisms and pathways that could be targeted while considering the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM); ranging from acting on pancreatic insulin, decreasing carbohydrates digestion, to inhibiting enzymes responsible for this disease like glucosidases, maltase fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, G6Pase and PTP1B enzymes and increasing GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 translocation. There is a diverse amount of plants that have individual active constituents that are responsible for their anti-diabetic effect; such constituents belong to classes like flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. In our review, we will report a large variety of plants and phytoconstituents that have anti-diabetic action and discuss their mechanism of action highlighting their uniqueness and thus, providing for novel targets for anti-diabetic molecules either solely or as adjunctive therapies. Ethnopharmacological studies could aid in the selection of medicinal plants to be employed in these preliminary studies. However, the exact bioactive metabolite, along with the definite mechanism of action, should be studied before experimental and clinical studies. 

scholarly journals Clinicopathological study of leiomyomas in hysterectomy specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Rajiv Kamal Gupta ◽  
Simrat Jit Kaur ◽  
Panchampreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Leiomyomas are benign tumors of smooth muscle cells commonly encountered in women of reproductive age group. Aim of this study was to conduct a histopathological study of leiomyomas in hysterectomy specimens and to correlate them with clinical findings.Methods: A prospective study was done on 130 hysterectomy specimens clinically diagnosed as leiomyoma. The specimens were subjected to histopathological examination.Results: In this study, the most common age group was 31-50 years (87.69%). Most common complaint was menorrhagia (51.54%). In endometrium, the most common histopathological diagnosis was proliferative phase (46.15%) followed by endometrial hyperplasia (19.23%). The most common secondary change was hyalinization and the most common site was intramural (62.9%).Conclusions: Hysterectomy is a commonly performed procedure in the management of uterine leiomyomas. The ultimate diagnosis and prognosis depends on the histopathological examination; therefore, every operated specimen must be subjected to histopathology. 

Carcinosarcoma of the Pancreas Arising in a Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bloomston ◽  
Jose Chanona-Vilchis ◽  
E. Christopher Ellison ◽  
Nilsa C. Ramirez ◽  
Wendy L. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Painless Jaundice ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Work Up

We report a carcinosarcoma of the pancreas in a 67-year-old woman who presented with nausea, vomiting, and painless jaundice. A work-up demonstrated a well-circumscribed mass in the head of the pancreas. After pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, the tumor was found to be grossly yellow, and it compressed the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. Histological examination of the neoplasm showed a 4.0 x 4.0 x 3.0-cm mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with invasive poorly differentiated carcinoma, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcomatous stroma invading into the duodenum. There was no evidence of nodal metastasis (pT3N0M0). Immunohistochemical studies showed that the epithelial cells stained positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin monoclonal antibody 5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, M-carcinoembryonic antigen, and low-molecular-weight kininogen, and the sarcomatous component was immunoreactive with vimentin. The patient had an uneventful recovery, but died 4 months later of rapidly progressive metastatic disease to the liver and peritoneum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of carcinosarcoma with invasive epithelial and sarcomatous areas in the background of a mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.

scholarly journals Genome Editing in Agriculture: Technical and Practical Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Jansing ◽  
Andreas Schiermeyer ◽  
Stefan Schillberg ◽  
Rainer Fischer ◽  
Luisa Bortesi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Selection Of

The advent of precise genome-editing tools has revolutionized the way we create new plant varieties. Three groups of tools are now available, classified according to their mechanism of action: Programmable sequence-specific nucleases, base-editing enzymes, and oligonucleotides. The corresponding techniques not only lead to different outcomes, but also have implications for the public acceptance and regulatory approval of genome-edited plants. Despite the high efficiency and precision of the tools, there are still major bottlenecks in the generation of new and improved varieties, including the efficient delivery of the genome-editing reagents, the selection of desired events, and the regeneration of intact plants. In this review, we evaluate current delivery and regeneration methods, discuss their suitability for important crop species, and consider the practical aspects of applying the different genome-editing techniques in agriculture.

Use of Technetium-99m-Labeled Methoxy-Isobutyl Isonitrile and Iodine 123-Labeled Phenyl-Methyl-Pentadecanoic Acid in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1084 ◽  
pp. 532-535
Author(s):  
Yuri B. Lishmanov ◽  
Konstantin V. Zavadovsky ◽  
Marina O. Gulya ◽  
Stanislav M. Minin ◽  
Denis I. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Resynchronization Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Iodine 123 ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

The objectiveof this study is to assess perfusion and metabolic state of the left ventricular in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using scintigraphy with MIBI and BMIPP, as well as to develop the predictors of efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The study included 51 patients with DCM who underwent CRT. Correlation between the values of LV ESV after CRT and preoperative perfusion and metabolic defects sizes was detected. "Responders" and "non-responders" groups were significantly different from the perfusion and metabolic defects sizes. Myocardial perfusion-metabolic scintigraphy can be used as additional criteria for the selection of patients for CRT.

scholarly journals Neurotransmitter organization of the nucleus of Edinger–Westphal and its projection to the avian ciliary ganglion

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Reiner ◽  
Jonathan T. Erichsen ◽  
John B. Cabot ◽  
Craig Evinger ◽  
Malinda E. C. Fitzerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Choroidal Blood Flow ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

AbstractTwo morphologically distinct types of preganglionic endings are observed in the avian ciliary ganglion: boutonal and cap-like. Boutonal endings synapse on ciliary ganglion neurons (called choroidal neurons) innervating choroidal blood vessels, while cap-like endings synapse on ciliary ganglion neurons (called ciliary neurons) controlling the lens and pupil. Some of both types of preganglionic endings contain the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and/or leucine-enkephalin (LENK). Although both types of preganglionic terminals are also known to be cholinergic, there has been no direct evidence that SP and LENK are found in cholinergic endings in the ciliary ganglion. The present studies in pigeons, which involved the use of single- and double-label immunohistochemical techniques, were undertaken to examine this issue, as well as to (1) determine the relative percentages of the boutonal and cap-like endings that contain SP, LENK, or both SP and LENK; and (2) determine if the two different types of terminals in the ciliary ganglion arise from different subdivisions of the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal (EW).Single- and double-label immunohistochemical studies revealed that all neurons of EW, regardless of whether they contained immunohistochemically detectible amounts of SP or LENK, are cholinergic. In the medial subdivision of EW (EWM), which was found to contain approximately 700 neurons, 20.2% of these neurons were observed to contain both SP and LENK, while 11.6% were observed to contain SP only and 10.7% were observed to contain LENK only. In contrast, in lateral EW (EWL), which was found to contain approximately 500 neurons, 16.2% of the neurons were observed to contain both SP and LENK, while 19.2% of the neurons were observed to contain SP only and 12.6% were observed to contain LENK only. Retrograde-labeling studies involving horseradish peroxidase injections into the ciliary ganglion revealed that EW was the sole source of input to the ciliary ganglion and all, or nearly all, neurons in EW innervate the ciliary ganglion.Immunohistochemical labeling of the ciliary ganglion neurons with an antiserum against choline acetyltransferase revealed that approximately 900 choroidal neurons and approximately 600 ciliary neurons are present in the ganglion, all of which receive cholinergic preganglionic endings. Of the choroidal neurons, 94% receive butonal terminals containing both SP and LENK, while only 2% receive SP+ only boutonal endings and 2% receive LENK+ only butonal endings. Of the ciliary neurons, 25% receive cap-like endings containing both SP and LENK, 30% receive cap-like endings containing only SP and 3% receive cap-like endings containing only LENK. Total unilateral lesions of EW resulted in the loss of all SP+ or LENK+ terminals in the ipsilateral ganglion. Subtotal EW lesions that spared either part of EWM or part of EWL revealed that boutonal endings arise from EWM neurons and cap-like endings from EWL neurons.The present results suggest that the choroidal neurons, which regulate choroidal blood flow, may be relatively uniform in their functional properties since they nearly all receive boutonal endings from EWM that co-contain SP, LENK, and acetylcholine. In contrast, the ciliary neurons, which receive their preganglionic input from EWL, may consist of at least three major functionally distinct subgroups: (1) those receiving SP/LENK/acetylcholine-containing cap-like endings; (2) those receiving SP/acetylcholine-containing cap-like endings; and (3) those receiving acetylcholine-containing cap-like endings. The functional diversity of ciliary neurons may in part be related to the fact that some ciliary neurons innervate the iris and others the ciliary body.

scholarly journals Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasm Involving Parotid and Thyroid: Sampling and PAX8 Cross-Reactivity Can Obscure the Diagnosis of Lymphoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W. Hubbard ◽  
Laurentia Nodit ◽  
Stuart Van Meter
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Malignant Neoplasia ◽  
Selection Of

Poorly differentiated malignant neoplasia arising within the head and neck region may originate from diverse sources. We report a case of a cytologically undifferentiated malignant neoplasm clinically presenting as masses involving thyroid and parotid. Although PAX8 was immunoreactive and thus worrisome for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, the tumor was eventually proven to represent PAX5 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma expressing cross-reactivity with polyclonal PAX8 antibody. Cross-reactivity between commercially available polyclonal PAX8 and PAX5 immunostains has been described in the literature but is not widely known, and it is a potential pitfall for making a misdiagnosis. This distinction can have importance in selection of subsequent clinical therapy and should be considered in choice of immunohistochemical stains for diagnostic purposes.

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