Foam rubber from centrifuged and creamed latex

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rungrassamee Suksup ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Udomlak Sukatta ◽  
Wirasak Smitthipong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Foam Rubber ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The main aim of this work is to produce foam rubber using the Dunlop process from in-house creamed latex and compare it with commercial centrifuged latex. The dry rubber content of creamed latex is higher than that of fresh natural latex and traditional centrifuged latex. The creaming agent plays a major role during the preparation of foam rubber and therefore defines the density as well as the elastic and mechanical properties of the final product. Scanning electron microscopy images show lower porosity in rubber foam made from creamed latex compared to that from centrifuged latex. This methodology should have a highly positive impact on the rubber community in both upstream and downstream rubber industries.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Nanocomposite Superhydrophobic Coating

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Divine Sebastian ◽  
Chun-Wei Yao ◽  
Lutfun Nipa ◽  
Ian Lian ◽  
Gary Twu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanocomposite Coating ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coating ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, a mechanically durable anticorrosion superhydrophobic coating is developed using a nanocomposite coating solution composed of silica nanoparticles and epoxy resin. The nanocomposite coating developed was tested for its superhydrophobic behavior using goniometry; surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy; elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; corrosion resistance using atomic force microscopy; and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The nanocomposite coating possesses hierarchical micro/nanostructures, according to the scanning electron microscopy images, and the presence of such structures was further confirmed by the atomic force microscopy images. The developed nanocomposite coating was found to be highly superhydrophobic as well as corrosion resistant, according to the results from static contact angle measurement and potentiodynamic polarization measurement, respectively. The abrasion resistance and mechanical durability of the nanocomposite coating were studied by abrasion tests, and the mechanical properties such as reduced modulus and Berkovich hardness were evaluated with the aid of nanoindentation tests.

Hierarchical Design and Nanomechanics of the Calcified Byssus of Anomia simplex

2009 ◽  
Vol 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob R Eltzholtz ◽  
Marie Krogsgaard ◽  
Henrik Birkedal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Reduced Modulus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractBiology has evolved several strategies for attachment of sedentary animals. In the bivalves, byssi abound and the best known example being the protein-based byssus of the blue mussel and other Mytilidae. In contrast the bivalve Anomia sp. has a single calcified thread. The byssus is hierarchical in design and contains several different types of structures as revealed by scanning electron microscopy images. The mechanical properties of the byssus are probed by nanoindentation. It is found that the mineralized part of the byssus is very stiff with a reduced modulus of about 67 GPa and a hardness of ˜3.7 GPa. This corresponds to a modulus roughly 20% smaller than that of pure calcite and a hardness that is about 20% larger than pure calcite. The results reveal the importance of microstructure on mechanical performance.

Improvement Filler-Rubber Interaction and Mechanical Properties of Silica/NR Vulcanizates by Using Masterbatch Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Waraphorn Buakhlee ◽  
Pimsiree Suwanna ◽  
Wirunya Keawwattana
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Silica Dispersion ◽  
Scanning Electron

Due to the dispersion of silica and reducing filler-filler interaction, the improvement of filler-rubber interaction was enhanced the physical properties of silica/NR compounds. This research was then focused on the production of silica masterbatches with surface treatment by surfactant to enhance the silica dispersion. The silica dispersion examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)c and the mechanical properties of vulcanizates prepared from the masterbatches were compared with those prepared by a conventional direct mixing method. The mechanical properties of silica/NR masterbatches exhibited greater modulus, tensile strength and hardness compared to the corresponding conventional mixes. A better silica/NR interaction of silica/NR masterbatch was achieved confirming by higher the bound rubber content and lower Payne effect, leading to the greater mechanical properties.

Evaluation of the effects of nanomaterials on durability of engineered cementitious composites exposed to the aggressive environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 1807-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mansoori ◽  
Kiachehr Behfarnia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Aggressive Environment ◽  
Freeze And Thaw ◽  
Micro Silica ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of micro silica, nano silica and carbon nanotube in the engineered cementitious composites made with polyvinyl alcohol fibers. Accordingly, the compressive strength and the modulus of the samples rupture were studied to evaluate the impact of micro silica, nano silica and carbon nanotube in engineered cementitious composite. In addition, different curing conditions were considered to investigate the durability of the mixes. In this regard, the mechanical properties of the samples cured in sulphuric acid and freeze and thaw cycling were compared to those cured in water. The results indicated that the mechanical properties were reduced upon exposure to acid and freeze and thaw cycling. It was also found that the application of micro silica and nano silica made the mixtures compacted and reduced the permeability. The module of rupture was increased significantly by the addition of carbon nanotube. Moreover, the evaluation of the samples cured in the aggressive environment showed that the role of carbon nanotube was significant in increasing the durability of the mixes. Further, the scanning electron microscopy images showed that the crack width was reduced by the addition of carbon nanotube. It was also revealed from the scanning electron microscopy images that the polyvinyl alcohol fibers were completely interacted and connected to the paste.

Electron Microscopic Observation of the Longitudinal Organization of Poly (p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aromatic Polyamides ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Clay-Based Brick Porosity Estimation Using Image Processing Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1226-1234
Author(s):  
Safa Jida ◽  
Hassan Ouallal ◽  
Brahim Aksasse ◽  
Mohammed Ouanan ◽  
Mohamed El Amraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Porosity Estimation ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This work intends to apprehend and emphasize the contribution of image-processing techniques and computer vision in the treatment of clay-based material known in Meknes region. One of the various characteristics used to describe clay in a qualitative manner is porosity, as it is considered one of the properties that with “kill or cure” effectiveness. For this purpose, we use scanning electron microscopy images, as they are considered the most powerful tool for characterising the quality of the microscopic pore structure of porous materials. We present various existing methods of segmentation, as we are interested only in pore regions. The results show good matching between physical estimation and Voronoi diagram-based porosity estimation.

scholarly journals Analysis of PLA Composite Filaments Reinforced with Lignin and Polymerised-Lignin-Treated NFC

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2174
Author(s):  
Diana Gregor-Svetec ◽  
Mirjam Leskovšek ◽  
Blaž Leskovar ◽  
Urška Stanković Elesini ◽  
Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Initial Modulus ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most suitable materials for 3D printing. Blending with nanoparticles improves some of its properties, broadening its application possibilities. The article presents a study of composite PLA matrix filaments with added unmodified and lignin/polymerised lignin surface-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The influence of untreated and surface-modified NFC on morphological, mechanical, technological, infrared spectroscopic, and dynamic mechanical properties was evaluated for different groups of samples. As determined by the stereo and scanning electron microscopy, the unmodified and surface-modified NFCs with lignin and polymerised lignin were present in the form of plate-shaped agglomerates. The addition of NFC slightly reduced the filaments’ tensile strength, stretchability, and ability to absorb energy, while in contrast, the initial modulus slightly improved. By adding NFC to the PLA matrix, the bending storage modulus (E’) decreased slightly at lower temperatures, especially in the PLA samples with 3 wt% and 5 wt% NFC. When NFC was modified with lignin and polymerised lignin, an increase in E’ was noticed, especially in the glassy state.

scholarly journals Microscopic Cords, a Virulence-Related Characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Are Also Present in Nonpathogenic Mycobacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (7) ◽  
pp. 1751-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Julián ◽  
Mónica Roldán ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi ◽  
Oihane Astola ◽  
Gemma Agustí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trehalose Dimycolate ◽  
Cord Factor ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Colonial Morphology ◽  
Related Characteristic ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT The aggregation of mycobacterial cells in a definite order, forming microscopic structures that resemble cords, is known as cord formation, or cording, and is considered a virulence factor in the M ycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the species M ycobacterium marinum. In the 1950s, cording was related to a trehalose dimycolate lipid that, consequently, was named the cord factor. However, modern techniques of microbial genetics have revealed that cording can be affected by mutations in genes not directly involved in trehalose dimycolate biosynthesis. Therefore, questions such as “How does mycobacterial cord formation occur?” and “Which molecular factors play a role in cord formation?” remain unanswered. At present, one of the problems in cording studies is the correct interpretation of cording morphology. Using optical microscopy, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between cording and clumping, which is a general property of mycobacteria due to their hydrophobic surfaces. In this work, we provide a new way to visualize cords in great detail using scanning electron microscopy, and we show the first scanning electron microscopy images of the ultrastructure of mycobacterial cords, making this technique the ideal tool for cording studies. This technique has enabled us to affirm that nonpathogenic mycobacteria also form microscopic cords. Finally, we demonstrate that a strong correlation exists between microscopic cords, rough colonial morphology, and increased persistence of mycobacteria inside macrophages.

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