scholarly journals Lost in Migration – Mirandese at a Crossroads

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Cláudia Martins ◽  
Sérgio Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Minority Language ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe linguistic rights of Mirandese were enshrined in Portugal in 1999, though its “discovery” dates back to the very end of the 19th century at the hands of Leite de Vasconcellos. For centuries, it was the first or only language spoken by people living in the northeast of Portugal, particularly the district of Miranda do Douro. As a minority language, it has always moved among three dimensions. On the one hand, the need to assert and defend this language and have it acknowledged by the country, which proudly believe(d) in their monolingual history. Unavoidably, this has ensued the action of translation, especially active from the mid of the 20th century onwards, with an emphasis on the translation of the Bible and Portuguese canonical literature, as well as other renowned literary forms (e.g. The Adventures of Asterix). Finally, the third axis lies in migration, either within Portugal or abroad. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, Mirandese people were forced to leave Miranda do Douro and villages in the outskirts in the thousands. They fled not only due to the deeply entrenched poverty, but also the almost complete absence of future prospects, enhanced by the fact that they were regarded as not speaking “good” Portuguese, but rather a “charra” language, and as ignorant backward people. This period coincided with the building of dams on the river Douro and the cultural and linguistic shock that stemmed from this forceful contact, which exacerbated their sense of not belonging and of social shame. Bearing all this in mind, we seek to approach the role that migration played not only in the assertion of Mirandese as a language in its own right, but also in the empowerment of new generations of Mirandese people, highly qualified and politically engaged in the defence of this minority language, some of whom were former migrants. Thus, we aim to depict Mirandese’s political situation before and after the endorsement of the Portuguese Law no. 7/99.

scholarly journals Stereotypical Questions In The Organization Of The Process Of Teaching Children By Japanese Mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Nadira Tashmurzaevna Khalmurzaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Great Responsibility ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Japanese Mothers ◽  
The Impact

In the 1960s, for women raising children, the media called the phrase "教育 マ マ " "kyoiku mama" a "mentor for company employees." This includes mothers who act with great responsibility to "successfully pass the rigorous competitive tests required for children, especially boys, to enter high school or college." In Japanese society, the phrase "a father who parenting children" did not appear. It was the "mother of upbringing" "mother Kyoiku" who became a social phenomenon. In this article, Kyoiku mama ("教育 マ マ ") is a phraseological phrase that literally translates as "parenting mother." In this article, Kyoiku's mom is viewed as a stereotypical figure exploring maternal parenting for education of children in modern Japanese society. It also analyzes the impact and power of stereotypes on education problems in Japan. The article highlights the stereotypes about education in Japan, on the one side, the development of highly qualified young people in Japan, and on the other side, the stress of Japanese children due to the "hell of exams."

scholarly journals Linguistic Rights in the Education System in Light of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (By the Example of Poland and Lithuania)

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Anna Doliwa-Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Abstract One of the fields of protecting human rights within the framework of standards of the Council of Europe is the protection of national minorities – with the special issue of their linguistic rights. An intensification of actions aimed at adopting legal measures in this field happened in the 1960s. The concern for a proper range and level of regulation was expressed at the level of the Parliamentary Assembly and the Committee of Ministers. National experts formulated detailed resolutions to include the goals of international organizations such as CSCE and the United Nations concerning this matter. The fact that the framework convention was chosen as the means bears witness to a significant provision that the guarantee of rights were realized in the most flexible manner, including the designations and capacities of State parties. This article includes an analysis of three stages of work connected with ensuring linguistic rights for national minorities, with a special emphasis on the linguistic rights in the education system. On the one hand, actions which resulted in the acceptance of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities are shown. On the other hand, the goals and details of this Convention are described. The third section concerns the analysis of mechanisms for monitoring the realization of the rights included in the Convention. Due to limitations in the terms of reference for this work, the analysis of the convention guarantees, and their realization, was limited to linguistic rights in the education system. The practice of these actions was shown through examples in Poland and Lithuania. The right to education for national minorities (in a general sense) including knowledge about their culture, traditions, and their input into the development of the society of a given country is one of the rights clearly stated in the Framework Convention. By the same token are linguistic rights in an education system – the right to teach the language of a national minority or to teach in the language of a minority. As practice in Poland and Lithuania shows, the situation of education of national minorities is different, although some of the problems are common: an example for that would be access to proper coursebooks in the languages of national minorities, or properly trained teachers.

scholarly journals MUSEUM IN THE PROCESS. SELECTED TENDENCIES IN 20TH-CENTURY MUSEOLOGY

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Aldona Tołysz
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Museology

The debate on the museum definition undertaken at the 2019 Kyoto ICOM General Conference points to the role played contemporarily by museums and the expectations they have to meet. It also results as a consequence of changes happening in museums beginning as of the 19th century until today. Extremely important processes took place in the past century. Initially, the changes covered the museum operating methods, mainly within museum education and display, however, they also had an impact on the status of objects in museum collections in the context of artistic and ethnographic collections. One of the most interesting ideas for museum’s redefinition was that proposed in the 1st half of the 20th c. in the formula of Museums of Artistic Culture. However, the departure from the traditionally conceived museum towards a ‘laboratory of modernity’ proposed by the Russian Avant-garde was still too revolutionary for its times. Beginning as of the 1960s, next to the reflection on museums’ operating modes, there increased the emphasis on the role they played and the one they should play in modern society. It was phenomena of political, social or economic character that had a direct impact on the transformation of the shape of museums, these phenomena appearing under the banners of globalization, liberalization, democratization, glocalization. Criticism of museums and their up-to-then praxes drew attention to the essential character of the relation between the institution and its public. The turn towards society allowed for such formats to appear as an ecomuseum, participatory museum, open museum. The solutions derived from the New Museology not only point to the necessity to move the level of the relationship between museum and society, but first and foremost to reflect on museum’s activity which is assumed to create an institution maximally transparent and ethical. It is for various reasons that not all the solutions proposed by museums meet the criteria. Museums continue to face numerous challenges, yet they boast potential to face them.

Marcuse, Herbert (1898–1979)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Callinicos
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
Post War ◽  
State Of Rest ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

Herbert Marcuse endured a brief moment of notoriety in the 1960s, when his best-known book, One-Dimensional Man (1964), was taken up by the mass media as the Bible of the student revolts which shook most Western countries in that decade. Though Marcuse’s actual political influence was uneven, his public image was not wholly misleading. On the one hand, he popularized the critique of post-war capitalism that he, with the other theorists of the Frankfurt School, had helped develop: the Western liberal democracies were, they argued, ‘totally administered societies’ permeated by the values of consumerism, in which the manufacture and satisfaction of ‘false needs’ served to prevent the working class from gaining any genuine insight into their situation. On the other hand, Marcuse never fully subscribed to the highly pessimistic version of Marxism developed by the central figures of the Frankfurt School, Adorno and Horkheimer. He hoped that revolts by an underclass of ‘the outcasts and the outsiders, the exploited and persecuted of other races and other colours, the unemployed and unemployable’ would stimulate a broader social transformation. Underlying this affirmation of revolutionary possibilities was a conception of Being as a state of rest in which all conflicts are overcome, where rational thought and sensual gratification are no longer at war with one another, and work merges into play. Intimations of this condition – which could only be fully realized after the overthrow of capitalism (and perhaps not even then) – were, Marcuse believed, offered in art, ‘the possible Form of a free society’. Imagination could thus show politics the way.

Spezialisierungsinteresse und Integrationsaversion im Rat für Gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe: Der DDR-Werkzeugmaschinenbau in den 1970er Jahren

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Nc Machine ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

AbstractSocialist economic integration’ in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA)officially aimed at progressing from the member states’ bilateral trade to the bi- and multilateral coordination of production, research and development. The East German economy had, on the one hand, a vital interest in this international division of labour through political planning that stabilized markets for imports and exports and created economies of scale. On the other hand, politically planned specialization with the lower industrialized CMEA countries tended to preserve the existing structure of GDR industry instead of stimulating technological progress. The article illustrates this dilemma with a case study of the machine tool industry. In the 1970s, this highly qualified and traditionally trade-intensive branch fell behind the international trend that went from numerical control (NC) to computerized numerical control (CNC) technology. But the problem of declining international competitiveness was already detected in the 1960s and early 1970s regarding traditional NC machine tools. Evidence shows that even these less complex tasks could not be managed sufficiently by CMEA or bilateral integration measures.

scholarly journals The Main Dramatic Features of Melodrama: A Dramatic Study of Maria Martin and Sweeney Todd And Their Traces In Modern Soap Operas

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Lutfi Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soap Operas ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper attempts an exploration of the prosperity of melodrama in the nineteenth century with its literary shortcomings in comparison with more serious and deeper plays before and after that era. Shedding light on the political, social, and economic changes that took place in Europe in general and in England in particular, this study tries to show how melodrama reflected these changes and represented the new rising middle class with all their values, beliefs, and interests. In addition, the paper shows similarities between melodrama and modern soap operas and movies, with their artificially fabricated plots and endings, unconvincing characters, and irrational incidents and coincidences. For this purpose, the study will trace the main dramatic features of melodrama and mark them out in two of the most notable melodramas of that period, namely Maria Martin and Sweeney Todd, which were adapted and produced cinematically. The paper will conclude how changes in different aspects of society are definitely reflected on the literary works during a certain period of time. The methodology will include an historical overview, shedding light on the changes that took place in England in the 19th century, comparing and contrasting melodramas and other more important literary forms, together with the two plays to be studied as examples. To achieve credibility, the paper will refer to works by remarkable thinkers and critics in the field, illustrate by using quotes from both plays, and interpret and analyze their function and importance.

scholarly journals James Buchanan, Gordon Tullock, and the “Radically Irresponsible” One Person, One Vote Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
James Buchanan ◽  
Gordon Tullock ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
State Legislative ◽  
Over Time

James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock took a keen interest in the United States Supreme Court’s reapportionment decisions of the 1960s, which established a “one person, one vote” standard for state legislative apportionment. This paper traces the long arc of Buchanan and Tullock’s opposition to the “one person, one vote” standard. The Calculus of Consent offers a highly qualified efficiency argument against “one person, one vote,” but over time Buchanan and Tullock grew even more vocally critical of the decisions. Buchanan ultimately advocated a constitutional amendment overturning “one person, one vote” in a private set of recommendations to Congressional Republicans. This paper additionally assesses Tullock’s 1987 complaint that scholars and judges neglected The Calculus of Consent’s analysis of reapportionment. A review of the reapportionment literature between 1962 and 1987 demonstrates that while the book was frequently cited, the literature generally ignored its analysis of the efficiency of apportionment standards.

The Politics of Arabic in Israel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Political Identities ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The One

Arabic became a minority language in Israel in 1948, as a result of the Palestinian exodus from their land that year. Although it remains an official language, along with Hebrew, Israel has made continued attempts to marginalise Arabic on the one hand, and secutise it on the other. The book delves into these tensions and contradictions, exploring how language policy and language choice both reflect and challenge political identities of Arabs and Israelis. It combines qualitative methods not commonly used together in the study of Arabic in Israel, including ethnography, interviews with journalists and students, media discussions, and analysis of the production of knowledge on Arabic in Israeli academia.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

The interaction of higher education system with the labor market: A study of the labor market in the regions of the Volga Federal District

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-480
Author(s):  
R.B. Galeeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

Subject .This article discusses the need to bring into line with the future activities of specialists the content of their preparation, the formation of a system model of higher education, which takes into account today's and prospective requirements of the labor market. Objectives. The article aims to research the labor market in four regions of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Tatarstan, Mari El Republic, Chuvash Republic, and the Ulyanovsk oblast, as well as discuss problems and prospects of interaction of universities with enterprises and organizations of these regions. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical and statistical analyses, and in-depth expert survey. Results. The article analyzes the state of regional labor markets, presents the results of the expert survey of labor market representatives and heads of the regional education system, and it defines possible ways of harmonizing the interaction of universities with the labor market. Conclusions. The article notes that although the number of employed with higher education is growing, at the same time there is a shortage of highly qualified personnel in certain professions, on the one hand, and unskilled workers, on the other. Also, the article says that the universities do not prepare the necessary for the regions specialists in a number of professions or they provide a set of competencies different from the requirements of the labor market, so it is necessary to form and develop effective directions of cooperation between educational institutions and employers.

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