Utterance Construction Grammar (UCxG) and the variable multimodality of constructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cienki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Language User ◽  
Multimodal Problems ◽  
Attentional Mechanism

AbstractSome proponents of the theory of Construction Grammar have been investigating how it might address the nature of spoken language usage as multimodal. Problems confronted in this endeavour include the variability with which gesture is used with speech in terms of its (in)frequency and its (non) obligatoriness: for some expressions a certain kind of gesture is basically obligatory, but for most others it is a variably optional component depending on contextual factors. This article proposes “utterance” as a level of description above that of speech and gesture for characterizing audio-visual communicative constructions. It picks up on earlier proposals to consider constructions as prototype categories with more central and more peripheral features. The language community’s knowledge of a given utterance construction and that of any language user are discussed as “deep structures” (in a non-Chomskian sense) that provide a set of options (some more central and others more peripheral) for expression, whereby any “surface structure” is a metonymic precipitation in context of the construction’s features. An important attentional mechanism proposed that guides production and comprehension (“uptake”) of utterance constructions is the dynamic scope of relevant behaviors. Taken together, this approach may help bring Construction Grammar closer to being a truly usage-based theory.

scholarly journals WACANA SEREMONIAL PIDATO DALAM UPACARA PERKAWINAN ADAT JAWA (Speech Ceremonial Discourse in The Javanese Tradition Wedding Ceremony)

Sirok Bastra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulyana Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
Ceremonial Discourse ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Pidato dalam upacara perkawinan adat Jawa adalah bagian penting dalam keseluruhan tradisi bahasa dan budaya Jawa. Sebagai satuan wacana, struktur, dan muatan budaya dalam pidato menyimpan sejumlah permasalahan. Tujuan penelitian menjelaskan penggunaan bahasa, estetika bahasa, dan perubahan wacana pidato. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik yang dilengkapi dengan analisis wacana (discourse analysis). Bahan penelitian atau data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tuturan lisan pidato perkawinan (PP) yang dapat didokumentasikan selama penelitian. Tuturan yang diambil sebagai data, didokumetasikan dari tuturan langsung dalam upacara perkawinan yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat Jawa di wilayah Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan: pertama, bahasa yang digunakan dalam upacara perkawinan masyarakat Jawa antara lain adalah: bahasa Jawa, bahasa Indonesia, bahasa campuran Jawa-Indonesia (Jawindo). Dalam penyampaiannya, wacana pidato kadang-kadang mengalami gejala alih kode dan campur kode, dan mengalami perubahan atau pergantian tingkat tutur. Kedua, unsur-unsur estetika yang digunakan dalam wacana pidato perkawinan yang berhasil ditemukan antara lain adalah: tembung saroja, tembung garba, yogyaswara, keratabasa, tembung entar, paribasan, bebasan, saloka, pepindhan, pralambang, purwakanthi, panambang bunyi ha-, seselan –in-, seselan –um-, tembung kawi, dan diksi religiusitas. Ketiga, terjadinya perubahan wacana pidato perkawinan disebabkan oleh perubahan konteks yang melatarbelakanginya. Konteks dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan situasi atau suasana yang berlangsung dalam upacara tersebut.  Speech in the Javanese wedding ceremony is important part in the Javanese tradition. But, as a unit of discourse, structure, and culture content in speech have several problems. This study aims to explain language usage, language aesthetics and speech discourse changes. This study used the sosiolinguistic approach that accompanied by the discourse analysis. This study used the object and/or data of the oral story about wedding speech (PP: pidato perkawinan) that gathered and documented as long as the study was conducted. The stories taken as data were documented from the direct stories in the wedding ceremony that performed by the Javanese in the area of Yogyakarta. The analysis results performed to the data could describe and explain several problems of this study. First, the spoken language in the wedding ceremony in the Javanese people were the Javanese, the Indonesian, and the mixed language between them called Jawindo (Javanese-Indonesian). Second, the aesthethics elements used in the wedding speech discourse that we found successfully were: tembung saroja, tembung garba, yogyaswara, keratabasa, tembung entar, paribasan, bebasan, saloka, pepindhan, pralambang, purwakanthi, panambang bunyi ha-, seselan -in-, seselan -um-, tembung kawi, and religious diction. Third, the change of the wedding speech discourse was happened because of the change of the underlying context. Context in this case related to the situation and ambience during the ceremony.

Development of Spoken Language User Interfaces: A Tool Kit Approach

2006 ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Alam ◽  
Ahmad Fuad ◽  
Rezaur Rahman ◽  
Timotius Tjahjadi ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Language User

scholarly journals Politeness in the Use of Language in Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Oktiva Herry Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Pattern Language ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Participatory Observation

The use of social media in communication changes the way people express the idea represented through their language. This study aims to seek for the form of communication patterns in social media and to reveal causes of specific pattern language usage found in media, especially in office domain. The study was conducted using descriptive qualitative by describing the results of observations, interviews, and documentation. The data were collected by non-participatory observation method and note taking technique. Based on the results of the analysis of the data, it can be concluded that the communication patterns are realized in the form of: (1) various forms of language which do not meet the standard language, (2) the use of other non-verbal representations, such as emoticon, and (3) ecrononciation, that is, writing the spoken language. The choice of utterances is affected by relative status, social distance and range of imposition. As communicating to others, most utterances represent the obedience to politeness maxim, namely be friendly (sumanak), be considerate (tepa slira), suitable topic to event (empan papan), and pleasant voice true and good temper (nuju prana).

scholarly journals Translator behaviour and language usage: some constraints on contrastive studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (26) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ian Mason
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Machine Readable

This article concerns the phenomenon of junction, a cohesive device for signalling inter-clausal or inter-sentential relations, and its translation. The predominant finding of recent French-English contrastive studies on the topic of junction has been that, whereas there is a trend to junction-less juxtaposition in French, explicit co-ordination is preferred in English. Doubts concerning the universal validity of such a norm constitute the motivation for this study, which aims to consider:(1) the status of translator behaviour as evidence of norms of language behaviour;(2) the status of contrastive linguistics within translation studies.Examples of translations of writings by Albert Camus are then discussed in an attempt to show that translators’ decisions are sensitive to a number of contextual factors including genre, discourse and text type. My conclusions lead me to suggest some limitations on the use of quantitative studies within translation studies, including those based on analysis of machine-readable corpora.

Construction Grammar and spoken language: The case of pragmatic particles

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1752-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Fried ◽  
Jan-Ola Östman
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Construction Grammar

A usage-based study of the just me construction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinchun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Alternative Question ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects

AbstractA number of recent studies have emphasized the need for Construction Grammar to address the discourse-pragmatic characteristics of grammatical constructions. Much of how Construction Grammar incorporates pragmatic considerations of contextual factors into its descriptions of speakers’ linguistic knowledge remains to be worked out. In order to take a step towards that goal, this corpus-based study presents the just me construction and analyzes it from compositional, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. The study first delivers an in-depth description of the constrained and conventionalized composition of the construction. Then it proposes that the intricate semantic content is the result of formal and conceptual blending of the alternative question construction and the truncated it-cleft construction. Third, the pragmatic aspects of the just me construction are analyzed in terms of its hedging function, possible response patterns, and the conventionalized nature of its non-compositional meaning. All contribute to the recognition of the just me construction as a symbolic unit in the grammar of English. In conclusion, after a summary of the points made in previous sections, the insights gleaned from the present case study will be used to reflect in more general terms on the role of pragmatic considerations of contextual factors in Construction Grammar.

Konstruktionen in der kommunikativen Praxis. Zur Notwendigkeit einer interaktionalen Anreicherung konstruktionsgrammatischer Ansätze

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Günthner
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Communicative Practice ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Grammatical Structures

AbstractThe following contribution is dedicated to questions about the interface between interactionally based studies on the grammar of everyday language use and “usage-based” approaches from Construction Grammar.Studies of grammatical structures in interactional use make it clear that concepts of grammar which assume homogeneous, static categories are only partly suitable for the description of spoken language, since grammatical structures in communicative practice are more heterogeneous, open and context dependent than postulated. At the same time, these analyses show that prefabricated patterns form an important means of solving communicative tasks precisely in oral communication, which takes place under time pressure. These factors make usage-based approaches from Construction Grammar attractive as a framework for a practically oriented examination of grammar, though many divergences exist all the same.On the basis of empirical analyses of pseudo-clefts and

scholarly journals Spoken language usage events

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN CIENKI
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Linguistic Units

abstractAs an explicitly usage-based model of language structure (Barlow & Kemmer, 2000), cognitive grammar draws on the notion of ‘usage events’ of language as the starting point from which linguistic units are schematized by language users. To be true to this claim for spoken languages, phenomena such as non-lexical sounds, intonation patterns, and certain uses of gesture should be taken into account to the degree to which they constitute the phonological pole of signs, paired in entrenched ways with conceptual content. Following through on this view of usage events also means realizing the gradable nature of signs. In addition, taking linguistic meaning as consisting of not only conceptual content but also a particular way of construing that content (Langacker, 2008, p. 43), we find that the forms of expression mentioned above play a prominent role in highlighting the ways in which speakers construe what they are talking about, in terms of different degrees of specificity, focusing, prominence, and perspective. Viewed in this way, usage events of spoken language are quite different in nature from those of written language, a point which highlights the need for differentiated accounts of the grammar of these two forms of expression taken by many languages.

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