Effect of the talc filler on structural, water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Buzarovska ◽  
Gordana Bogoeva-Gaceva ◽  
Radek Fajgar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Structural Water

Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based composite films with different content of talc (5–15 wt%) were prepared by the solvent casting method. The effect of talc on morphological, structural, thermal, barrier and mechanical properties of neat PLA was investigated. The PLA/talc composites revealed a polymorphic crystalline structure, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The PLA/talc composites also exhibited significantly improved barrier properties (up to 55% compared to neat PLA), as shown by water vapor permeability (WVP) tests. The puncture measurements showed improved mechanical properties at lower content of talc (up to 5 wt%), and increased brittleness of the PLA/talc composite films at higher talc concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of chitosan addition in starch and poly(lactic acid) sheets produced by extrusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Matheus Luz Alberti ◽  
Sílvio José De Souza ◽  
Heliberto Gonçalves ◽  
Fabio Yamashita ◽  
Marianne Ayumi Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier

<p>The use of blends containing biodegradable polymers like starch and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has gained considerable attention, especially for the food packaging production. Current research has also highlighted the use of chitosan because their antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and applicability in the production of active biodegradable food packaging. The objective of this work was to produce cassava starch and PLA sheets incorporated with chitosan by flat extrusion process (calendering-extrusion), and evaluate the mechanical, water vapor barrier and microstructural properties. In order to simplify the obtainment of the material reducing processing steps, all components of the blend were homogenized in one step extrusion The incorporation of chitosan in the starch/PLA sheets decreased significantly the tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break and density. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of non-homogeneous mixtures with the presence of pores between the blend compounds, and this fact affected the water vapor barrier properties increasing water vapor permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients. It was possible to conclude that although the incorporation of chitosan to the starch/PLA sheets has not contributed to obtain materials with suitable properties, it was able to produce them by calendering-extrusion process in pilot scale. Studies about chitosan incorporation in starch and PLA sheets still needed.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.208</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Starch/Powdered Activated Carbon Composite Films

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4406
Author(s):  
Anita Kwaśniewska ◽  
Michał Świetlicki ◽  
Adam Prószyński ◽  
Grzegorz Gładyszewski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Vapor Permeability

In the present study, starch/powdered activated carbon composite films were prepared by incorporating various amounts of powdered activated carbon (PAC)—1–5, 10, and 15 %—into a starch matrix, using the solvent casting method. The effect of PAC addition on the biopolymer film was investigated. The mechanical properties were examined by ultra-nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and micro-tensile tests. Since the mechanical properties of biopolymer films are correlated with their structure, the effect of PAC addition was tested using X-ray diffraction. The surface parameters morphology and wettability were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. The barrier properties were examined by determining water vapor permeability and the water solubility index. The obtained results did not show a monotonic dependence of the mechanical parameters on PAC content, with the exception of the maximum strain, which decreased as the amount of the additive increased. The visible effect of PAC addition was manifested in changes in the adhesive force value and in water vapor permeability (WVP). The barrier properties decreased with the increase of the filler content.

scholarly journals Production of starch/poly(lactic acid) sheets containing citric acid and tributyl citrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio José Souza ◽  
Nicolli Grecco Marchiore ◽  
Marcella Vitória Galindo ◽  
Fabio Yamashita ◽  
Marianne Ayumi Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier

In this work thermoplastic starch and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) sheets added of tributyl citrate (TBC) and citric acid was produced by flat extrusion (calendaring-extrusion). The incorporation of TBC and citric acid reduced the rigidity, increased the water vapor permeability (WVP) and density of the sheets. This occurred probably because these compounds acted as plasticizer for PLA and starch. Thus, it was possible to conclude that it was possible to produce starch and PLA blended sheets by extrusion, but studies are still required to find the appropriate concentration of TBC and citric acid that does not significantly impair the water vapor barrier properties.

scholarly journals Poly (Lactic Acid)/Thermoplastic Starch Films: Effect of Cardoon Seed Epoxidized Oil on Their Chemicophysical, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Turco ◽  
Rodrigo Ortega-Toro ◽  
Riccardo Tesser ◽  
Salvatore Mallardo ◽  
Sofia Collazo-Bigliardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this work, biodegradable films based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and corn thermoplastic starch (TPS), additivated with epoxidized cardoon oil plasticizer (ECO) at 3% by weight with respect to PLA mass fraction, were prepared by melt extrusion process and compression molding. The effect of ECO on structural, thermal, mechanical, barrier, and spectral optical properties of the films was investigated. Spectroscopic analysis evidenced the development of physical interaction between oil and polymers, mainly PLA. In addition, no oil migration occurrence was detected after six months of film preparation, as evidenced by oil mass evaluation by precipitation as well as by 1H-NMR methods, thus highlighting the good inclusion of oil inside the polymeric network. The plasticizing action of the oil induced a lean improvement of the interfacial adhesion between hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic TPS, particularly accentuated in PLA80_ECO composition, as evidenced by morphological analysis of blend fracture surfaces. TGA data underlined that, differently from TPS-based films, PLA-based systems followed one degradative thermal profile suggesting a slight compatibilization effect of epoxidized oil in these films. The shifting of Tg values, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, indicated a weak miscibility at molecular level. Generally, in the investigated blends, the phase separation between PLA and TPS polymers was responsible for the mechanical properties failing; in particular, the tensile strength evidenced a negative deviation from the rule of mixtures, particularly marked in TPS-based blends, where no physical entanglements occurred between the polymers since their immiscibility even in presence of ECO. The epoxidized oil strongly improved the barrier properties (water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (O2P)) of all the films, likely developing a physical barrier to water and oxygen diffusion and solubilization. With respect to neat PLA, PL80 and PL80_ECO films evidenced the improvement of surface wettability, due to the presence of polar groups both in TPS (hydroxyl residues) and in epoxidized oil (oxirane rings). Finally, following to the conditioning in climatic chamber at T = 25 °C and RH = 50%, PLA80 film became opaque due to TPS water absorption, causing a light transmittance decreasing, as evidenced by spectral optical analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of High Pressure Treatment on Poly(lactic acid)/Nano–TiO2 Composite Films

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Chi ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Chunli Fan ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
High Pressure Treatment

The microstructure, thermal properties, mechanical properties and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-TiO2 composite film before and after high pressure treatment were studied. Structural analysis showed that the functional group structure of the high pressure treated composite film did not change. It was found that the high pressure treatment did not form new chemical bonds between the nanoparticles and the PLA. The micro-section of the composite film after high pressure treatment became very rough, and the structure was depressed. Through the analysis of thermal and mechanical properties, high pressure treatment can not only increase the strength and stiffness of the composite film, but also increase the crystallinity of the composite film. Through the analysis of barrier properties, it is found that the barrier properties of composite films after high pressure treatment were been improved by the applied high pressure treatment.

Fabrication of Composite Films Based on Chitosan and Vegetable-Tanned Collagen Fibers Crosslinked with Genipin

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yanchun Liu ◽  
Eleanor M. Brown ◽  
Zhengxin Ma ◽  
Cheng-Kung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Compact Structure

The leather industry generates considerable amounts of solid waste and raises many environmental concerns during its disposal. The presence of collagen in these wastes provides a potential protein source for the fabrication of bio-based value-added products. Herein, a novel composite film was fabricated by incorporating vegetable-tanned collagen fiber (VCF), a mechanically ground powder-like leather waste, into a chitosan matrix and crosslinked with genipin. The obtained composite film showed a compact structure and the hydrogen bonding interactions were confirmed by FTIR analysis, indicating a good compatibility between chitosan and VCF. The optical properties, water absorption capacity, thermal stability, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties of the composite films were characterized. The incorporation of VCF into chitosan led to significant decreases in opacity and solubility of the films. At the same time, the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and thermal stability of the films were improved. The composite film exhibited antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. Results from this research indicated the potential of the genipin-crosslinked chitosan/VCF composites for applications in antimicrobial packaging. 

Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of a Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) Film Incorporated with Thymol

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Ming Wei Yuan ◽  
Ji Yi Yang ◽  
Yu Yue Qin ◽  
Ming Long Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Trimethylene Carbonate

Thymol (TH), which has antimicrobial effect on many food pathogens, was incorporated as antimicrobial agent into composite poly (lactic acid)/poly (trimethylene carbonate)(PLA-PTMC) films. Antimicrobial active films based on PLA-PTMC were prepared by incorporating thymol at five different concentrations: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 %(w/w). The mechanical characterization, water vapor permeability (WVP), and antimicrobial activity of all formulations composite film were carried out. A decrease in elastic modulus was obtained for the active composite film compared with neat PLA-PTMC film. The presence of thymol decreased water vapor permeability, with a significant antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activities of films were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aurous, Listeria, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella. Increasing amount of the thymol in the film caused a significant increase in inhibitory zones. These results suggest that thymol incorporated PLA-PTMC films have a prospectively potential in antimicrobial food packaging.

scholarly journals Barrier Properties and Hydrophobicity of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) Composites Reinforced with Recycled Chinese Spirits Distiller’s Grains

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jun Chen ◽  
Chi-Hui Tsou ◽  
Meng-Lin Tsai ◽  
Jipeng Guo ◽  
Manuel Reyes De Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Distiller's Grains ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Section Structure

Adding natural biomass to poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler is a way to change the properties of PLA. This paper is about preparing PLA/biomass composites by physically melting and blending Chinese Spirits distiller’s grains (CSDG) biomass and PLA to optimize the composite performance. Composites of modified PLA (MPLA) with varying amounts of CSDG were also prepared by the melt-mixing method, and unmodified PLA/CSDG composites were used as a control group for comparative analysis. The functional groups of MPLA enhanced the compatibility between the polymer substrate and CSDG. The composite water vapor/oxygen barrier and mechanical properties were studied. It was found that the barrier and mechanical properties of MPLA/CSDG composites were significantly improved. SEM was adopted to examine the tensile section structure of the composites, and the compatibility between the filler and the matrix was analyzed. An appropriate amount of CSDG had a better dispersibility in the matrix, and it further improved the interfacial bonding force, which in turn improved the composite mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were conducted to determine the crystalline properties and to analyze the stability of the composites. It was found that the CSDG content had a significant effect on the crystallinity. Barrier and biodegradation mechanisms were also discussed.

Research on Preparation and Properties of Edible Composite Protein Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Yun Chen ◽  
Qiao Lei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Protein Films

Edible films based on whey protein isolate and sodium caseinate were prepared by uniform design method. Glycerol has been incorporated into the edible films as a plasticizer. For all types of films, the influences of components and forming temperature on film properties, such as mechanical properties, water solubility, optical properties, gas and water vapor permeability were investigated. The results suggested that glycerol was the most important factor influencing all the properties of edible composite protein films. However, both increases of sodium caseinate concentration and glycerol content contributed to decrease the barrier properties of gas and water vapor. Among the films studied, group D (prepared with 5% whey protein isolate, 2% sodium caseinate, 50% glycerol at the temperature of 50 °C) showed moderate mechanical properties, optical properties, water solubility and maximum barrier properties of gas and water vapor, with tensile strength=5.85MPa, elongation=101.20%, transparency=91.4%, gas permeability rate=49.92cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1and water vapor permeability of 0.128×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.260×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.513×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 1.252×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1at the RH gradient of 10-40%, 10-50%, 10-60%, 10-70%, respectively.

Preparation of Porous Cellulose Packaging Films in Alcohol Coagulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Gao ◽  
Jian Qing Wang ◽  
Xiu Feng Ma ◽  
Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Porous Films ◽  
Packaging Films ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Concerns

The barrier properties of the cellulose packaging films are current concerns for the fields of fruits and vegetables fresh-keeping packaging. One such porous films commonly used the pore formers as hole-forming materials whereas the compatibility and dispersity were not better with the cellulose solutions. In this study, the porous cellulose packaging films were prepared with natural broad-leaved pulp and LiCl/DMAc with different types of coagulation baths. The effects of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, LiCl/DMAc and deionized water coagulation baths on the physical structures, oxygen and water vapor permeabilities and mechanical properties of the films were measured. Based on the scanning electron microscpy (SEM) observation, the cross section was loose when used the alcohol coagulations, especially the films with ethanol coagulation showed dactylopores. It was also found that the oxygen permeability had obviously improving with the effect of ethanol, which compared with water vapor permeability of the films. The porous cellulose packaging films had better mechanical properties and up to 12.7MPa which would satisfy the usage in packaging.

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