Evaluation of Multi-Objective Optimization Techniques for Resilience Enhancement of Electric Vehicles

The pervasiveness of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased recently, which results in the interdependence of power and transport networks. Power outages may adversely impact the transportation sector, and the available energy may not be sufficient to meet the needs of all EVs during such events. In addition, EVs will be used for diverse purposes in the future, ranging from personal usage to emergency response. Therefore, the allocation of energy to different EVs may have different degrees of societal-, community-, and individual-level benefits. To capture these diverse aspects, the energy allocation problem to EVs during outages is modeled as a multiobjective optimization (MOO) problem in this study. Three indices are formulated to quantify the value of different EVs for societies, communities, and individuals during outages, and, correspondingly, three objective functions are formulated. The formulated MOO problem is solved using the five most widely used MOO solution methods, and their performance is evaluated. These methods include the weighted-sum method, lexicographic method, normal boundary intersection method, min–max method, and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. To compare the performance of these methods, two indices are proposed in this study, which include the demand fulfillment index and total demand fulfillment index. The former is for analyzing the demand fulfillment ratio of different priority EVs, while the latter is for the demand fulfillment analysis of the whole EV fleet requiring a recharge. In addition, the computational complexity, variance, and additional constraints required by each method are also analyzed. The simulation results have shown that the lexicographic method has the best performance when the relative priorities are known, while the min–max method is the most suitable method if the priorities are not known.

A Portuguese 18th-century dictionary rescued from oblivion

The first Diccionario da Lingua Portugueza was published in 1783 by Bernardo de Lima e Melo Bacellar. This title became very successful, as many subsequent dictionaries demonstrate; but the work was a flaw, utterly ridiculed and systematically ignored. This unusual fate for a dictionary may be the outcome of a combination of factors: on one hand, the author himself – a nonconformist clergyman who became a persona non grata in the Portuguese ecclesiastic hierarchy; and on the other hand, his original lexicographic ‘method’ that aimed to provide more information than what was achieved by his predecessors. In this paper, we will present what we know about Bacellar’s biography and describe his dictionary by examining some landscape entries. Finally, we will discuss the role of this dictionary for research within the framework of the LandLex project.<fnote> About LandLex, see Villalva/Williams (2019: 15–25).</fnote>

Mehar Approach for Finding Shortest Path in Supply Chain Network

The aim of each company/industry is to provide a final product to customers at the minimum possible cost, as well as to protect the environment from degradation. Ensuring the shortest travel distance between involved locations plays an important role in achieving the company’s/industry’s objective as (i) the cost of a final product can be minimized by minimizing the total distance travelled (ii) finding the shortest distance between involved locations will require less fuel than the longest distance between involved locations. This will eventually result in lesser degradation of the environment. Hence, in the last few years, various algorithms have been proposed to solve different types of shortest path problems. A recently proposed algorithm for solving interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy shortest path problems requires excessive computational efforts. Hence, to reduce the computational efforts, in this paper, firstly, an alternative lexicographic method is proposed for comparing interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers. Then, using the proposed lexicographic comparing method, a new approach (named as Mehar approach) is proposed to solve interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy shortest path problems. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed lexicographic comparing method, as well as the proposed Mehar approach, is discussed.

Robust Multiobjective Nonlinear Constrained Optimization with Ensemble Stochastic Gradient Sequential Quadratic Programming-Filter Algorithm

Summary As the crucial step in closed-loop reservoir management, robust life-cycle production optimization is defined as maximizing/minimizing the expected value of a predefined objective (cost) function over geological uncertainties (i.e., uncertainties in the reservoir permeability, porosity, endpoint relative permeability, etc.). However, with robust optimization, there is no control over downside risk defined as the minimum net present value (NPV) among the individual NPVs of the different reservoir models. Yet, field operators generally wish to keep this minimum NPV reasonably large to try to ensure that the reservoir is commercially viable. In addition, the field operator may desire to maximize the NPV of production over a much shorter time period than the life of the reservoir under the limitation of surface facilities (e.g., field liquid and water production rates). Thus, it is important to consider multiobjective robust production optimization with nonlinear constraints and when geological uncertainties are incorporated. The three objectives considered in this paper are; to maximize the average life-cycle NPV, to maximize the average short-term NPV, and to maximize the minimum NPV of the set of realizations. Generally, these objectives are in conflict; for example, the well controls that give a global maximum for robust life-cycle production optimization do not usually correspond to the controls that maximize the short-term average NPV of production. Moreover, handling the nonlinear state constraints (e.g., field liquid production rates and field water production rates for the bottom-hole pressure controlled producers in the robust production optimization) is also a challenge because those nonlinear constraints should be satisfied at each control steps for each geological realization. To provide potential solutions to the multiobjective robust optimization problem with state constraints, we developed a modified lexicographic method with a minimizing-maximum scheme to attempt to obtain a set of Pareto optimal solutions and to satisfy all nonlinear constraints. We apply the sequential quadratic programming filter with modified stochastic gradients to solve a sequence of optimization problems, where each solution is designed to generate a single point on the Pareto front. In the modified lexicographic method, the objective is always considered to be the primary objective, and the other objectives are considered by specifying bounds on them to convert them to state constraints. The temporal damping and truncation schemes are applied to improve the quality of the stochastic gradient on nonlinear constraints, and the minimizing–maximum procedure is applied to enforce constraints on the normal state constraints. The main advantage that the modified lexicographic method has over the standard lexicographic method is that it allows for the generation of potential Pareto optimal points, which are uniformly spaced in the values of the second and/or third objective that one wishes to improve by multiobjective optimization.

APPLICATION OF LEXICOGRAPHIC METHODS IN FINDING NEW SOLUTIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SWITCH FAUCETS

Methods and techniques to stimulate creativity are indispensable in the process of obtaining more reliable and competitive products. For the elaboration and efficient use of logical-deductive methods and techniques in creativity, it is necessary to know a minimum of combinatorics, which include arrangements, combinations, permutations, graphs and finite networks. From the multitude of methods of orderly enumeration of all ensembles, without omissions or repetitions, the lexicographic method is recommended, according to which, the assemblies are ordered in ascending order according to the sum of the component elements index. The main purpose of this paper is to apply the lexicographic method to obtain a more efficient flow faucet body in terms of working fluid behavior. Thus, the pressure, flow, velocity variation and degree of fluid vorticity have better values for the faucet body obtained by applying the lexicographic method. Therefore, by applying the flow simulation method, it was possible to characterize the behavior of the working fluid.

Analysis using multi-criteria decision making to evaluate smart phone alternatives within the global supply

Research background: In terms of the development of information and communication technologies, smart mobile phones are booming. Consumers choose the most suitable smartphone concerning their needs and preferences. Consumers are not limited by the domestic supply but can choose from smartphones from all over the world. The article aims to provide effective multi-criteria decision-making to evaluate different mobile phones according to consumer preferences of global supply. Purpose of the article: The benefit of the article is the elimination of uncertainty in the choice of mobile phone and the expression of preferences of the consumer with decision-making powers. Methods: Multicriteria decision-making is based on the evaluation of the possibilities of mobile phones with regard to the preferences of users. Ordinalistic (Lexicographic method and ORESTE method) and Cardinalistic method (TOPSIS method and Weighted sum method) are used for this evaluation. Findings & Value added: Based on the methods used, the variants of smartphones were ranked from best to worst. The order differed significantly for the selected methods. The lexicographic method recommended buying the cheapest variant. The ORESTE method recommended buying one of the most expensive variants. Of the methods requiring cardinal information, the TOPSIS method in the model example recommended the purchase of the Realme 7i variant and the weighted sum method recommended the purchase of the Samsung Galaxy A52 variant despite its high price. All results are calculated using a decision support system. The application contains a DLL library that provides the decision-making process and the structure of the decision-making problem and the user environment.

The system of processing verb inflection in Benson’s dictionary

From the perspective of the theory of lexicographic functions, this paper analyses in a metalexicographic manner the system of processing inflection data on the verbs of the Serbian language in M. Benson?s SerboCroatian-English Dictionary (BENSON 1993). The processing system is perceived through the prism of the needs of users whose native language is not Serbian in three situations: reception, production (which includes translation situations) and the situation in which the dictionary is used for gaining knowledge on verb inflection in the Serbian language. In the analysis of the dictionary, it has been noted that the processing system is made up of four lexicographic methods: 1) inflected forms of the verbs with a suppletive present base form and apophony in that base compared to the infinitive base form were included as headwords of particular dictionary entries with cross-references to the infinitive, but this was not done systematically and consistently; 2) as for the thematic verbs which are included in 36 separate accentual-conjugation types, type marks were provided with the verb, with cross-references to the introductory pages of the dictionary, where those marks were textually interpreted; 3) as for the thematic verbs which are not included in the aforementioned types, as well as all athematic verbs, inflection data were listed in the grammar section immediately after the headword; 4) for a smaller number of verbs, the model verb from which the inflection data should be analogically derived is listed in the dictionary entry itself. However, if a sound change in the present tense appears in verbs to which the third and fourth lexicographic method was applied, then a partial paradigm of the present tense in its full or shortened form was provided before the cross-reference to the typical verb in the form of a mark or a specific verb. The analysis showed that the first aforementioned lexicographic method meets the reception-related needs of the users of Benson?s dictionary. However, considering that it was not consistently applied, it does not satisfy those needs in all cases. The remaining three methods completely meet production-related needs, but it remains uncertain whether the applied methods are clear to the average user and, if so, to what extent. Therefore, the paper also offers a simplified version of Benson?s system of processing verb inflection, which would be more harmonized with the users? needs. However, Benson?s dictionary cannot serve as a handbook for gaining knowledge on verb inflection in the Serbian language, because the introductory pages and the grammatical appendix neither offer the rules on the formation of verb forms nor include complete paradigms of basic inflection types. The results of the analysis in the conclusion are applied to the draft of a new, proposed, French-Serbian dictionary, which additionally points to the advantages and shortcomings of applied lexicographic methods.

Z warsztatu leksykograficznego Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy. Powtórzenia haseł

From the Lexicographic Workshop of Bartholomeus de Bydgostia: Recurrences of Entries The aim of this article is to describe 280 examples of recurrences of Polish entries in the Latin-Polish dictionaries by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia of 1532 and 1544. The first researchers considered these recurrences to be mere mistakes resulting from a long time taken to prepare the dictionaries or from other causes. However, the scale of this phenomenon (4.3%) and its peculiar regularity make one think of another way of interpreting it – as Bartholomeus’ lexicographic method. Z warsztatu leksykograficznego Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy. Powtórzenia haseł Niniejszy artykuł opisuje 280 przykładów powtórzeń haseł polskich w łacińsko-polskich słownikach Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy (1532 i 1544). Pierwsze badaczki traktowały je wyłącznie jako pomyłki spowodowane między innymi długim czasem przygotowywania słowników. Jednakże skala tego zjawiska (4,3%) i jego regularność oznaczają, że można je interpretować inaczej – jako jedną z metod leksykograficznych Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy.

SUFFIXAL DERIVATION OF COMPOUND WORDS IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

В словообразовательной системе любого языка неизбежно происходят определенные динамические процессы, которые диктуют степень продуктивности тех или иных деривационных моделей. В ходе этих процессов происходит актуализация некоторых способов словообразования. Данный факт определяет актуальность исследования этих вопросов, так как для их решения необходим неустанный мониторинг наиболее активных и продуктивных моделей словообразования. В данной статье анализируются имена существительные и имена прилагательные дигорского диалекта осетинского языка, образованные сложно-суффиксальным способом. Целью исследования является определение композитных моделей существительных и прилагательных, в образовании которых учувствуют так же суффиксы, выявление их деривационной активности и степени продуктивности. В исследовании основным методом выступает структурно-семантический, который позволил нам произвести аналитическое описание сложно-суффиксальных композитных образований дигорского диалекта. При работе со словарями разных типов используется лексикографический метод. Типологическое многообразие композитов, многоплановость этих сложных словообразовательных конструкций, обуславливает необходимость исследования этого словообразовательного явления с различных точек зрения как структуры, так и семантики. В ходе анализа композитов дигорского, делается вывод о необходимости применения комплексного подхода к рассмотрению словосложения. Целесообразным признается также исследование, так называемых, периферийных способов образования, одним из которых является сложно-суффиксальный. В этой связи следует подчеркнуть недостаточную степень изученности данного вопроса в осетинском языкознании. В исследовании делается вывод о том, что сложно-суффиксальный способ образования в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка обладает довольно высокой продуктивностью, хотя она может варьироваться в зависимости от используемого суффикса. Отношения между компонентами данного типа образований всегда подчинительные, что обуславливает наличие опорного компонента (мотиватора) и конкретизирующего (уточняющего). В словообразовательные модели данного типа вовлечены как именные части речи (существительное, прилагательное, числительное), так и глагольные формы, которые всегда выступают в качестве опорного компонента. Certain dynamic processes inevitably occur in the word-building system of any language, which determine the degree of productivity of various derivational models. This fact accounts for the relevance of the study of these issues, as their solution requires incessant monitoring of the most active and productive word-formation models. This article analyzes the nouns and adjectives of the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language, formed as a result of compounding and suffixal derivation. The aim of the study is to determine composite models of nouns and adjectives, in derivation of which suffixes are also involved, the identification of their derivational activity and degree of productivity. The typological diversity of composites, the versatility of these complex word-formation constructions, necessitates the study of this word-formation phenomenon from various points of view of both structure and semantics. In the study, the main method is structural-semantic, which allowed us to produce an analytical description of the complex-suffixal composite formations of the Digor dialect. The lexicographic method is used when working with dictionaries of different types. In the course of the analysis of Digor composites, a conclusion is drawn on the need for an integrated approach to the consideration of word composition. The study of the so-called peripheral methods of education, one of which is compounding and suffixal, is also recognized as expedient. In this regard, the insufficient degree of knowledge of this issue in Ossetian linguistics should be emphasized. The study concludes that the difficult-suffix way of forming the Ossetian language in the Digor dialect has quite high productivity, although it can vary depending on the suffix used. The relations between the components of this type of formations are always subordinate, which determines the presence of a supporting component (motivator) and concretizing (specifying). The word-formation models of this type involve both the nominal parts of speech (noun, adjective, numeral) and verbal forms, which always act as a supporting component.