scholarly journals Online Tribes and Digital Authority: What Can Social Theory Bring to Digital Archaeology?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna-Jane Richardson ◽  
Simon Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Digital Archaeology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Intellectual Power ◽  
Critical Consideration

Abstract From early discussions of the disruptive potential of computer technologies for archaeological applications, to the present era of digital archaeology as the technical underpinning of modern archaeological practice, we have continued to debate the potential impacts of digital communication and digital capture and storage on our knowledge, profession and communications. The increased use of digital tools and methods for archaeological research and dissemination, as well as what Roosevelt (2015) has referred to as the shift to the digital paradigm within archaeological practice, leads us to suggest that the impact of this paradigm shift requires careful and critical examination. This article will examine the edges of the disciplines of archaeology and sociology, where we aim to advance our understanding of the relationship between digital technologies and archaeological knowledge from a uniquely social perspective, using the theoretical approaches of both classic and modern sociologists. The application of this lens of sociology to digital archaeology equips us to understand how archaeology and archaeological practice is situated in a social world, which is especially relevant in the Global West, where digital technology is ubiquitous. Through a critical consideration of the complexity of use of digital technologies within digital archaeology, we can begin to shift our focus away from the character and method of tools and workflow, to the background of intellectual power and influence.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

scholarly journals أثر التقنية في الحكم الشرعي للبتكوين في ضوء العلاقة بينها وبين سلسلة الثقة

Jurnal Fiqh ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-168
Author(s):  
Louai Dibo al Mamar ◽  
Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif ◽  
Luqman Abdullah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rapid Transformation ◽  
Inductive Analysis

Due to the rapid transformation of the digitization era, we witness the emergence of some products in conjunction with the transformation. Especially, from the financial perspective, Bitcoin is one of the most remarkable examples of digital cryptocurrencies based on blockchain. The research problem of this study revolves around the concept of blockchain and its impact on the Shariah ruling for Bitcoin. Thus, this study aims to analyze the relationship between blockchain and cryptocurrencies to address the impact of Shariah ruling in digital technologies. To obtain the objectives of this research, a descriptive and inductive analysis approach is adopted. The findings of the study show that blockchain technology is worthy of benefits while it has advantages as well as disadvantages that require to be resolved. The Shariah ruling of blockchain depends on its applications, and it (Shariah ruling) varies from case to case since it is a tool and open source for all. In addition, considering the strength of technology and its advantages does not suffice to consider that technology being permissible from the Shariah perspective.

scholarly journals Determining the impact of digitalization on the economic security of trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (13 (114)) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Tetiana Zubko ◽  
Iryna Hanechko ◽  
Oksana Trubei ◽  
Kostyantyn Afanasyev
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The modern system of relations between countries is being transformed with the spread of digitalization. Accordingly, there is a need to study the practical aspects of digitalization of trade as a major component of international relations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of digitalization processes on the performance and economic security of trade. The main directions for the development of digitalization in trade were determined and the influence of digital technologies on the economic security of trade entities (enterprises) was investigated. The main components of the economic security of trade enterprises were identified. The main difficulties in the development of the digital economy were highlighted. The main directions for the development of digitalization of trade enterprises were determined. The list of factors that most influence the formation of trade turnover was substantiated: income of the population, number of trade workers, inventories, producer price indices, digital technologies (telecommunications, data processing, etc.). Methods of economic statistics (statistical observation, dynamic and structural analysis) were used to test the hypothesis of the relationship between informatization and economic security of trade enterprises. Methods of correlation and regression analysis were used to study the strength of the relationship between the volume of turnover and the factors that determine it. Based on the modeling, a statistically significant relationship was identified between the indicators of the volume of information and related services and trade volumes, which confirms the dependence of the economic security of trade enterprises on digitalization. The proposal to supplement the already existing methodology for assessing the economic security of the trade enterprise with indicators reflecting the impact of digital technologies was justified. The results of the study can be useful for adapting strategies for the development of trade enterprises in the context of the global digital ecosystem.

scholarly journals Digitalization of Economy and Education: Path to Business Leadership and National Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Vladyslav V. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Business Leadership ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Economy And Education ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article summarizes the areas of research on the integration of digitalization of the economy and education with the areas of business leadership and national security. The main purpose of the study is to determine the contextual characteristics that accompany the development of digitalization of the economy and digitalization of education and their impact on business development and the formation of national security. Existing theoretical and empirical research demonstrates meaningful links between the digitalization of education and the economy, business leadership and national security. The analysis showed that scientific interest in studying the digitalization of education and the economy continues to grow at the present stage, while research on national security and business leadership is currently declining. Bibliometric analysis shows that the relationship between the digitalization of the economy and education with business leadership can be traced in functional areas. On the other hand, the impact of the digitalization of the economy and education on national security can be identified by structural components. One should note that the evolution of scientific research is characterized by the transition from the study of individual structural elements and the penetration of digital technologies into the economy to identify areas for efficiency through digital and information technology. The analysis results provide a scientific basis for further research on key determinants of the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies in the economy and education, as well as the study of national security.

scholarly journals The impact of digital technologies on the interaction of government and business in the process of technology transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1 SI) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Yevhenii Yefimov
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The report states that the presence of digital technologies in the modern world is a normal, everyday phenomenon. Modern humanity cannot imagine its life without digital technologies. Confirmation of the words is the rapid deployment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), which radically changes not only the technical, technological capabilities of production, but also the very way of life. The latest technologies are changing entire sectфors of the economy, changing forms of employment, business models, the relationship between capital and labor, the structure of forms of capital. In this regard, the main purpose of this report is to determine the role of digital technologies, which they have an impact on the interaction of technology transfer actors: business and government.

scholarly journals A Manifesto for an Introspective Digital Archaeology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Huggett
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Knowledge ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper presents a grand challenge for Digital Archaeology of a different kind: it is not technical in and of itself, it does not seek out technological solutions for archaeological problems, it does not propose new digital tools or digital methodologies as such. Instead, it proposes a broader challenge, one which addresses the very stuff of archaeology: an understanding of how digital technologies influence and alter our relationships with data, from their creation and storage ultimately through to the construction of archaeological knowledge. It argues that currently this area is under-theorised, under-represented, and under-valued, yet it is increasingly fundamental to the way in which we arrive at an understanding of the past.

Poverty and interpersonal violence

2018 ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
T. A. Supraja ◽  
D. Padmavathy ◽  
Prabha S. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this chapter is to provide a theoretical and conceptual understanding of poverty and interpersonal violence and to offer insights into strategies that be used in working with different groups of people facing these issues. The chapter discusses the definitions and classifications of interpersonal violence. It moves on to explain the relationship between poverty and interpersonal violence and to examine the same based on existing theoretical approaches. The impact of these factors on persons across the lifespan is outlined followed by a section describing specific interventions that have been implemented with various groups faced with challenges due to poverty and interpersonal violence. Recommendations for future work regarding these issues are given.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Life Writing and Young Adult Media Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. BB24-BB39
Author(s):  
Hannah Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Fan Fiction ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the impact of digital technologies on the production of life writing texts and media for and by young adults. Five categories in total are examined: (i) Fan Fiction, (ii) life simulator games, (iii) SNS (social networking sites), (iv) VR (virtual reality) documentaries and (v) Webtoons. The article begins by synthesising numerous critical studies on children’s and digital life writing, before analysing two IVR (immersive virtual reality) documentaries in depth. It concludes by discussing the relationship between these on-the-go, online and immersive VR modes and fantasised futures, narratives of extremity and the slice of life genre.

scholarly journals Analyzing the impact of groundwater flow and storage changes on Budyko relationships across the continental US

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Condon ◽  
Reed M. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. We use a transient, integrated groundwater surface water simulation of the majority of the continental US to evaluate the impacts of groundwater surface water exchanges on Budyko relationships for roughly 25,000 nested watersheds ranging in sized from 100 km2 to over 3,000,000 km2. The simulation spans a single water year with varying degrees of storage change and trans-watershed lateral flow throughout the domain. This provides a test bed for evaluating the role of realistic groundwater storage changes across a range of climates and physical settings within a rigorous computational framework in which every watershed's water balance component can be fully defined. Budyko curves are compared using (1) the standard simplification where evapotranspiration is calculated as the difference between precipitation and outflow, (2) the case in which evapotranspiration is directly measured (or simulated) and (3) a modified approach where groundwater contributions are accounted for with the incoming precipitation. Results show that for all three cases, large watersheds still converge around the Budyko curve despite the fact that the equilibrium assumption is violated. However, the best results are found when groundwater interactions are directly accounted for. While the two standard approaches for inferring or directly measuring evapotranspiration still generate Budyko type behavior, the parameters of the curves vary systematically with groundwater contributions and the relationship between curve parameters and groundwater surface water exchanges is fundamentally different between approaches. This results in contradictory spatial patterns depending on the calculation method and highlights the importance of evaluating uncertainty in the equilibrium assumption for any Budyko analysis, especially those that seek to attribute variability in curve parameters to physical characteristics. Finally, the shape parameter is evaluated as a function of scale and large, continental scale basins are shown to converge onto a single Budyko relationship.

Digital Technologies for Mental Health Improvements in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Intervention Participant ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Automatic Search ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Digital technologies have been used to support mental health services for two decades, but the COVID-19 pandemic creates a unique opportunity for greater utilization and more data-driven assessment of these digital technologies. OBJECTIVE This research aims to provide a systematic review of the characteristics and effectiveness of digital inventions that were employed to improve mental health in the real context of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A combination of search terms was applied for automatic search of publications in the relevant databases. The key features of included studies were extracted, including the intervention, participant, and study details. RESULTS A total of 14 eligible studies were included in the final review, which were conducted across different geographic regions and among diverse cultural groups. Ten studies mainly examined the impact of digital technologies on healthy individuals, while only one study developed specific interventions for the isolated COVID-19 depressed patients in hospitals. Digital technologies identified in this study mainly include web-based interventions, smartphone or social media applications such as SMS messages, mobile games, and even video conferencing app. But only five of them were aligned with theoretical approaches from standardized psychological treatments. Most of the studies have reported positive effects of digital technologies, either on improving general mental and emotional well-being or addressing specific conditions (e.g., depression, loneliness). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that digital technologies hold promise in bridging the mental health-care gap during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and calls for more rigorous studies to identify pertinent features that are likely to achieve more effective mental health outcomes.

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