scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the structure of a historical text

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Grigory Ivanovich Gerasimov ◽  
Andrei Vladimirovich Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methods

The subject of this research is the historical writing technique, which allows creating convincing images of the past. The goal of this article is ti analyze the structure of texts written by the historians and covering the period from antiquity to the XXI century. The theoretical framework consists of the idealistic approach towards history developed by the author. This article is first to examine the structure of texts written by the prominent historians of the past, such as Herodotus, Nestor, Karamzin, Klyuchevsky, and some historians of the XX – XX centuries from the perspective of idealistic approach and the use of quantitative methods. For comparison, analysis is conducted on the literary texts of A. S. Pushkin and V. S. Pikul dedicated to historical themes. The article employs content analysis, structural analysis, and terarchical cluster analysis of the texts on the basis of their structure. This revealed that the structure of these texts consists of the factual and theoretical statements, where the firs prevailed until the mid XX century. The use of cluster analysis allowed building a matrix of similarity of the works. The main method of creating convincing historical text lies in selection and interpretation of the the facts in accordance with the dominant worldview or a widespread historical concept. Facts are subordinated to the theory and confirm the fundamental ideas and historical concepts, as well as depict a convincing image of the past. The conducted analysis indicates that theory plays the key role in creating a convincing historical text, while facts are secondary; no significant impact of historical methods is revealed. The major difference between the analyzed historical and literary texts consists in the fact that there is no theory in the literary works.

What is a Classic in History?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Jaume Aurell
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Historical Condition ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Narrative Language

Abstract What is the classic in history? What is a classic in historical writing? Very few historians and critics have addressed these questions, and when they have done so, it has been only in a cursory manner. These are queries that require some explanation regarding historical texts because of their peculiar ambivalence between science and art, content and form, sources and imagination, scientific and narrative language. Based on some examples of the Western historiographical tradition, I discuss in this article to what extent historians should engage the concept of the classic – as has been done for literary texts. If one assumes that the historical text is not only a referential account but also a narrative analogous to literary texts, then the concept of the classic becomes one of the keys for understanding the historical text – and may improve our understanding not only of historiography, but of history itself. I will argue in this article that it is possible to identify a category of the classic text in some historical writings, precisely because of the literarity they possess without losing their specific historical condition. Because of their narrative condition, historical texts share some of the features assigned to literary texts – that is, endurance, timelessness, universal meaningfulness, resistance to historical criticism, susceptibility to multiple interpretations, and ability to function as models. Yet, since historical texts do not construct imaginary worlds but reflect external realities, they also have to achieve some specific features according to this referential content – that is, surplus of meaning, historical use of metaphors, effect of contemporaneity without damaging the pastness of the past, and a certain appropriation of literariness. Without seeking to be normative or systematic, this article focuses on some specific features of the historical classic, offering a series of reflections to open rather than try to close a debate on this complex topic.

Earthquake Response Monitoring and Structural Analysis of Traditional Japanese Timber Temple

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Kaori Fujita ◽  
Eunmi Shin ◽  
Akito Ibaraki ◽  
Masashi Sanuki
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kanto Earthquake ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Temple

This paper introduces the recent attempts to clarify the seismic behavior of traditional timber architecture. The subject of the research is a timber temple, Kencho-ji, in Japan, designated as important cultural property. The temple was affected by the Great Kanto Earthquake 1923. There are two main halls in the Kencho-ji temple, and one of them collapsed while the other slightly inclined. The two main halls have similar structures, and stand next to each other. The authors have been trying to clarify the reason for the difference in the damage for the past ten years through on-sight measurement, micro tremor test, earthquake monitoring and structural analysis. As there is very few information concerning the hidden detail of the joints, recently the authors have operated X-ray inspection. The paper introduces the result of the X-ray test and the structural analysis using the result of the newly revealed hidden joint is discussed.

scholarly journals Modern Greek Drama and Theatre in the Crisis Period: Mnemonic Flashback of the past as a Defense Mechanism in the Present

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Theodore Grammatas
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

:At the beginning of the 21st Century, Modern Greek Dramaturgy had already entered the Postmodernism phase, closely adhering to the trends of international theatre. The economic and cultural crisis that set in after the first decade brought an end to almost every innovative attempt. Obsolete types and forms, subjects and stories/plots, are recycled and updated. The Past reappears in exactly the same way it used to be depicted in 20th or even 19th century literary texts and successful comedies of the Greek cinema of the 50’s-60’s are almost completely prevailing. It is not, however, the first time this phenomenon is observed in the Modern Greek Theatre. A similar one appears in the Interwar period (1922-1940), when, for political, social and economic reasons reality becomes very negative for Greek playwrights. The recent and distant Past appears to have a redemptive effect, thus offering an alibi and a way-out deprived by the Present.This is the subject of our announcement, based on the notions and the function of theatrical memory and the multiple roles by which History is joining Theatre.

scholarly journals Functionality of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth) / Verite}” in the Russian and French Literary texts

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Vera Valentinovna Larina ◽  
Lyubov' Mikhailovna Shatilova ◽  
Tat'yana Sergeevna Nifanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
The Subject

The goal of this article consists in carrying out a semantic analysis of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth)/ Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French languages. Very few works in the modern linguistics are dedicated to comparative study of the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French literary texts, which defines the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author is first to examine functionality of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth) / Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts, as well as to determine the composition of meanings and dynamics of their development in these lexemes. The article employs the comparative and quantitative methods, semantic analysis, and modeling. In both languages the concept of “Pravda (truth) / Verite” implies such notions as: “Honesty”, ”Fairness”, “Sincerity”, ”Reality”, “Veracity”. The conclusion is made that in the Russian and French literary texts, the linguocultural concept of “Truth” is reflected in its primary meaning – "Honesty”. The distinctive feature is the in the Russian texts it is used as “Veracity”, while in the French – as “Fairness”, which emphasizes the specificity of mentality reflected in the linguistic worldview.

“An honest escape” of a modern character: escapism problem in young adult fiction in the 21st century

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
Elena V. Boroda
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Subject

We analyze the problem of escapism, briefly discuss its history and evolution, its attitude to the problem in different periods of history. Analysis of this problem is the main goal of this work. The subject of this research is the texts of authors writing for children and teenagers, created over the past decade. On the example of young adult fiction in recent years, the development of an escapist motive, a change in attitude towards it and possible causes of such a transformation are observed. The relevance of the study is that modern texts that have not yet been studied by modern literary studies are analyzed, and the problem of escapism is considered in accordance with the cultural and social trends of today. In the process, we use an integrated research method. The result of studying the problem of escapism can be called a review of modern young adult fiction, in which there is a motive for fleeing reality, as well as some observations and conclusions that may be useful in studying the cultural and social problems of today. We conclude that escapism in modern young adult fiction is a full-fledged motive and means of interacting with reality. The scope of the research results is the study of modern literary texts by philologists, literary critics, literature teachers, as well as students and schoolchildren who are interested in expanding and deepening literary knowledge.

scholarly journals Teacher self-efficacy and its relationship with students’ affective and motivational variables in higher education

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Rodríguez ◽  
Bibiana Regueiro ◽  
Rebeca Blas ◽  
Antonio Valle ◽  
Isabel Piñeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Work Avoidance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Teacher Self Efficacy ◽  
Spanish Public Universities

During the past few decades, researchers have proposed that teacher self-efficacy influences student achievement and motivation. The main aim of this work is to identify possible teacher self-efficacy profiles and to determine possible differences in some affective-motivational variables of students. 95 teachers and 1924 students from five Spanish public Universities took part in this study. Using cluster analysis, three distinctive profiles of teachers were generated: high self-efficacy, medium self-efficacy, and low self-efficacy. ANOVA results suggest that teachers with intermediate self-efficacy perception have more learning-oriented students than teachers with high self-efficacy. Students of teachers who are overconfident of their teaching capacity seem to engage less in studying to learn, they are more indifferent to the subjects, and they value the contents of the subject less. These students could also be less confident about the results of their efforts, showing a low perception of self-efficacy, greater academic work avoidance, and more anxiety than students of teachers with a moderate perception of self-efficacy. The results are discussed in light of the hypothesis of overconfidence.

scholarly journals Methodology Voga in the Field of Entrepreneurship: Employment of Quantitative Methods for the Study of the Inherent Characteristics Entrepreneurs

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-209
Author(s):  
Tayso Silva ◽  
Maurício Fernandes Pereira ◽  
Alexandre Marino Costa ◽  
Cristina Hinterlang
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
National Meeting ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Purposive Sample

This study aimed to investigate how the quantitative methodology has been employed in research on "the inherent characteristics of entrepreneurs." Specifically, we analyze the Brazilian production exposedat the National Meeting of Anpad( EnANPAD ) over 10 years, since 2003, year of the creationof aspecific space for production in entrepreneurship, by 2012. Among the 279 articles on entrepreneurship published in EnANPADin these 10 years,a purposive sample of 28 articles was analyzed. At first abstracts, introductions and objectives were analyzed for the classification of subjects and subsequently proceeded to the detailed analysis of the employedmethods in the studies.In order to provide an analysis that indicates how to characterize the entrepreneurshipstudies on in Brazil in present, the moreaddressed issuein the field of entrepreneurship were investigated to evaluate the use of quantitative methodology, also justified, as target of this investigation, by being the main method used in the studies on the subject . The study allowsto identify methodological tools which are suitable to investigate the inherent characteristics of entrepreneurs and how these resources were used. The level of quality required for publication in EnANPAD collaborates to say about the viability of the search strategies outlined in this study. There is also a contribution to the delimitation of the object of research in the field of entrepreneurship, especially in Brazil.

scholarly journals Ridiculing the Female Characters in Israeli Hebrew Children’s Literature – From a Gender-Oriented Stereotype to a Feminist Protest

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Nitsa Dori
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Grotesque

The differences between the genders and attitudes toward the feminine and masculine domains are already recognizable during early childhood. Blatant sexism can be distinguished in a number of Israeli Hebrew children’s books written several decades ago on the subject of the grotesque woman, and which have become classics still read in preschools. The women in these stories are described as bewildered, confused, and absentminded. Since these Hebrew literary texts are extremely popular among preschool teachers, this article firstly promotes awareness of the issue. Later, this article will suggest a new way of reading that will lead to deeper understanding of the messages and change gender-oriented stereotypes, common in the past, to a feminist protest of the present. Discussion and conversation with children regarding the essence of the gender-oriented viewpoint in shaping the grotesque woman, its motives, and other insights that can be reached through the figure’s activity, conversation, and behaviour, can serve as a tool for the development of a person capable of critical thinking, independence, and having values.

scholarly journals The Living Tree: Kr̥ṣṇā Sobtī’s Pre-Partition Punjab and the “Other History”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-155
Author(s):  
Rosine-Alice Vuille
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Perception Of Time

Historical fiction covers a wide range of texts and presents a large variety of views on the subject of history. It is often seen as a way of narrating history from a perspective ignored by academic historiography, thus offering an alternative narrative of the past. This other way of writing history, namely by way of literary texts, is not always conscious or openly acknowledged. In her essays on literature, the Hindi writer Kr̥ṣṇā Sobtī (1925–2019) clearly formulates her views on the role of the writer when she commits herself to represent the past, differentiating her role from that of a historian per se. Personally, as a writer, she is primarily interested in the perception of time of the people of a region and their understanding of their own past transmitted through tales, songs and other media; this constitutes what Sobtī calls the “other history”, a notion close to Jan Assmann’s “mnemohistory”. Through the example of Sobtī’s magnum opus, Zindagīnāmā, this paper explores what this specific way of narrating history reveals about the rural society of the pre-Partition Punjab.

scholarly journals Attitűd és értésmód: egy irodalmi korszakváltás alapfogalmai

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál S. Varga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Periodical Change

Szilárd Borbély described the periodical change in poetry at the turn of the 18th and 19th century as a ”shift in the attitude of literary texts” and as a transformation of ”literary understanding”. The turning away from the late Baroque and Classic poetry – which both followed inherited models of genre – came when the narrator received a unique identity, and the reader began to understand the text as an expression of the Self. This change can be pointed out in Sándor Kisfaludy’s cycle of poems, Kesergő szerelem (1802), which influenced the creation of Csokonai’s own cycle of love poems. The temporalization of the attitude towards the textual genre happened in the poetry of Ferenc Kölcsey. The narrators of Kölcsey’s Vanitatum vanitas and Hymnus create their identity by uniquely reflecting on the genre and dislocating the ready-made meanings. The peak of the transition is the inventive formation of history by means of poetry and language. The epic poetry of Mihály Vörösmarty structures language in a way that makes the mythical recounting of origin possible for the subject attempting to establish an identity in the past. Yet this language brought about the paradox of excluding the subjective from the expression. The concept emphasizing the formation of the attitude that reflects on the genre by language is not only a re-interpretation of 18th-19th century Hungarian poetry, but it is obviously close to the postmodern poetic method which is attributed to Halotti pompa [The Splendours of Death].

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