scholarly journals Athletes′ criticism of coaching behavior: Differences among gender, and type of sport

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Bebetsos ◽  
Filippos Filippou ◽  
George Bebetsos
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Greek Version ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
Practice Time ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Gender Type

Abstract Most athletes are subject to intense mental and physical pressure not only during competition but also during practice. An important variable which may influence athletes′ performance is coaching behavior. The aim of the present study is to investigate if coaching behavior and its antecedents differentiate athletes according to their gender, type of sport, competition experience and weekly practice-time. The sample consisted of 367 male and female athletes who participated in both individual and team sports. They completed the Greek version of the “Coaching Behavior Questionnaire” (CBQ). Results indicated that coaching behavior differentiated athletes of individual sports, and athletes of team sports and experienced women with experienced men. Furthermore, coaches’ behavior contributed to the differentiation on athletes who practice more than those who practice less. In conclusion, these results could help athletes, coaches and sport professionals become more familiar with psychological aspects that influence athletes′ behavior.

scholarly journals Anxiety in Athletes: Gender and Type of Sport Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Marco Estêvão Correia ◽  
António Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Sports

The study of anxiety, specifically its relations with sociodemographic variables, has been fruitfull in sport psychology research. This study aimed to investigate athletes’ sport anxiety regarding differences in gender and sport played. An application of structural equation modeling was made, with 601 Portuguese athletes. From them 172 (28.6%) were female and 429 (71.4%) were male. They competed in a variety of individual (e.g., athletics, climbing, orienteering, surfing, swimming, tennis; 42.6%) and team sports (e.g., basketball, handball, rugby, soccer, volleyball; 57.4%). Participants’ age ranged from 12 to 47 years (M = 17.44 years; SD = 4.99). After testing the measurement invariance of the first and second-order models, across gender and type of sport (individual vs. team), latent mean comparisons were investigated and Cohen’s d (1988) statistic was computed to obtain the corresponding effect sizes (Kline, 2016). Significant differences were detected between male and female athletes and between individual and team sports. Female and individual sports athletes presented higher levels of general sports anxiety. The results of this research provided evidence that anxiety is appraised differently by athletes based on their gender and type of sport.

scholarly journals Examination of “Pre-competition” anxiety levels, of mid-distance runners: A quantitative approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Bebetsos ◽  
Dimitrios Goulimaris
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Greek Version ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Mid-distance runners are subject to intense cognitive and somatic anxiety, not only during competition but also during practice. An important variable which may influence athletes’ performance is perceived behavioral control on anxiety. The aim of the present study was to examine whether aspects such as sex, sport/competition experience and weekly practices, differentiated the participants respectively. The participants consisted of 110 athletes, 61 male and 49 female athletes, between the ages of 15 and 28 (Μ=20.05, SD=2.82).They all completed the Greek version of the “Pre- Race Questionnaire”. Results indicated differences between the less experienced and more experienced athletes in almost all factors of the questionnaire, for both sport/competition experience, and weekly practices. No gender differences were shown. Overall, results could help sport professionals such as coaches and the athletes themselves, become more familiar with the sport-specific psychological aspects involved in their unique sport.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Behavior, Perception of Threat, Stress and Training Patterns of Olympic and Paralympic Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12780
Author(s):  
María José Martínez-Patiño ◽  
Francisco Javier Blas Lopez ◽  
Michel Dubois ◽  
Eric Vilain ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
And Training

Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent confinement on behaviors, perception of threat, stress, state of mind and training patterns among Olympic and Paralympic level athletes. Methods: Data gathering was performed utilizing an online questionnaire during imposed confinement. A correlational design with incidental sampling for convenience was used. All the variables were analyzed by age, gender, academic training, type of participation and sport specialty on a population composed of 447 Olympic (age: 26.0 ± 7.5 years) and 64 Paralympic (age: 28.4 ± 10.5 years) athletes. Results: The athletes trained more than twice as many hours before than during confinement. Most of the athletes recognized that their best athletic performance diminished due to the COVID-19 confinement but that will recover after the pandemic and its confinements. Almost half of the athletes declared they were more tired than normal and had difficulty sleeping, while more than half ate more or less as usual. Paralympic athletes reported they felt more capable to cope with personal problems and life events and felt less lonely during the confinement than the Olympians. The athletes from team sports reported to be more affected in their training routine than athletes of individual sports, seeing their athletic performance more affected. Athletes in individual sports felt more able to cope with personal problems than athletes in team sports. Female athletes were significantly more tired and reported more difficulty sleeping than male athletes. Conclusion: The situation caused by COVID-19 has had significant effects on the behavior, perception of threat, stress and training patterns of Olympic and Paralympic athletes preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It is necessary that sports institutions reinforce mechanisms of help for athletes during future situations of confinement.

scholarly journals Examination of Cognitive Flexibility Levels of Young Individual and Team Sport Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehmus Aslan
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Sports

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of cognitive flexibility of individual and team athletes who are students. The study included a total of 237 volunteer athletes, comprising 140 males (59.1%) and 97 females (40.9%) with a mean age of 18.98 ± 2.18 years (range, 16-26 years) who were licensed to participate in individual and team sports. Study data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Scale developed by Martin and Rubin (1995), which consists of 12 items in total. International validity and reliability studies were conducted by Martin and Rubin, and Turkish validity and reliability studies were conducted by Çelikkaleli on high school students (Çelikkaleli, 2014). The scores of the Cognitive Flexibility Scale were found to be higher in the team sports athletes compared with the individual sports athletes (p<0.05). No difference was determined between the levels of cognitive flexibility in male and female athletes. The results indicated that the cognitive flexibility levels of team athletes are higher than those of individual athletes.

Relationship between Preference for a Type of Sport and Two Aspects of Personality: Social Alienation and Self-Esteem

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton F. De Man ◽  
Ghyslaine Blais
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Alienation ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Relationship

96 casual sport participants took part in a study investigating the relationship between sport-preference and social alienation and between sport-preference and self-esteem. 32 subjects were primarily involved in individual sports, 32 in team-of-two sports, and 32 in larger team sports. Males and females were equally represented in each group. Preference for team sports was related to lower levels of social alienation in male and female participants. Higher levels of self-esteem were found among males involved in individual sports and females participating in team sports.

scholarly journals COLLEGE ATHLETES’ PERCEPTIONS OF COACHING BEHAVIOURS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (101) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Aleksic Veljkovic ◽  
Dusanka Djurovic ◽  
Ivana Dimic ◽  
Rifat Mujanovic ◽  
Kamenka Zivcic Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
Individual Sports

Background. The aim of this research was to examine differences between athletes’ perception of coaching behaviors in individual and team sports. Methods. College athletes (N = 100) participated in the study. Three questionnaires were administered to the athletes: Demographic questionnaire, Leadership Scale for Sports and Negative Coaching Behavior Questionnaire. Results. The results of this study revealed the significant differences among athletes’ perception of coaching behaviors in individual and team sports. Individual athletes in this study gave higher ratings to training and instruction, social support and positive feedback leader behavior from their coaches. Also, athletes from individual sports had smaller scores on two dimensions and total score of negative coaching behavior questionnaire. Conclusion. Those findings suggest that the behavior of the coach directed towards improving the performance of athletes` was higher evaluated from athletes in individual sports. Further studies should provide more information about coaches’ behavior during the competitive.

scholarly journals Leg Volume and Mass Scales of Elite Male and Female Athletes in Some Olympic Sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Sevde Mavi Var ◽  
Irfan MARANGOZ
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Package Program

This study aims to scale average leg volume and mass scales of elite male and female athletes in some olympicsports. A total of 280 elite athletes comprising of 200 males and 80 females studying at School of Physical Educationand Sports at University of Kirsehir Ahi Evran voluntarily participated in this study. Frustum and Hanavan methodswere used to determine leg volume and mass, respectively. SPSS 22.0 package program for Windows was used fordescriptive statistics analysis of the study. The present study found average leg volume and mass scale of maleathletes in football, basketball, volleyball, handball, gymnastics and wrestling and female athletes in football,basketball, volleyball, handball, gymnastics, box, taekwondo and tennis. It was observed in the related scale that legvolume of the athletes in the lowest weight classes in weight sports were lower. In other words, leg volume and massof the athletes were in direct proportion to their weight class. When the scale of female athletes is analyzed, it can benoted that volleyball players have the highest leg volume and mass among team sports players.

Athlete-Perceived Coaching Behaviors: Relating Two Measurement Traditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Cumming ◽  
Ronald E. Smith ◽  
Frank L. Smoll
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Behavior Assessment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Teaching Ability ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Coaching Behavior

For more than two decades, the behavioral categories of the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) and the Coaching Behavior Assessment System (CBAS) have been used by a wide range of researchers to measure coaching behaviors, yet little is known about how the behavioral categories in the two models relate statistically to one another. Male and female athletes on 63 high school teams (N = 645) completed the LSS and the athlete-perception version of the CBAS (CBAS-PBS) following the sport season, and they evaluated their coaches. Several of Chelladurai’s (1993) hypotheses regarding relations among behavioral categories of the two models were strongly supported. However, many significant and overlapping correlations between LSS subscales and CBAS-PBS behavioral categories cast doubt upon the specificity of relations between the two instruments. The LSS and the CBAS-PBS accounted for similar and notable amounts of variance in athletes’ liking for their coach and evaluations of their knowledge and teaching ability.

Physique Anxiety and Disordered Eating Correlates in Female Athletes: Differences in Team and Individual Sports

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Haase
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Bulimic Symptom ◽  
Individual Sports

As female athletes participating in physique-salient sports report similar levels of social physique anxiety (SPA) and disordered eating symptoms compared with those in nonphysique salient sports, alternative factors contributing to disordered eating require consideration, specifically participation in sport type (team vs. individual). This study examined SPA and disordered eating correlates in female athletes (N= 137) in two sport types (team sports and individual sports). Individual sport athletes exhibited higher SPA,F(1, 135) = 22.03,p< .001; dieting, Brown and Forsythe’sF(1, 57.05) = 43.79,p< .001; and bulimic behavior, Brown and Forsythe’sF(1, 59.92) = 13.45,p= .001 than team sport athletes. SPA and sport type together predicted 44% of dieting and 22% of bulimic symptom variance, suggesting that individual-sport athletes with higher SPA experienced greater disordered eating. Involvement in individual sports where physique is more open to social evaluation may contribute to dieting and bulimic symptoms among female athletes.

Attitudes of Elite Athletes Toward Female Coaches in Hong Kong

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee lee Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Female Coaches

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of 130 male and female athletes toward female coaches in Hong Kong. Athletes, selected from 14 individual sports, responded to a questionnaire that included 34 attitudes’ items using a 5-point Likert Scale and a question involving preference, in which subjects indicated their preferences toward male or female coaches. An independent t-test analysis (p < .05) revealed that athletes reported a favorable attitude toward female coaches. Chi-Square analysis revealed that athletes preferred a male coach to a female coach.

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