scholarly journals Advances in exploiting the degrees of freedom in nanostructured metasurface design: from 1 to 3 to more

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3699-3731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zile Li ◽  
Shaohua Yu ◽  
Guoxing Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Communications ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electromagnetic Responses ◽  
Anisotropic Nanostructures

AbstractThe unusual electromagnetic responses of nanostructured metasurfaces endow them with an ability to manipulate the four fundamental properties (amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency) of lightwave at the subwavelength scale. Based on this, in the past several years, a lot of innovative optical elements and devices, such as metagratings, metalens, metaholograms, printings, vortex beam generators, or even their combinations, have been proposed, which have greatly empowered the advanced research and applications of metasurfaces in many fields. Behind these achievements are scientists’ continuous exploration of new physics and degrees of freedom in nanostructured metasurface design. This review will focus on the progress on the design of different nanostructured metasurfaces for lightwave manipulation, including by varying/fixing the dimensions and/or orientations of isotropic/anisotropic nanostructures, which can therefore provide various functionalities for different applications. Exploiting the design degrees of freedom of optical metasurfaces provides great flexibility in the design of multifunctional and multiplexing devices, which can be applied in anticounterfeiting, information encoding and hiding, high-density optical storage, multichannel imaging and displays, sensing, optical communications, and many other related fields.

Recent advances in optical metasurfaces for polarization detection and engineered polarization profiles

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuttana Intaravanne ◽  
Xianzhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Communications ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Quantum Science ◽  
Polarization Profiles ◽  
Polarization Detection ◽  
A Current

AbstractLike amplitude, phase and frequency, polarization is one of the fundamental properties of light, which can be used to record, process and store information. Optical metasurfaces are ultrathin inhomogeneous media with planar nanostructures that can manipulate the optical properties of light at the subwavelength scale, which have become a current subject of intense research due to the desirable control of light propagation. The unprecedented capability of optical metasurfaces in the manipulation of the light’s polarization at subwavelength resolution has provided an unusual approach for polarization detection and arbitrary manipulation of polarization profiles. A compact metasurface platform has been demonstrated to detect polarization information of a light beam and to arbitrarily engineer a polarization profile that is very difficult or impossible to realize with conventional optical elements. This review will focus on the recent progress on ultrathin metasurface devices for polarization detection and realization of customized polarization profiles. Optical metasurfaces have provided new opportunities for polarization detection and manipulation, which can facilitate real-world deployment of polarization-related devices and systems in various research fields, including sensing, imaging, encryption, optical communications, quantum science, and fundamental physics.

scholarly journals The emerging technology of biohybrid micro-robots: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zening Lin ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Jianzhong Shang
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Prevalence ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
Living Tissues

Abstract In the past few decades, robotics research has witnessed an increasingly high interest in miniaturized, intelligent, and integrated robots. The imperative component of a robot is the actuator that determines its performance. Although traditional rigid drives such as motors and gas engines have shown great prevalence in most macroscale circumstances, the reduction of these drives to the millimeter or even lower scale results in a significant increase in manufacturing difficulty accompanied by a remarkable performance decline. Biohybrid robots driven by living cells can be a potential solution to overcome these drawbacks by benefiting from the intrinsic microscale self-assembly of living tissues and high energy efficiency, which, among other unprecedented properties, also feature flexibility, self-repair, and even multiple degrees of freedom. This paper systematically reviews the development of biohybrid robots. First, the development of biological flexible drivers is introduced while emphasizing on their advantages over traditional drivers. Second, up-to-date works regarding biohybrid robots are reviewed in detail from three aspects: biological driving sources, actuator materials, and structures with associated control methodologies. Finally, the potential future applications and major challenges of biohybrid robots are explored. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Does Neonatal Imitation Exist? Insights From a Meta-Analysis of 336 Effect Sizes

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162095983
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Davis ◽  
Jonathan Redshaw ◽  
Thomas Suddendorf ◽  
Mark Nielsen ◽  
Siobhan Kennedy-Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Neonatal imitation is a cornerstone in many theoretical accounts of human development and social behavior, yet its existence has been debated for the past 40 years. To examine possible explanations for the inconsistent findings in this body of research, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis synthesizing 336 effect sizes from 33 independent samples of human newborns, reported in 26 articles. The meta-analysis found significant evidence for neonatal imitation ( d = 0.68, 95% CI = [0.39, 0.96], p < .001) but substantial heterogeneity between study estimates. This heterogeneity was not explained by any of 13 methodological moderators identified by previous reviews, but it was associated with researcher affiliation, test of moderators ( QM) (15) = 57.09, p < .001. There are at least two possible explanations for these results: (a) Neonatal imitation exists and its detection varies as a function of uncaptured methodological factors common to a limited set of studies, and (2) neonatal imitation does not exist and the overall positive result is an artifact of high researcher degrees of freedom.

scholarly journals Dark Photon Searches at BESIII

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1860046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Decay Modes ◽  
Dark Photon ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Mass

Many models beyond the Standard Model, motivated by the recent astrophysical anomalies, predict a new type of weak-interacting degrees of freedom. Typical models include the possibility of the low-mass dark gauge bosons of a few GeV and thus making them accessible at the BESIII experiment running at the tau-charm region. The BESIII has recently searched such dark bosons in several decay modes using the high statistics data set collected at charmonium resonaces. This talk will summarize the recent BESIII results of these dark photon searches and related new physics studies.

scholarly journals Multi-stable composite twisting structure for morphing applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 468 (2141) ◽  
pp. 1230-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lachenal ◽  
P. M. Weaver ◽  
S. Daynes
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphing Structure ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Unstable States

Conventional shape-changing engineering structures use discrete parts articulated around a number of linkages. Each part carries the loads, and the articulations provide the degrees of freedom of the system, leading to heavy and complex mechanisms. Consequently, there has been increased interest in morphing structures over the past decade owing to their potential to combine the conflicting requirements of strength, flexibility and low mass. This article presents a novel type of morphing structure capable of large deformations, simply consisting of two pre-stressed flanges joined to introduce two stable configurations. The bistability is analysed through a simple analytical model, predicting the positions of the stable and unstable states for different design parameters and material properties. Good correlation is found between experimental results, finite-element modelling and predictions from the analytical model for one particular example. A wide range of design parameters and material properties is also analytically investigated, yielding a remarkable structure with zero stiffness along the twisting axis.

scholarly journals Entanglement-enhanced matter-wave interferometry in a high-finesse cavity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Thompson ◽  
Graham Greve ◽  
Chengyi Luo ◽  
Baochen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cavity Qed ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Matter Wave ◽  
Quantum Limit ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Standard Quantum ◽  
Standard Quantum Limit

Abstract Entanglement is a fundamental resource that allows quantum sensors to surpass the standard quantum limit set by the quantum collapse of independent atoms. Collective cavity-QED systems have succeeded in generating large amounts of directly observed entanglement involving the internal degrees of freedom of laser-cooled atomic ensembles. Here we demonstrate cavity-QED entanglement of external degrees of freedom to realize a matter-wave interferometer of 700 atoms in which each individual atom falls freely under gravity and simultaneously traverses two paths through space while also entangled with the other atoms. We demonstrate both quantum non-demolition measurements and cavity-mediated spin interactions for generating squeezed momentum states with directly observed metrological gain 3.4^{+1.1}_{-0.9} dB and 2.5^{+0.6}_{-0.6} dB below the standard quantum limit respectively. An entangled state is for the first time successfully injected into a Mach-Zehnder light-pulse interferometer with 1.7^{+0.5}_{-0.5} dB of directly observed metrological enhancement. These results open a new path for combining particle delocalization and entanglement for inertial sensors, searches for new physics, particles, and fields, future advanced gravitational wave detectors, and accessing beyond mean-field quantum many-body physics.

scholarly journals Kinetic electronics: Monolithic processing of a layered flexible robotic actuator film for simple film microrobot fabrication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Zhang ◽  
Joseph Wang ◽  
Kenshi Hayashi ◽  
Fumihiro Sassa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cmos Compatible ◽  
Simple Film

Abstract Low-invasive soft robotic techniques can potentially be used for developing next-generation body–machine interfaces. Most soft robots require complicated fabrication processes involving 3D printing and bonding/assembling. In this letter, we describe a monolithic soft microrobot fabrication process for the mass production of soft film robots with a complex structure by simple 2D processing of a robotic actuator film. The 45 μg/mm^2 lightweight film robot can be driven at a voltage of CMOS compatible 5 V with 0.15 mm^-1 large curvature changes; it can generate a force 5.7 times greater than its self-weight. In a durability test, actuation could be carried out over 8000 times without degradation. To further demonstrate this technique, three types of film robots with multiple degrees of freedom and moving illuminator robot were fabricated. This technique can easily integrate various electrical circuits developed in the past to robotic systems and can be used for developing advanced wearable sensing devices; It can be called “Kinetic electronics.”

Modelling and Simulation of a Isoglide T3R1 Parallel Robot

2010 ◽  
Vol 166-167 ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Dan Verdes ◽  
Radu Balan ◽  
Máthé Koppány
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Parallel Robot ◽  
Parallel Robots ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Medical Robots ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control ◽  
Workspace Design ◽  
Human Systems

Parallel robots find many applications in human-systems interaction, medical robots, rehabilitation, exoskeletons, to name a few. These applications are characterized by many imperatives, with robust precision and dynamic workspace computation as the two ultimate ones. This paper presents kinematic analysis, workspace, design and control to 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) parallel robots. Parallel robots have received considerable attention from both researchers and manufacturers over the past years because of their potential for high stiffness, low inertia and high speed capability. Therefore, the 3 DOF translation parallel robots provide high potential and good prospects for their practical implementation in human-systems interaction.

Fundamental properties of surface waves in lossless stratified structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 466 (2120) ◽  
pp. 2447-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Valerio ◽  
David R. Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Galli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Dispersion Equation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Layered Structures ◽  
Graphical Solution ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Permittivity And Permeability ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

This paper is focused on dispersive properties of lossless planar layered structures with media having positive constitutive parameters (permittivity and permeability), possibly uniaxially anisotropic. Some of these properties have been derived in the past with reference to specific simple layered structures, and are here established with more general proofs, valid for arbitrary layered structures with positive parameters. As a first step, a simple application of the Smith chart to the relevant dispersion equation is used to prove that evanescent (or plasmonic-type) waves cannot be supported by layers with positive parameters. The main part of the paper is then focused on a generalization of a common graphical solution of the dispersion equation, in order to derive some general properties about the behaviour of the wavenumbers of surface waves as a function of frequency. The wavenumbers normalized with respect to frequency are shown to be always increasing with frequency, and at high frequency they tend to the highest refractive index in the layers. Moreover, two surface waves with the same polarization cannot have the same wavenumber at a given frequency. The low-frequency behaviours are also briefly addressed. The results are derived by means of a suitable application of Foster’s theorem.

New Physics: Sae Mulli, the Past 60 Years and the Next 60 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyeon KO
Keyword(s):  
New Physics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Korean Physical Society ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of

The first issue of the journal “New Physics: Sae Mulli”, one of the representative journals of the Korean Physical Society, was published in May 1961. Since then, Sae Mulli has evolved as an important platform for sharing new findings with those members belonging to the Korean Physical Society. This article presents a brief review of the history of this journal. It also includes the current status of and prospects for this journal.

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