scholarly journals Limits of Power. Clerical Appointment as Part of Domestic Policy in Sweden after the Reformation, 1560–1611

Perichoresis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Mikko Hiljanen
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

Abstract This article examines state-church relations in Sweden by analysing clerical appointment processes in the latter part of the 16th century. The aim is to ascertain whether the king of Sweden could appoint pastors independently, and if not, with whom he was compelled to share the power. Earlier studies argue that the power of the king grew due to the reformation. First, this article examines the number of clerical appointments that were made in the period 1560-1611. The results reveal a remarkable annual variation in the number of clerical appointments. Second, the timing and share of clerical appointments made by the king are studied. The number of appointments made by the king is viewed against the total number of clerical appointments so as to reveal the importance of appointments made by the crown. Third, the article examines the proportion of appointments made by other authorities. The results suggest that the crown’s role in clerical appointment processes varied, but more interestingly, it was not as ubiquitous as earlier researchers suggest. Thus article concludes that crown’s power over the church in 16th century Sweden was not as vast as it has previously been claimed.

scholarly journals The School Culture Heritage of the Reformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
László Trencsényi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
College Culture ◽  
Educational Innovations ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Education ◽  
The Church

Abstract On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, this essay analyses those educational innovations in the history of central European education that were introduced by the Church reform in the 16th century, following these modernizations and their further developments through the spreading of the universal school systems in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Drawing examples from the innovations in the college culture of the period, the author emphasises that those pedagogical values established in the 16th century are not only valid today, but are exemplary from the point of view of contemporary education. From these the author highlights: pupils’ autonomy (in the form of various communities), cooperation with the teachers and school management and the relative pluralism of values.

scholarly journals John Calvin as ‘public theologian’ in view of his ‘Commentary on Seneca’s de Clementia’

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim A. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The Church ◽  
Legal Training

During the 16th century, Europe underwent fundamental sociopolitical changes, which challenged theologians and the church to respond theologically. In light of the celebration of the Reformation (1517–2017) and the theme of this conference, this contribution presents Calvin as a ‘public theologian’. To this purpose it is necessary to define ‘public theology’, describe the sociopolitical changes which challenged theologians during the 16th century, and lastly to focus on Calvin’s contribution to the discourse. Because of the vast amount of material that is available, this contribution is limited to Calvin’s first publication, his ‘Commentary on Seneca’s De Clementia’. Calvin’s fundamental understanding of law and justice, as well as his theological engagement with sociopolitical issues, made him a public theologian par excellence. Calvin’s legal training surfaced whenever he addressed the authorities, for instance, when pleading the case of persecuted Protestants. He had a fundamental understanding of issues such as justice and freedom. The rights, responsibilities and obligations of government and people should always remain in balance. Sociopolitical transformation, as experienced in South Africa during the last three decades, requires of theologians to engage theologically with relevant issues. In this, Calvin set a remarkable example.

Anabaptism and the Reformation: Another Look

1960 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Hillerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Radical Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Church

It has by and large been characteristic of the current resurgence of Anabaptist studies to understand the Anabaptist movement as an integral part of the Reformation. Thus the two terms presently used to designate the framework of the radical dissent of the 16th century— Roland H. Bainton's now classic “Left Wing” and, more recently, George H. Williams' “Radical Reformation”—suggest a positive relationship with the mainstream Reformation. There is widespread consensus among scholars, particularly in America, that Anabaptism concurred with the Reformation on the major points of Protestant doctrine and dissented merely on secondary issues, such as baptism, the church, or political authority, around which centered indeed most of the theological polemics between the Anabaptists and the Reformers.

4. Early modern sainthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Yarrow
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Intellectual Creativity

‘Early modern sainthood’ describes the impact of the 16th-century Reformation on the image of the Christian saint. The Reformation, triggered by Augustinian friar Martin Luther, was a struggle for the highest stakes between fierce adversaries over the relationship between church and state, the authority and mission of the Church, the fundamental doctrines of the Christian faith, and the conscience of every soul in Christendom. It spurred immense intellectual creativity, fuelled iconoclasm and bitter polemic, and brought protracted war and martyrdom. It ultimately divided Europe into the Catholic states of southern Europe and those states of northern Europe whose princes embraced various kinds of Protestantism.

scholarly journals Theosis in die Oosters-Ortodokse en Westers-Protestantse teologiese debat

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barend J. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Church Father ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Good Relation ◽  
Theological Debate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Historic Background

Theosis in the Eastern-Orthodox and Western-Protestant theological debate: All major religions agree on one theme, namely they strive to provide an answer regarding the relation with their God. A good relation to God is the way of salvation, because the question about God is an acknowledgement that a human being needs to be in union with God. Some questions and answers are only possible in the relation between God and humankind. The well-known saying from the letter to the Romans (1:17), is typical of such a relation formulated in the Western Protestant debate in forensic style. From the Eastern orthodox theological debate, theosis is used in accordance to what the church father Irenaeus meant: ‘God became human that we might become divine’. This article gives a definition of theosis, sketch the historic background of the concept, discuss salvation in the Western theological tradition, and pays attention to a theosis scriptural basis. Furthermore, attention is also given to Martin Luther and theosis as an indication that his view of salvation was much closer to theosis as was readily accepted in the Western theological debate since the Reformation of the 16th century.

scholarly journals Five hundred years on: Some traces of the Reformation in the Church Orders of two South African Reformed Churches – Seen as temporary expressions of the Church Order of the Reformed Synod of Dordrecht in 1619

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Strauss
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
African Churches ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Church ◽  
Dutch Reformed Church

This article examines the influence of the Reformation of the 16th century on the Church Orders of two South African Reformed Churches, namely the Dutch Reformed Church and the Reformed Churches in South Africa. The five so-called solas, namely sola gratia [by grace alone], sola scriptura [by Scripture alone], sola fidei [by faith alone], solus christus [Christ alone] and soli Deo gloria [glory to God alone], are widely accepted as key expressions of the convictions of the Reformation. Although not necessarily in the same terms, the content of the solas are also found in the thought of Calvin. These matters influenced the Synod of Dordrecht (1618–1619) in its acceptance of the Three Formulas of Unity as reformed confessions of faith and its affirmation of the Dordt Church Order. The said South African churches accept the Three Formulas of Unity as confessions of faith and view their church orders as a modern version of the Dordt Church Order – adapted to the demands of the time. This article mainly examines the consequences of sola scriptura and sola fidei on the church orders of the two churches. In terms of these two solas, both have traces of the Reformation after 500 years.

scholarly journals Mission and Limitations. Back to the Origins of Lutheran-Orthodox Contacts in the 16th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Dietmar Plajer
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
City Council ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
Printing House

Abstract The Reformation in Transylvania, Lutheran in structure, has been from its very beginning in direct contact with representatives of the Orthodox Church. An Orthodox clergyman, Philippus Pictor (Filip Moldoveanul), had worked for decades in Hermannstadt in the service of the magistrate, with tasks – among other responsibilities – in the printing house; it was probably during his activity in office that the (now lost) Romanian catechism of 1544, the church-slavonic and the bilingual (Slavonic-Romanian) gospels were printed. There are good reasons to assume that these prints were made directly by the initiative of the city council; but this was not an attempt at the conversion of Romanians to the Evangelical faith, but rather an exercise of the duty – emerging from Luther’s theology – to make possible for all people the access to Scripture.

The Anglican Doctrine of the Visible Church

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Lee Gatiss
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church ◽  
Significant Attention

This article examines what the Church of England’s historic Thirty-nine Articles of Religion actually mean in context when they define the visible church as ‘a congregation of faithful men in which the pure Word of God is preached, and the sacraments be duly ministered according to Christ’s ordinance in all those things that of necessity are requisite to the same.’ The article clarifies the meaning of the words ‘a congregation’ here in their historical and polemical context during the Reformation, giving this significant attention for the first time in print, in order to correct common evangelical mis-readings and misappropriations of Article 19. It also unpacks the Anglican view of the marks of the church against the confessional divides of the 16th century, to locate this Article in its Reformed Protestant context against Rome. It outlines ten challenges which a properly understood Anglican ecclesiology presents for evangelicals today.

scholarly journals Zachowane regesty z ksiąg metrykalnych parafii narolskiej z XVII-XVIII wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 163-209
Author(s):  
Henryk Gmiterek
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New Records ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

Rozwój badań nad zachowanymi księgami metrykalnymi (urodzeń, zawieranych małżeństw i zgonów) ma pierwszorzędne znaczenie nie tylko dla uszczegółowienia ustaleń genealogicznych poszczególnych rodów czy rodzin, ale przede wszystkim dla pogłębienia wiedzy o lokalnych społecznościach i zachodzących w ich obrębie procesów społecznych. Uprzystępnienie w różnych formach badaczom tej kategorii masowych źródeł historycznych może się w dłuższej perspektywie przyczynić do wyraźnego poszerzenia naszej wiedzy o różnorodnych zjawiskach demograficznych i stosunkach społecznych w obrębie żyjących przed wiekami pokoleń. Słowa kluczowe: Narol, parafia Narol, szlachta województwa bełskiego, genealogia The Extant Entries from the Narol Parish Records of the 17th – 18th Century The parish in Narol was established by Florian Łaszcz Nieledewski in 1595, in a village existing from the mid-16th century, near which he founded the town of Florianów (now Narol) in 1592. Visitations by bishops of Chełm, in whose dioceses Narol was located, confirm that the parish records (births, marriages) were kept from the very beginnings of the parish but in the autumn of 1648 they were destroyed during the Cossack-Tatar invasion (most probably burnt). The new records were kept from 1650. In the early 20th century they were seen in the Narol church by Karol Notz, famous in Galicia (Eastern Europe) for making inventories of historic relics. In 1914, the parish books were burnt during the fire of the town and the church. Their only known traces, discussed in the present publication, are excerpts/copies made in the mid-19th century by Ludwik Zieliński, which mostly refer to the noble families connected with Narol. The overwhelming majority of the 546 extracts are birth entries, only 29 being records of marriages.

scholarly journals Hasło LUTER w słownikach Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy 1532 i 1544

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Lucyna Agnieszka Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Common Word ◽  
Lexicographic Method ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Made In

This paper discusses the first 3 mentions of the entry LUTER, as a common word, in the Polish language. They were recorded by Bartlomiej of Bydgoszcz in his dictionaries dated 1532 and 1544. According to the analysis made in the article, these are the examples of extremely quick registration of a new word in the Polish language, and most probably the only confirmations of this lexeme in dictionaries in 16th century and two subsequent centuries. The detailed write-up of the location of the entry LUTER in both dictionaries by Bartlomiej allowed the recollection of the lexicographic method applied by the monk and – in comparison with other religious Polish vocabulary – emphasizing the uniqueness of recording the entry LUTER as a common word, only a dozen years after the Reformation.

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