scholarly journals A Quantitative Study of the Linear Pottery Culture Cemetery “Aiterhofen-Ödmühle”

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 972-985
Author(s):  
Yanik Hahnekamp
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Image Database ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grave Good ◽  
Good Equipment

Abstract This article emphasises on the results of the master´s thesis “Burials in Bytes. A Quantitative Study of Linear Pottery Cemeteries in Austria, Bohemia, Moravia and Southern Germany” and further elaborates on interpretations of identified patterns at Early Neolithic cemeteries. The focus will lie on the Lower Bavarian site “Aiterhofen-Ödmühle.” Although the cemetery was subject to different analyses and interdisciplinary research in the past, there are still unsolved issues regarding chronology, structure, meaning of the local mortuary rites and rules, and its significance in the superregional context. The study utilised data acquisition via the Montelius image database and quantitative methods performed through the softwares WinSerion and Google Mapper. These data consisted of various typologies and classifications, while several variations of correspondence analysis, seriation, Analysis N Next Neighbours, and the creation of distribution maps have been involved in the process of evaluation. The results of the evaluations of Aiterhofen-Ödmühle favour a chronological south–north progression. Inhumations and cremations differ in grave good equipment, potentially representing contrasts in gender distribution. Spatial groupings are distinguishable through their properties – open to various ways of interpretation and comparable to clusters of other cemeteries. Differences regarding age and sex were also highlighted. Overall, Aiterhofen-Ödmühle stands out among Early Neolithic cemeteries through region-specific grave goods and death gesture, local peculiarities, variation of burial types, and its site structure. Similarities to other sites include characteristic Linear Pottery traits, although less obvious connections can also be recognised through the quantitative evaluations. Instead of rigid funerary rules, dynamic and flexible rites are suggested.

An historical analysis of species references in American English

Corpora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-349
Author(s):  
Craig Frayne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
American English ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
Google Books

This study uses the two largest available American English language corpora, Google Books and the Corpus of Historical American English (coha), to investigate relations between ecology and language. The paper introduces ecolinguistics as a promising theme for corpus research. While some previous ecolinguistic research has used corpus approaches, there is a case to be made for quantitative methods that draw on larger datasets. Building on other corpus studies that have made connections between language use and environmental change, this paper investigates whether linguistic references to other species have changed in the past two centuries and, if so, how. The methodology consists of two main parts: an examination of the frequency of common names of species followed by aspect-level sentiment analysis of concordance lines. Results point to both opportunities and challenges associated with applying corpus methods to ecolinguistc research.

scholarly journals Investigating genre distinctions through discourse distance and discourse network

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Sun ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Wenxin Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Discourse Units ◽  
Syntactic Dependency

Abstract The notion of genre has been widely explored using quantitative methods from both lexical and syntactical perspectives. However, discourse structure has rarely been used to examine genre. Mostly concerned with the interrelation of discourse units, discourse structure can play a crucial role in genre analysis. Nevertheless, few quantitative studies have explored genre distinctions from a discourse structure perspective. Here, we use two English discourse corpora (RST-DT and GUM) to investigate discourse structure from a novel viewpoint. The RST-DT is divided into four small subcorpora distinguished according to genre, and another corpus (GUM) containing seven genres are used for cross-verification. An RST (rhetorical structure theory) tree is converted into dependency representations by taking information from RST annotations to calculate the discourse distance through a process similar to that used to calculate syntactic dependency distance. Moreover, the data on dependency representations deriving from the two corpora are readily convertible into network data. Afterwards, we examine different genres in the two corpora by combining discourse distance and discourse network. The two methods are mutually complementary in comprehensively revealing the distinctiveness of various genres. Accordingly, we propose an effective quantitative method for assessing genre differences using discourse distance and discourse network. This quantitative study can help us better understand the nature of genre.

scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the structure of a historical text

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Grigory Ivanovich Gerasimov ◽  
Andrei Vladimirovich Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methods

The subject of this research is the historical writing technique, which allows creating convincing images of the past. The goal of this article is ti analyze the structure of texts written by the historians and covering the period from antiquity to the XXI century. The theoretical framework consists of the idealistic approach towards history developed by the author. This article is first to examine the structure of texts written by the prominent historians of the past, such as Herodotus, Nestor, Karamzin, Klyuchevsky, and some historians of the XX – XX centuries from the perspective of idealistic approach and the use of quantitative methods. For comparison, analysis is conducted on the literary texts of A. S. Pushkin and V. S. Pikul dedicated to historical themes. The article employs content analysis, structural analysis, and terarchical cluster analysis of the texts on the basis of their structure. This revealed that the structure of these texts consists of the factual and theoretical statements, where the firs prevailed until the mid XX century. The use of cluster analysis allowed building a matrix of similarity of the works. The main method of creating convincing historical text lies in selection and interpretation of the the facts in accordance with the dominant worldview or a widespread historical concept. Facts are subordinated to the theory and confirm the fundamental ideas and historical concepts, as well as depict a convincing image of the past. The conducted analysis indicates that theory plays the key role in creating a convincing historical text, while facts are secondary; no significant impact of historical methods is revealed. The major difference between the analyzed historical and literary texts consists in the fact that there is no theory in the literary works.

Regulation of risk

1981 ◽  
Vol 376 (1764) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Growth Industry

Health and safety regulations have always been concerned with risk, though not always overtly. The quantitative expression of risk does not appear in regulations and rarely in guidance materials but is inherent in the policy underlying the development of regulations and in their practical application. The ways in which actual and perceived expressions of risk are used in regulatory actions differ widely. Some dangers are treated as unaccept­able and the regulatory policy is to exclude them totally. In the real world, such policies are never completely successful. The head-on collision of trains in main-line working is one example. The deliberate use of known carcinogens as pesticides is another. Other dangers are recognized as inevitable but as being reducible in degree. The regulatory activity is then aimed at limiting the extent to which a citizen can expose other citizens to this danger and, more recently, the extent to which he is permitted to put himself at risk. The balance of risks and benefits and of one risk with another underlie decisions in these cases. Not only consequences but probabilities become relevant. In the past, all, and even now most, of the regulation of risk has been on a non-quantitative basis. Increasingly, there is a desire to make the process more quantitative and to introduce the idea of acceptability. This change is provided for by many of the features of the Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974. Within the framework of that Act, the Health and Safety Commission and its operating arm, the Health and Safety Executive, are developing the more systematic use of quantitative methods of controlling hazards from work activities. The regulation of risk is a growth industry and it behoves us all to clarify our objectives. An aim of zero risk would not be to the benefit of society, but its replacement by more suitable aims is a long and com­plicated process.

scholarly journals Archaeology, climate, and global change in the Age of Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 8250-8253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Daniel H. Sandweiss
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Human Ecodynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Shed Light

We live in an age characterized by increasing environmental, social, economic, and political uncertainty. Human societies face significant challenges, ranging from climate change to food security, biodiversity declines and extinction, and political instability. In response, scientists, policy makers, and the general public are seeking new interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approaches to evaluate and identify meaningful solutions to these global challenges. Underrecognized among these challenges is the disappearing record of past environmental change, which can be key to surviving the future. Historical sciences such as archaeology access the past to provide long-term perspectives on past human ecodynamics: the interaction between human social and cultural systems and climate and environment. Such studies shed light on how we arrived at the present day and help us search for sustainable trajectories toward the future. Here, we highlight contributions by archaeology—the study of the human past—to interdisciplinary research programs designed to evaluate current social and environmental challenges and contribute to solutions for the future. The past is a multimillennial experiment in human ecodynamics, and, together with our transdisciplinary colleagues, archaeology is well positioned to uncover the lessons of that experiment.

A quantitative study of five thousand years of volcanism on Sao Miguel, Azores

1978 ◽  
Vol 288 (1352) ◽  
pp. 271-319 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Basaltic Magma ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pumice Fall ◽  
Eruptive Fissures ◽  
Fall Deposits

The activity of the three stratovolcanoes on the island of Sao Miguel is documented by tephrochronology, and during the past 5000 years a total of some 57 volcanic eruptions have taken place, mostly of magnitudes 4-6 on Tsuya’s scale. Approximately half were trachytic, and half basaltic. Each stratovolcano has a caldera within which each has had one historic eruption. The trachytic eruptions were predominantly explosive, and most took place from vents situated within the calderas. Isopach and isograde maps of most of the resulting pumice fall deposits are given. The basaltic eruptions produced both lava flows and pyroclastics, and isopach and isograde maps are given for some of the main fall deposits. The Agua de Pau volcano has had particularly large explosive eruptions, several of them (including Fogo A, the largest in the past 5000 years) being of plinian type. The output of the three volcanoes over the 5000 years is equivalent to 4.6 km 3 of dense rock, at which rate the exposed parts of the volcanoes could have accumulated in 150000 years. At least half of the erupted material is trachytic, a proportion typical of the entire accessible parts of the volcanoes. The 50 known eruptive vents of the past 5000 years are distributed in a zone 55 km long by 8 km wide which may lie above a major fracture zone. Some eruptive fissures trend obliquely across this zone, suggesting right-lateral movement along the fracture. Basaltic eruptions were confined to a much smaller area than in the preceding millennia perhaps due to the formation, at the time of the great Fogo A eruption 5000 years ago, of a broad trachytic magma chamber underlying the Agua de Pau and Furnas volcanoes which basaltic magma has since been unable to penetrate.

scholarly journals The study on value co-creation behaviour of shared bicycle users

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Yashun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shared Bicycle

In the past few years, shared bicycles without piles developed so fast, they also experienced problems such as unregulated bicycle parking and unrepaired damaged bicycles. This article’s study about users’ consciously participating in the reporting damaged or illegal vehicles, encourages shared bicycle users’ value co-creation behaviours, and strengthens the interaction between companies and users. This paper uses the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse the reliability and validity of the collected questionnaires, and uses the structural equation model to test the relevant hypotheses. It draws the conclusion that sense of responsibility, sense of accomplishment, expected revenue, peer acceptance, and self-efficacy have positive impacts on the value co-creation behaviour of shared bicycle users. The value creation behaviour of users has a positive impact on process satisfaction and result satisfaction.

Making statistical maps

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
John C. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statistical Map

How many elementary students become involved to some degree with statistical maps? Probably most of them do, since density and distribution concepts taught in the arithmetic program are supplemented with statistical maps found in social studies texts. A distribution or statistical map may convey information about resources, economic activities, or population data. In the past, excessive use of pictorial detail sometimes detracted from the effectiveness of these maps. How often the student bas been bewildered by a clutter of steers' heads here, a shock of corn there, and a general hodgepodge of symbols! Three standard cartographic techniques used in the construction of distribution maps will be illustrated and discussed here. There are many others—one-, two- and three-dimensional.

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