A simple and green approach to the preparation of super tough IIR/SWCNTs nanocomposites with tunable and strain responsive electrical conductivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Xin Guo ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
Lishui Sun ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Guangye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Octyl Phenol ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

Abstract Nanocomposites of single-wall carbon nanotubes in isobutylene isoprene rubber (IIR/SWCNTs) were successfully prepared by a simple and green wet process. The traditional melt mixing process and organic solvent dissolution suffered from unable to effectively disperse the SWCNTs of tangled structure, and degradation of polymer molecules, respectively. Our process very well avoided these two problems. The SWCNTs aqueous solutions emulsified by polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether (OP-10) were firstly mixed and compounded with IIR rubber at a relatively high temperature, followed by the second step of melt compounding process with the addition of cross-linking agent and accelerators. The SWCNTs were dispersed uniformly, and a fine network was constructed in the matrix of the obtained IIR/SWCNTs nanocomposite with a low percolation threshold. With the concentration of SWCNTs as low as 2 phr, the IIR/SWCNTs nanocomposite received an electrical conductivity of 10−6∼10−3 S/cm, and a 71% improvement of tensile strength. By varying the loadings of SWCNTs in a certain range, the tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and dielectric property were found tunable. Besides, the nanocomposites also presented strain responsive specific resistance, excellent elongation (600–740%), and better heat resistance.

Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelet Filling in Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Antistatic Nanocomposite Using Combination of Solution and Melt Mixing Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutchawan Siriyong ◽  
Wirunya Keawwattana ◽  
Jin Kuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Simple Combination

A simple combination of solution mixing and melt mixing method for the preparation of fully exfoliated and dispersed graphene nanoplatelet (xGnP) in thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) as NBR/PVC (NVC) blend (70:30) has been successfully demonstrated. Two different types of H5−xGnP (~53 layers) and C750−xGnP (~16 layers) were used in this study. The amount of xGnP filled in the nanocomposite has been varied from 0-3 phr. The electrical and mechanical properties of filled TPNR nanocomposites were increased with the increase in both of xGnP types loading. The results suggest that the process provides us a much better dispersion and exfoliation of xGnP into the matrix than direct mixing method. With comparing xGnP types, the number of layer stacked xGnP has significant effect on the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of nanocomposites, the lower the number of layer stacked xGnP, the higher mechanical and electrical properties. The tensile strength of pre−dispersed H5− and C750−xGnP−NR/NVC nanocomposites at 3 phr loading were increased by ~16 % and ~34% respectively compared to conventional direct mixing. While dramatic enhancement of electrical conductivity for the pre−dispersed H5− and C750−xGnP/TPNR nanocomposites has been changed from insulating range to antistatic range.

Poly(Butylene Succinate) Composites Reinforced with Short Sisal Fibres

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Shibata ◽  
Retsu Makino ◽  
Ryutoku Yosomiya ◽  
Hiroyuku Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
The Matrix

Poly(butylene succinate) composites reinforced with short sisal fibre were prepared by melt mixing and subsequent injection moulding. The influence of fibre length, fibre content and the surface treatment of the natural fibres on the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. Regarding fibre length, the tensile and flexural properties of the composites had maxima at a fibre length of about 5 mm. The flexural and tensile moduli of the composites increased with increasing fibre content. Although the tensile strength hardly changed, the flexural strength increased up to a fibre content of 10 wt%. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the composites showed that the storage moduli at above ca.-16°C (corresponding to the glass transition temperature of the matrix) increased with increasing fibre content.

Improvement on Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Matrix by Using the Solvent with a Low Boiling Point

2018 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Xiang Fu ◽  
Maximiano Ramos ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily ◽  
Xi Yong Huang ◽  
Nargis Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Dispersion Method ◽  
Evaporation Time ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Dispersion State

Polymer nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes attract a great deal of attention recently due to their excellent performance. The dispersion state of CNTs embedded in the matrix is the primary and key issue to realize the potential of the nanocomposite. Here, this paper considers how the boiling point of solvent affects the performance of the nanocomposite when the ultrasonication dispersion method is employed. It is found that solvent with a low boiling point is conducive to save evaporation time so that CNTs can maintain the homogenous dispersion state as much as possible after ultrasonication. Therefore, the stretchability and tensile strength can be improved, while the electrical conductivity has an obvious enhancement as well.

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles and gamma irradiation in optimising mechanical and the DC-electrical properties of nylon 66

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 3595-3610
Author(s):  
A Abdeldaym ◽  
MA Elhady
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
The Impact

This study used an aqueous precipitation method to synthesise copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Nylon 66/CuO-based nanocomposites were prepared through a melt-mixing process using CuO nanoparticles with differing contents (1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) and varying doses of gamma radiation (100, 200 and 300 kGy). The study also investigated the impact of these combinations on the structural, mechanical and DC-electrical attributes of nylon 66. The combination of CuO nanoparticles and gamma irradiation caused nylon 66 to undergo structural changes verified through X-ray diffraction measurement and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the nylon 66/CuO nanocomposites and revealed that the CuO nanoparticles belonging to the nylon 66 matrixes had a homogeneous dispersion. According to the mechanical finding, the influence of CuO nanoparticles and gamma irradiation significantly augmented the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites. However, this addition led to a decline of elongation at break. To better understand the tensile mechanism, a correlation of tensile strength using theoretical models premised on Money, Einstein and Pukanszky were undertaken. The optimal deviation was exhibited by the Pukanszky model using tensile plots on an experimental basis. The study also examined the nanocomposite’s DC-electrical conductivity; electrical conductivity increased with CuO nanoparticle content and gamma irradiation. For every sample, the prevailing transport mechanism was the Poole–Frenkel emission. This finding is encouraging for the development of innovative materials with augmented tensile strength and nanoelectronic devices.

Poly(∊-Caprolactone) Composites Reinforced with Short Abaca Fibres

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Shibata ◽  
Ryutoku Yosomiya ◽  
Noritaka Ohta ◽  
Atsushi Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroyuku Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Poly Caprolactone ◽  
Butyric Anhydride

The tensile properties of poly( ∊-caprolactone) (PCL) composites reinforced with short abaca fibres (length ca. 5 mm) prepared by melt mixing and subsequent injection molding were investigated and compared with PCL composites reinforced with glass fibres (GF). The influence of fibre content and surface esterification of the natural fibre on the tensile properties was evaluated. The tensile strength and moduli of all the PCL/abaca composites increased with increasing fibre content. All the PCL/abaca composites had a higher tensile strength than the PCL/GF composites when the fibre weight fraction was the same. The tensile strength of the PCL/abaca composites was improved by surface esterification of the abaca with acetic anhydride or butyric anhydride in the presence of pyridine, because of the increase in the interfacial adhesiveness between the matrix polyester and the esterificated fibre, as is obvious from the SEM photographs.

Influences of carbon fillers on electrical conductivity and crystallinity of polyethylene terephthalate

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xin ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Siew Hwa Chan ◽  
Jianhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Dispersion State ◽  
Forms Of Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fillers ◽  
Melt Annealing

Three forms of carbon, i.e., carbon nanotubes (CNT), conductive carbon black (CCB), and graphite (G), were added to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to prepare several types of composites, namely, CNT/PET, CCB/PET, G/PET, CNT/CCB/PET, and CNT/G/PET composites, using melt compounding, followed by injection molding. These composites were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrical conductivity measurements. It was found that the addition of these conductive fillers could result in the electrically conductive composites directly but the conductivities were dependent on many factors including filler type, content, dispersion state in the matrix, complementary effect of two fillers (i.e., dual fillers), and post melt annealing. Among those carbon/PET composites studied, the highest conductivity that could be reached was 1.2 S/cm, which was 17 orders of magnitude higher than that of the matrix PET. The melt annealing process was found to remarkably enhance the electrical conductivity of carbon/PET composites. CNT, CCB, and G, all could act as nucleating agents but the crystallinity of PET decreased with increasing the filler content in the composites. All types of fillers caused shifting of the crystallization temperature to higher temperatures. The mechanisms for the effects of carbon fillers on electrical conductivity and cystallinity of PET have been proposed and discussed.

scholarly journals Boron Doping of SWCNTs as a Way to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of Melt-Mixed Polypropylene/SWCNT Composites

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Krause ◽  
Viktor Bezugly ◽  
Vyacheslav Khavrus ◽  
Liu Ye ◽  
Gianaurelio Cuniberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Boron Doping ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Composites based on the matrix polymer polypropylene (PP) filled with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and boron-doped SWCNTs (B-SWCNTs) were prepared by melt-mixing to analyze the influence of boron doping of SWCNTs on the thermoelectric properties of these nanocomposites. It was found that besides a significantly higher Seebeck coefficient of B-SWCNT films and powder packages, the values for B-SWCNT incorporated in PP were higher than those for SWCNTs. Due to the higher electrical conductivity and the higher Seebeck coefficients of B-SWCNTs, the power factor (PF) and the figure of merit (ZT) were also higher for the PP/B-SWCNT composites. The highest value achieved in this study was a Seebeck coefficient of 59.7 µV/K for PP with 0.5 wt% B-SWCNT compared to 47.9 µV/K for SWCNTs at the same filling level. The highest PF was 0.78 µW/(m·K2) for PP with 7.5 wt% B-SWCNT. SWCNT macro- and microdispersions were found to be similar in both composite types, as was the very low electrical percolation threshold between 0.075 and 0.1 wt% SWCNT. At loadings between 0.5 and 2.0 wt%, B-SWCNT-based composites have one order of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than those based on SWCNT. The crystallization behavior of PP is more strongly influenced by B-SWCNTs since their composites have higher crystallization temperatures than composites with SWCNTs at a comparable degree of crystallinity. Boron doping of SWCNTs is therefore a suitable way to improve the electrical and thermoelectric properties of composites.

Carbon Nanofiber Reinforced Composites for Enhanced Conductivity, Strength, and Tensile Modulus

2002 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Tibbetts ◽  
Ioana C. Finegan ◽  
Choongyong Kwag
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Static Discharge ◽  
Modest Degree

AbstractCarbon nanofibers of diameter 200 nm may be used as an additive to thermoplastics for applications requiring electrical conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties. The electrical properties of nanofiber in thermoplastics such as nylon and polypropylene and are very attractive compared with those provided by other conventional conducting additives. Because of the low diameter of the nanofibers used, the onset of electrical conductivity (percolation threshold) can be below 1 volume %. Because of the highly conductive nature of the fibers, particularly after a graphitization step, the composites can reach resistivities as low as 0.15 Ohm cm. These conducting composites may be used for applications such as radio frequency interference shielding, primerless electrostatic painting, and static discharge. In order to make composites having excellent mechanical properties, good adhesion between fiber and matrix is essential. Carbon nanofiber-matrix adhesion was studied after surface treating the fibers using a variety of methods. Among as-grown fibers, those produced with longer gas phase feedstock residence times in the fiber growth reactor were less graphitic but adhered to a polypropylene matrix better, giving improved tensile strength and modulus Two chemical treatments were found to be somewhat effective in increasing tensile strength, but both decreased the modulus.. A modest degree of oxidation was also found to increase adhesion to the matrix and increase composite tensile strength, while extended oxidation attacked the fibers sufficiently to decrease composite properties.

Microstructures and Properties of Y2O3/La2O3/Cu Composite by Internal Oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 236-237 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Ming Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Internal Oxidation ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Arc Erosion ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Atomization Spray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Erosion Surface

The 1.5%Y2O3/1.5%La2O3/Cu composite was prepared by oxygen and nitrogen atomization spray deposition technique and internal oxidation. The microstructures, hardness, strength, electrical conductivity and arc erosion surface of the composite were investigated by optical light microscope, scanning electron microscope, micro-hardness tester, tensile test and arc erosion experiment. The results show that, with the increasing of internal oxidation temperature, the grains of the composite grow up obviously. When the internal oxidation reaches to 1000°C, the matrix grains begin to appear annealing twins. The micro-hardness was 436HV, the ultimate tensile strength was 580MPa, yield tensile strength was 503MPa, elongation of alloy was 8.7% and the electrical conductivity was 87% IACS of the composite by internal oxidation at 1000°C for 2h.The arc erosion surface shows a large number of paste-like coagulum and bubbles. Introduction

Properties of styrene-ethylene-butylene styrene block copolymer/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112199129
Author(s):  
Marissa A Paglicawan ◽  
Josefina R Celorico
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Exfoliated Graphite ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Styrene Content

Three different types of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) with varying ratios of styrene and rubber were melt-compounded with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets at different loadings. The morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied and compared. Morphological observation under SEM and AFM found that the xGnPs were dispersed at the sub-micron level throughout the SEBS matrix. Good interfacial adhesion between the xGnPs and the matrix was also observed. However, the behavior of dispersion was dependent on the styrene/rubber content. SEBS with higher styrene content showed better dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion between the xGnPs and SEBS matrix. These results contributed to the enhancement of the tensile strength of the nanocomposites. Low styrene content behaved like rubber that resulted in low tensile strength but higher elongation compared to SEBS of different amounts of styrene. The XRD patterns indicated that the melt compounding process did not change the d-spacing of xGnPs in all types of SEBS. From the thermal analysis, there was no change in the glass transition of the polymer and no improvement in the thermal stability of the nanocomposites.

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