The Language of Clothing and the Law

Pólemos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Daniela Carpi
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Fundamental Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Law ◽  
Central Device

Abstract Elizabeth I’s portraits span more than 40 years of her reign: during this time her courtiers commissioned paintings that developed both her own image and a complex set of symbols that transmitted her power. These paintings, together with other iconological representations of her sovereignty, embody her personal way to advertise her own power and keep her subjects within the fascination of her figure. By commissioning portraits of the Queen her courtiers both expressed their loyalty to her and helped to develop the wide range of emblems and visual devices through which her propaganda could be promulgated. The analysis of the symbols interwoven with the dresses which enwrapped the Queen in her portraits conveys both the social situation of the period and Elizabeth’s will to impose her figure as divine so as to stress her legitimacy to the throne. The problem of power, legitimacy and legality are all intertwined in the dresses: the yarn that is spun by the painter’s brush represents the rules that keep society together. It symbolises the legal system with all its paraphernalia and anticipates an awareness for those in power to advertise their image which typifies our age. The fundamental function of clothing in making or unmaking a person’s status within society is often used in Renaissance plays. In many passages of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, for example, clothing is clearly connected to authority and it becomes the central device in the taming process itself.

scholarly journals Clinical and Psychological Characteristics and Existential Essence of the “Florence Syndrome”

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
M.V. Ermolaeva ◽  
D.V. Lubovsky
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Aesthetic

We consider a wide range of emotional disorders that occur as a result of meeting with works of art in places of significant cultural value, denominated as Florence syndrome. The analysis of the syndrome is conducted in two directions stemming from the psychotherapeutic approach developed by F.E. Vasiluk: the analysis of events’ sense (clinical and psychological nature of the syndrome), and the analysis of the existential content of experiences as a process of giving meaning to events. We analyze the descriptions of the Florence syndrome in the works of G. Magherini. Different versions of the syndrome are interpreted from the point of view of M. Klein’s theory of object relations. It is shown that the existential essence of this syndrome consists in the difficulty of accepting the social situation of adult development and challenges of uncertainty and complexity. We suggest that the existential nature of this syndrome is associated with the expectation of meeting with the beautiful, with an aesthetic situation that will change the person’s life for the better without an effort of will, without difficult preliminary work on learning the language of art and without further understanding of the aesthetic experience received. In conclusion, we analyze the most important theme of A. Tarkovsky’s film “Solaris”, that is, returning to childhood, to the origins, to the foundations of being, to a spiritual rebirth.

The Expanding, Lop-Sided Universe of Social Influence and Law Research

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Demaine ◽  
Robert Cialdini
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Many

This chapter explores “social influence and the law,” which we conceptualize as consisting of three parts: (1) social influence in the legal system, (2) the legal regulation of social influence in our everyday lives, and (3) law as an instrument of social influence. Within each part, we identify the primary topics that psychologists have studied empirically and review the existing research. The chapter thus highlights the many and varied contributions of psychologists related to social influence and the law. The chapter also reveals a marked imbalance in the social influence and law literature—the vast majority of psychological research falls within the first part, despite the fact that the second and third parts capture equally or more important topics from both legal and psychological viewpoints. We end the chapter by explaining this uneven distribution of effort and urging psychologists to take a broader approach to social influence and the law.

Mercy triumphs over judgment: James as the social gospel

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
LeAnn Snow Flesher
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Retributive Justice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Church Culture ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law

The pericope in Jas 2:14–17 has become iconic in our modern church culture. Although we quote from it regularly—“faith without works is dead”—we do not live it faithfully. In reimagining the body of Christ, the theme of this issue, it seems that the book of James and Luther’s response to it reflect the tensions we live in today. We are a society with a legal system built off the ideology of retributive justice. We are a society that claims to be built on Christian principles, yet James points to a very different justice system. James 2:13 states that “Mercy triumphs over judgment!” Although James never condones breaking the law (2:10–11), he does encourage mercy in place of judgment (2:13), especially when engaging the poor. Luther called biblical James a “book of straw,” as he touted his own mantra, sola fide, leaving us with a very significant dilemma. How should we understand saving faith? Does it simply require praying “the sinner’s prayer and shaking the pastor’s hand?” or ought it to be coupled with “works” becoming to one who has chosen to follow Jesus?

scholarly journals A Random Stroll Amongst Anthony Trollope's Lawyers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adversary System ◽  
The Law

Abstract Anthony Trollope (1815–1882) resides in the pantheon of nineteenth century English literature. While working full time in his postal position until 1867, he still managed to publish 47 novels, travel books, biographies, short stories, collections of essays, and articles on various topics. Trollope has been described as the novelist of the ordinary for his realistic description of English society. Law and legal issues flow through Trollope's fiction. The legal system held a special importance to him as the skeleton upholding the social and political framework of the country. Over one hundred lawyers appear in his work and eleven of his novels feature trials or hearings. The law intrigued and exasperated him. Along with the lawyers and legal issues he depicts are ideas of the law and legal system that are part of elaborate philosophical and jurisprudential traditions, which he recognized. This article examines Trollope's changing attitude toward lawyers. It describes the structure of the Bar in terms of class, status and reputation. Trollope believed the legal system should ensure justice, and those who labored in the law should be the vehicle of that pursuit. Justice for Trollope was the meting out of rewards and punishments as the consequence of a right or wrong decision. However, the law, as he depicted it, was often an impediment to this process, and lawyers were unreliable guides. Initially Trollope portrayed lawyers critically as caricatures as evinced by such names as Alwinde, O’Blather, Slow & Bideawhile, Haphazard, and Chaffanbrass. He was outraged that barristers (lawyers who appear in court) put loyalty to their clients ahead of the search for truth and justice. The adversary system was flawed as the enactment of laws in accord with the laws of nature assumes an inbuilt moral compass in humans that contains self-evident truths of right and wrong. Trollope felt there was no reason why a right-minded person could not intuitively recognize the truth, so criminal law's adversary system was unnecessary. The legal system sought not the discovery of the truth but was more interested in aiding the guilty defendant to escape punishment. As he matured as a writer and achieved success, Trollope's understanding and appreciation of the legal profession changed. He met and become friends with leaders of the Bar, and they influenced his descriptions of lawyers, who became realistic and often admirable human beings. Beyond the legal problems of its characters, Trollope's later novels incorporated the social, political, and jurisprudential issues of the times and engaged the Victorian legal culture in a broader sense of history, traditions, continuity and change. Natural law principles were challenged during the Victorian era by positivist notions that law is what the statute books say. These divisions lurk in the background of his later portraits of lawyers and the legal system. In his later period Trollope created a realistic characterization of the legal profession at the time that offered universal insights into human nature.

The NSF Law and Social Sciences Program

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wasby
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Social Scientific Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Impact

The National Science Foundation provides support for basic social science research on law and legal institutions through the Law and Social Sciences Program. The primary emphasis of the program is on research that will enhance understanding of the nature and sources of variation in legal rules and institutions and their consequences. Proposals directed to developing methodologies for the social scientific study of law are also considered. Proposals concerning criminal aspects of the law will be considered if they relate primarily to theoretical questions in the social scientific study of the law. However, the central focus of the Law and Social Sciences Program is on noncriminal aspects of the legal system.Those who anticipate submitting proposals might keep in mind the broad concerns that are central to the program:1. The capacity of law, through statutes, administrative regulations, and court decisions, to affect individual and organizational behavior, its limitations in regulating action, conditions which enhance or diminish the impact of law, and the processes by which that impact is achieved or diminished.2. The use of alternative methods, both formal (legal) and informal (extra-legal), for dealing with disputes, and factors that contribute to the selection of the alternatives used.3. Change in the legal system, its causes and the processes by which it occurs, with particular emphasis on factors affecting the use of law as an instrument of social control.

Knowledge of the Law: The Disadvantaged Delinquent?

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sanson-Fisher ◽  
H Woollacott ◽  
B Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
Survival Skills ◽  
The Law ◽  
Better Than

There is evidence to suggest that labelled delinquents are disadvantaged because they lack social survival skills. The present study examines the proposition that labelled delinquents are disadvantaged because they have a poorer knowledge of the law. A 33-item multiple-choice questionnaire covering a wide range of offence and police encounter situations was administered to 221 institutional adolescents (labelled group) while 205 school students provided the comparison non-institutional group (non-labelled). There were two general findings. First, the non-institutional group was significantly better than the institutional group, but all the adolescents showed a disturbingly limited knowledge of many laws. Second the superior performance of the non-institutional group was not “ali-or-none”: on some items the institutional group were superior. The findings were discussed in terms of differing experiential background and the social disadvantage of the institutional adolescents.

scholarly journals Pemidanaan terhadap Pelaku Main Hakim Sendiri dalam Kaitannya dengan Kontrol Sosial (Social Controlling)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
I Made Khrisna Dwi Payana ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi ◽  
Ni Made Sukaryati Karma
Keyword(s):  
Research Finding ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Sanction ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law

Vigilante (vigilante) creates an outburst of emotions and resentment from the community about the failure of law enforcers to carry out their duties to find criminals. So that it causes mistakes and acts alone without any legal basis and applicable laws. As for the problems found: 1. What is the legal arrangement for vigilante acts? 2. What is the criminal sanction for vigilante actors in relation to social control? The purpose of this research is to find out the qualifications of vigilante one criminal act along with the criminal threat, and it is important that the imposition of vigilante offenders regulate the behavior of the community. This study uses a normative research method, namely legal research which examines various aspects of written law. There is a research finding that the act of vigilantism is due to participation, emotional factors, lack of understanding of the law, the social situation and the law enforcement's inactivity towards the perpetrator is threatened with a criminal act based on the provisions of Article 170 of the Criminal Code.

scholarly journals Social conflicts in Ukraine XIX century in historiography and sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Tetiana Lytvynova
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the article was to identify the historiographic tradition of highlighting social conflicts in Ukrainian society of the nineteenth century. Using the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis made it possible to ascertain that in modern Ukrainian historica science the modern period is still considered mainly from the perspective of the concept of Ukrainian national revival, while the specifics of social processes continue to be reproduced at the level of historiography of the ХIX–ХХ centuries. The main result was the consideration of several persistent historiographic myths that explain the relationship between noble landlords and serfs exclusively in the categories of class struggle. The desire to perceive and reconstruct peasant-noble relations only from such an angle of view precluded the factor of chance in these conflicts, their criminal component. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that on the basis of archival sources an attempt has been made to show the vulnerability of such a perception of landowner-peasant interaction, the variety of causes and motives of social conflicts. It is argued that popular protests were not directly related to the deterioration of the situation of peasants, but were the result, first of all, of a sharp change in their legal and social status. It is noted that in the historiography of the New History of Ukraine the problem of intraclass conflicts was not even posed. This applies to all social groups, which in Ukrainian historiography are shown as extremely consolidated communities. Attention is drawn to the fact that historians often demonstrate a selective approach to sources, leaving behind the scenes episodes of friendly, solidary relations between landowners and peasants, frequent cases of a breakdown of mutual consent, refusal of peasants to be released, and examples of mutual assistance. The conclusion and practical significance of the study is that modern approaches in historical science require abandoning the extremes in interpreting the social history of Ukraine. It is necessary to pay attention to the reconstruction of the social situation, taking into account the specifics of the relationship between all participants in the agrarian process in the prereform Ukrainian village, to take into account a wide range of social relationships, the essence of conflicts and the circumstances of their occurrence. Type of article: analytical.

scholarly journals Analysing the Definition of Disability in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: is it really based on a 'Social Model' approach?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (23) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Kazou
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
Social Model ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

This article challenges the generally accepted view that the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 (CRPD) is based on the ‘social model of disability’. The ‘social model’ understands disability as a social situation, and particularly a form of social oppression imposed on people with impairments, which is caused by social and environmental barriers that exclude them from participating in society and which is entirely distinguished from their individual impairment. The article argues that the definition of disability in the CRPD is closer to the definition provided in WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF understands disability as the multi-dimensional and interactive experience of a wide range of difficulties in functioning; in particular, these difficulties include impairments, limitations in performing activities and restrictions in participating in life situations, and arise out of the complex interaction between health conditions, personal factors and barriers in the physical and social environment. Associating the CRPD with the ICF rather than the ‘social model’ might have positive implications for its implementation, as it can avoid the criticism faced by the ‘social model’ for its limitations, especially for considering impairment as being entirely irrelevant to the experience of disability, and therefore governments and policy makers might be less sceptical towards the CRPD and more willing to engage with it. At the same time, the valuable insights of the ‘social model’ regarding the disabling effect of social and environmental barriers can be retained, as the ICF recognises this too, but without ignoring the relevance of impairment to the experience of disability or minimising the health needs of persons with disabilities.

Tree of Life

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Law

This study of the Jewish legal system (the halakhah) demonstrates that the law embraces every corner of life. The central thesis of this book is that the halakhah, far from being entirely self-sufficient and self-authenticating, is influenced by the attitudes, conscious or unconscious, of its practitioners towards the wider demands and ideals of Judaism and by the social, economic, theological, and political conditions that occur when the ostensibly purely legal norms and methodology are developed. The chief concern is with the post-Talmudic halakhah, though the earlier halakhic developments are also discussed. The book also investigates how the halakhah operates. Ultimately, it seeks to provide a theory of halakhic change for those who are loyal to the halakhic tradition and yet accept modern values, many of which are themselves ultimately the fruit of the Torah, the Tree of Life.

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