scholarly journals Optimal Algorithms for Computing Average Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
S. Foucart ◽  
M. Hielsberg ◽  
G. L. Mullendore ◽  
G. Petrova ◽  
P. Wojtaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Generic Models ◽  
Average Global Temperature ◽  
A Priori Bound ◽  
Average Precipitation

AbstractA numerical algorithm is presented for computing average global temperature (or other quantities of interest such as average precipitation) from measurements taken at speci_ed locations and times. The algorithm is proven to be in a certain sense optimal. The analysis of the optimal algorithm provides a sharp a priori bound on the error between the computed value and the true average global temperature. This a priori bound involves a computable compatibility constant which assesses the quality of the measurements for the chosen model. The optimal algorithm is constructed by solving a convex minimization problem and involves a set of functions selected a priori in relation to the model. It is shown that the solution promotes sparsity and hence utilizes a smaller number of well-chosen data sites than those provided. The algorithm is then applied to canonical data sets and mathematically generic models for the computation of average temperature and average precipitation over given regions and given time intervals. A comparison is provided between the proposed algorithms and existing methods.

scholarly journals Optimal Numerical Integration

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
V.K. Zadiraka ◽  
L.V. Luts ◽  
I.V. Shvidchenko
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
A Priori Estimates ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Total Error ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Quadrature Formulas ◽  
Priori Estimates ◽  
Oscillating Functions

Introduction. In many applied problems, such as statistical data processing, digital filtering, computed tomography, pattern recognition, and many others, there is a need for numerical integration, moreover, with a given (often quite high) accuracy. Classical quadrature formulas cannot always provide the required accuracy, since, as a rule, they do not take into account the oscillation of the integrand. In this regard, the development of methods for constructing optimal in accuracy (and close to them) quadrature formulas for the integration of rapidly oscillating functions is rather important and topical problem of computational mathematics. The purpose of the article is to use the example of constructing optimal in accuracy (and close to them) quadrature formulas for calculating integrals for integrands of various degrees of smoothness and for oscillating factors of different types and constructing a priori estimates of their total error, as well as applying to them of the theory of testing the quality of algorithms-programs to create a theory of optimal numerical integration. Results. The optimal in accuracy (and close to them) quadrature formulas for calculating the Fourier transform, wavelet transforms, and Bessel transform were constructed both in the classical formulation of the problem and for interpolation classes of functions corresponding to the case when the information operator about the integrand is given by a fixed table of its values. The paper considers a passive pure minimax strategy for solving the problem. Within the framework of this strategy, we used the method of “caps” by N. S. Bakhvalov and the method of boundary functions developed at the V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine. Great attention is paid to the quality of the error estimates and the methods to obtain them. The article describes some aspects of the theory of algorithms-programs testing and presents the results of testing the constructed quadrature formulas for calculating integrals of rapidly oscillating functions and estimates of their characteristics. The problem of determining the ranges of admissible values of control parameters of programs for calculating integrals with the required accuracy, as well as their best values for integration with the minimum possible error, is considered for programs calculating a priori estimates of characteristics. Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to create a theory of optimal integration, which makes it possible to reasonably choose and efficiently use computational resources to find the value of the integral with a given accuracy or with the minimum possible error. Keywords: quadrature formula, optimal algorithm, interpolation class, rapidly oscillating function, quality testing.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF CONTOUR LINES INTERPOLATION OPTIMAL METHODS FOR E-GOVERNMENT SOLUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
A. Noskov ◽  
A. Zipf
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Contour Line ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Important Challenge

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Citizens expect high quality and rich e-Government solutions. Map based applications could be significantly improved by utilization of digital elevation models (DEMs). DEMs can be produced using expensive modern remote sensing solutions (e.g., LIDAR). Such data are not available for the wide public. Thus, it is very effective to use contour line maps to derive high-quality DEMs. For many cities around the world, contour line maps available under liberal licenses. Defining an optimal algorithm of contour line interpolation and evaluation of the quality of DEM is an important challenge. In this article, we propose a simple method allowing users to evaluate the quality of DEM produced from a contour line map and define an optimal interpolation algorithm. This method was tested on Turin (Italy) data sets. The results were proved by a visual analysis. The approach is utilized in existing e-Government WebGIS services. This work introduces an information theory-based approach to DEM quality assessment. The results can be utilized in various domains related to DEM quality assurance.</p>

Empirical Evidence Supporting the Use of Multiple Choice Models in Analyzing a Population

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Gensch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Choice Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Data Sets

Standard practice in the application of disaggregate choice models is to assume all members of a (sample) population use the same basic decision process, and thus to employ one disaggregate choice model to analyze an entire population. The author suggests that not all decision makers use the same basic decision process on a given choice and that there are variables by which a sample can be partitioned a priori into segments assumed to be using different choice processes. The use of multiple disaggregate choice models, each model fitting the choice process assumptions of a segment, should improve both the predictive accuracy and the quality of the diagnostic information provided. Empirical information from two separate data sets tends to support strongly the approach of using multiple disaggregate choice models on a given (sample) population.

Trust in the Police: Cross-country Comparisons

2012 ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Police Activity

Using different cross-country data sets and simple econometric techniques we study public attitudes towards the police. More positive attitudes are more likely to emerge in the countries that have better functioning democratic institutions, less prone to corruption but enjoy more transparent and accountable police activity. This has a stronger impact on the public opinion (trust and attitudes) than objective crime rates or density of policemen. Citizens tend to trust more in those (policemen) with whom they share common values and can have some control over. The latter is a function of democracy. In authoritarian countries — “police states” — this tendency may not work directly. When we move from semi-authoritarian countries to openly authoritarian ones the trust in the police measured by surveys can also rise. As a result, the trust appears to be U-shaped along the quality of government axis. This phenomenon can be explained with two simple facts. First, publicly spread information concerning police activity in authoritarian countries is strongly controlled; second, the police itself is better controlled by authoritarian regimes which are afraid of dangerous (for them) erosion of this institution.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

scholarly journals Physiological parameters of mental health predict the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms in physicians treating COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dolev ◽  
S. Zubedat ◽  
Z. Brand ◽  
B. Bloch ◽  
E. Mader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractLack of established knowledge and treatment strategies, and change in work environment, may altogether critically affect the mental health and functioning of physicians treating COVID-19 patients. Thus, we examined whether treating COVID-19 patients affect the physicians’ mental health differently compared with physicians treating non-COVID-19 patients. In this cohort study, an association was blindly computed between physiologically measured anxiety and attention vigilance (collected from 1 May 2014 to 31 May 31 2016) and self-reports of anxiety, mental health aspects, and sleep quality (collected from 20 April to 30 June 2020, and analyzed from 1 July to 1 September 2020), of 91 physicians treating COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 patients. As a priori hypothesized, physicians treating COVID-19 patients showed a relative elevation in both physiological measures of anxiety (95% CI: 2317.69–2453.44 versus 1982.32–2068.46; P < 0.001) and attention vigilance (95% CI: 29.85–34.97 versus 22.84–26.61; P < 0.001), compared with their colleagues treating non-COVID-19 patients. At least 3 months into the pandemic, physicians treating COVID-19 patients reported high anxiety and low quality of sleep. Machine learning showed clustering to the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 subgroups with a high correlation mainly between physiological and self-reported anxiety, and between physiologically measured anxiety and sleep duration. To conclude, the pattern of attention vigilance, heightened anxiety, and reduced sleep quality findings point the need for mental intervention aimed at those physicians susceptible to develop post-traumatic stress symptoms, owing to the consequences of fighting at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Survey Data Quality in Analyzing Harmonized Indicators of Protest Behavior: A Survey Data Recycling Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110216
Author(s):  
Kazimierz M. Slomczynski ◽  
Irina Tomescu-Dubrow ◽  
Ilona Wysmulek
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Survey Quality ◽  
Survey Error ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact

This article proposes a new approach to analyze protest participation measured in surveys of uneven quality. Because single international survey projects cover only a fraction of the world’s nations in specific periods, researchers increasingly turn to ex-post harmonization of different survey data sets not a priori designed as comparable. However, very few scholars systematically examine the impact of the survey data quality on substantive results. We argue that the variation in source data, especially deviations from standards of survey documentation, data processing, and computer files—proposed by methodologists of Total Survey Error, Survey Quality Monitoring, and Fitness for Intended Use—is important for analyzing protest behavior. In particular, we apply the Survey Data Recycling framework to investigate the extent to which indicators of attending demonstrations and signing petitions in 1,184 national survey projects are associated with measures of data quality, controlling for variability in the questionnaire items. We demonstrate that the null hypothesis of no impact of measures of survey quality on indicators of protest participation must be rejected. Measures of survey documentation, data processing, and computer records, taken together, explain over 5% of the intersurvey variance in the proportions of the populations attending demonstrations or signing petitions.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of a Transport Company in the Aspect of Car Vehicle Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rykała ◽  
Łukasz Rykała
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the issues of transport of bulk materials. The knowledge of this process has a key impact on the rational planning of transport tasks. It is necessary to have knowledge about the transport services market and the competition that exists in it. In order to achieve a competitive advantage on the market, enterprises should analyze data on the implementation of transport tasks on an ongoing basis. It is also important that the costs incurred from the conducted activity are minimized, while increasing the quality of services and taking into account the sustainable development of the enterprise. The study analyzes data from a few selected motor vehicles in the period of 3 years of operation, coming from an enterprise specializing in the transport of bulk materials. Moreover, a global sensitivity analysis was performed based on a neural model describing the impact of the analyzed factors on the company’s profit. The results show that the most important factors influencing the company’s profit are the fuel consumption of individual vehicles, the driver (driving style) and the month (average temperature, weather conditions).

scholarly journals Plasma Cleaning Improves the Image Quality of Serial Block-face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBFSEM) Volumetric Data Sets

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1266-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Armbruster ◽  
Christopher Booth ◽  
Stuart Searle ◽  
Michael Cable ◽  
Ronald Vane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Plasma Cleaning ◽  
Volumetric Data ◽  
Face Scanning ◽  
Block Face ◽  
Scanning Electron
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