Attitudes of Elite Athletes Toward Female Coaches in Hong Kong

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee lee Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Female Coaches

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of 130 male and female athletes toward female coaches in Hong Kong. Athletes, selected from 14 individual sports, responded to a questionnaire that included 34 attitudes’ items using a 5-point Likert Scale and a question involving preference, in which subjects indicated their preferences toward male or female coaches. An independent t-test analysis (p < .05) revealed that athletes reported a favorable attitude toward female coaches. Chi-Square analysis revealed that athletes preferred a male coach to a female coach.

scholarly journals Motivation for Participation in Sports Based on Athletes in Team and Individual Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Moradi ◽  
Alireza Bahrami ◽  
Amir Dana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Kung Fu ◽  
Participation Motivation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Sports

AbstractThere are many reasons why individuals are motivated to participate in sports. For athletes to participate in and keep up exercise, investigating the participation motivation of athletes is necessary. The aim of this study was to compare sport participation motivation of athletes in team and individual disciplines. The sample consisted of 265 athletes including four teams from football, volleyball, basketball, and handball and two individual disciplines of kung fu and taekwondo which were randomly selected. The 30-item sports participation motivation questionnaire (PMQ) was used. Analysis of data was conducted by the use of independent-samples t-test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the sports participation motivation of athletes in a team and individual sports as well as between male and female athletes. But, among the components of the sports participation motivation, only the aspect of achievement in a team and individual sports and the aspect of finding friendship in male and female athletes existed, no other significant difference was observed. The results of this study show that sports discipline and the athlete’s gender is effective in motivating athletes’ continuation and commitment to a physical activity.

Exploring Indices of Disordered Eating Literacy in Male and Female Athletes: Knowledge Gaps and Lay Beliefs as Predictors of Attitudes Toward Help-Seeking

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhain McArdle ◽  
Phil Moore
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Lay Beliefs ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The aim of this pilot study was to explore disordered eating (DE) literacy in male and female athletes and to examine whether any gender differences were present. A related aim was to examine the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between indices of DE literacy and attitudes toward help-seeking for DE. A nonclinical sample of 133 (37% male) athletes from a variety of sports and competitive levels were recruited to complete an online questionnaire addressing a range of topics linked to DE literacy. Chi-square analysis indicated no significant gender differences on indicators of DE literacy. Findings from the survey revealed a number of beliefs conducive to low or inappropriate help-seeking for DE. The results highlight the importance of exploring DE literacy in athletes to develop more targeted interventions for this specific population.

Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Lori Rittenhouse-Wollmuth ◽  
Cindra S. Kamphoff ◽  
Jon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Female Coaches

Historically, the world of sport is considered a masculine domain characterized by power, aggression, and physical contact (Hall, 1996). The exclusionary elements of the male culture of sport have created gender inequities in participation (Birrell & Theberge, 1994), and a gendered perception of male and female coaches (Frankl & Babitt, 1998; Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of male and female collegiate athletes of a hypothetical male and female coach, and to determine if female coaches are more accepted compared to Weinberg et al.’s study investigating male and female athletes’ perceptions of a hypothetical coach. The Attitudinal Questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984) was utilized to determine athletes’ attitudes about a hypothetical coach. A 2 × 2 MANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the gender of a hypothetical head coach and the gender of an athlete, and a significant main effect for gender. Univariate ANOVA results indicate that males and females differed in their attitudes and perceptions of both a hypothetical male and female head coach. The female athletes, compared to male athletes, were more likely to be accepting of coaches regardless of the coaches’ gender. Furthermore, male athletes were less accepting of female coaches. In addition, when comparing the means of the current study to Weinberg et al.’s (1984) study, results indicate that female coaches were not more accepted than in 1984.

scholarly journals What We Fail to See in Neuro-Genetic Diseases: A Bird’s Eye View from the Developing World

2020 ◽  
pp. 097275312095006
Author(s):  
Navami Samaranayake ◽  
Pulasthi Dissanayaka ◽  
Isuru Gunarathna ◽  
Lakmal Gonawala ◽  
Nalaka Wijekoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Progressive neurological genetic diseases are not rare. They cause psychosocial damages to its victims. This article focuses on common psychosocial issues faced by those from the developing world. Methods: A multicentre observational survey of 246 patients from teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka. Participants were clinically and genetically confirmed by neurologists and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience (ICIBN) respectively from 2014 to 2018. Convenience sample with random geographical distribution. Factors were equally weighted. ANOVA, Student’s t-test and chi-square analysis were used. Statistical Software R Statistics—version 3.5 and one-sample t-test with CI = 95% was used. This study meets the ethical guidelines of the local institutional review boards which are in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Results: Sample included 184 males and 62 females of 3–76 years with either Duchenne muscular dystrophy (n=121), spinocerebellar ataxia ( n = 87) or Huntington disease ( n = 38). Mean income of the affected is lower than the standard average monthly income ( P ≤ .001). Consultation visits depend on the monthly income (CI 20421.074–34709.361; P ≤ .001). Conclusion: Poverty is inversely proportionate to the patients’ living conditions. As developing countries are financially challenged, it is a societal challenge to rebuild our values to enhance their living status.

Reasons for Career Termination in Danish Elite Athletes: Investigating Gender Differences and the Time-point as Potential Correlates

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Moesch
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Being There ◽  
Career Termination ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Introduction: Career termination, an inevitable step in every athlete’s career, has received increased attention within sport psychological research. A career termination that results in psychological problems is of special concern for sport federations, organizations and clubs. Research has shown that it is crucial to consider an athlete’s the reason for career termination. There is evidence that the causes of an involuntary and unplanned career termination are disadvantageous for athletes’ well-being. There are many important aspects of career termination, such as cultural and social aspects, gender, and the time-point of the occurrence. The present study therefore aims at investigating the causes of career termination and possible correlates with gender and the time-point thereof among Danish elite athletes. Method: Data was gathered from 68 retired Danish elite athletes about their reasons for career termination and about its time-point. A qualitative analysis with the reasons mentioned by the athletes was performed. Moreover, t-tests and chi-square tests were conducted to analyze differences between males and females, and among athletes ending their career at different time-points in their career. Results: The results revealed 10 different reasons given for career termination with lack of motivation, injury or health problems and family related reasons being the top three. Female athletes mentioned that they ended their career due to family-related reasons more often than their male peers. More than a third of all athletes ended their career before their perceived achievement of peak performance. Financial reasons seemed to be of more importance for career termination for athletes ending their career before or at peaking, whereas family-related reasons were more often mentioned by athletes during or after their performance peak. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study provide an overview of the career termination reasons of Danish elite athletes, which can provide practitioners and organizations with helpful insight when designing respective interventions. When planning such interventions it could be advantageous to deliver specific support for women to enable them to optimally combine family life with an elite sport career.

scholarly journals ACL Injuries Aren’t Just for Girls: The Role of Age in Predicting Pediatric ACL Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
David A. Bloom ◽  
Adam J. Wolfert ◽  
Andrew Michalowitz ◽  
Laith M. Jazrawi ◽  
Cordelia W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Acl Tear ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Female athletes have a higher rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than male athletes; however, the role of age in mediating this injury risk has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between age and sex in predicting ACL injury in the pediatric population. Hypothesis: Prepubescent boys are more likely to sustain an ACL injury than prepubescent girls. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Data were collected from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database for the state of New York from 1996 to 2016. The database was queried for patients aged ≤19 years who had been diagnosed with an ACL tear using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 844.2 or the ICD-10 (10th Revision) codes S83.512A/S83.511A/S83.519A. Patient age and sex at time of ACL injury diagnosis were recorded. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the frequency of ACL injury between groups, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 20,128 patients aged ≤19 years were diagnosed with an ACL tear (10,830 males, 9298 females; male:female, 1.16:1). In all, 129 patients aged <12 years sustained an ACL tear (85 boys, 44 girls; male:female, 1.93:1), and 19,999 of those patients were aged 12 to 19 years (10,745 males, 9254 females; male:female, 1.16:1). Chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between sex and age group ( P < 0.006). Additional analysis revealed that female athletes were most at risk for ACL injury from ages 12 to 16 years, with 4025 male and 5095 female athletes sustaining ACL injuries in this group (male:female, 1:1.27; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Prepubescent boys (aged <12 years) are more likely to sustain an ACL injury than same-aged female peers. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates that the risk of ACL injury varies with age and sex throughout childhood and adolescence, further guiding treatment and prevention for these pediatric athletes.

scholarly journals STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL: HUBUNGAN LOKASI SEKOLAH (PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN) DENGAN STATUS GIZI MURID SEKOLAH DASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Rosyanne Kushargina ◽  
Nunung Cipta Dainy
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Location ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Almost All

Background: Adequate nutrition plays an important roles for children on school age to developed and maintain their growth and health. Many factors could affect the nutritional status of school children, one of them is the school location.Objectives: To analysis the correlation between school location with nutritional status of elementary school students.Method: The research design used was a cross-sectional design. 80 subjects were observed from two different schools namely SDN 1 Cikelet Garut (Urban) and SDN Pesanggrahan 02 Pagi Jakarta Selatan (Rural). The relationship of school location and gender with nutritional status were analyzed using Chi Square. Independent Sample T-test used to analyze nutritional status based on different locations.Result: In rural there are 25% of children with over nutritional status (weight/age). There are still stunted child both in urban (7.50%) and rural (10%), but based on weight/height nutritional status, almost all subjects in both urban (92.50%) and rural (97.50%) in obese category. Chi Square analysis showed that the school location was significantly related (P 0.05) only with the weight/age nutritional status. Gender is significantly related to height/age nutritional status. The majority of boys (15,4%) are shorter than girls (2,4%). The results of the Independent Sample T-test based on location, showed that the nutritional status of subjects in urban was significantly different (P0.05) from the nutritional status of subjects in rural. In line with this, based in gender there is significantly different (P0.05) in nutritional status between boy and girl.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that differences in school locations are related to the nutritional status of elementary school students.

scholarly journals Impact of Social Media on Buying Decision in Chennai

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3410-3412
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Income Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Cost Advantage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leadership Process

The purchasing choice process is the basic leadership process utilized by shoppers with respect to showcase exchanges previously, amid, and after the buy of a decent or administration. It tends to be viewed as a specific type of a cost– advantage investigation within the sight of numerous alternatives.Basic cases incorporate shopping and choosing what to eat. Basic leadership is a mental develop.The study used 1450 respondents for the purpose of understanding the buying decision . Chi-square , independent t test and correlation are the various tests used in this research . The research shows than male and female have different perspective regarding social media advertisement.If the income level is increased then the customers are not bothered purchase decision.Most of the social media product advertisement is for teens only . Marital status does not create impact on the effect of advertisement in purchase decision

scholarly journals Anxiety in Athletes: Gender and Type of Sport Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Marco Estêvão Correia ◽  
António Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Sports

The study of anxiety, specifically its relations with sociodemographic variables, has been fruitfull in sport psychology research. This study aimed to investigate athletes’ sport anxiety regarding differences in gender and sport played. An application of structural equation modeling was made, with 601 Portuguese athletes. From them 172 (28.6%) were female and 429 (71.4%) were male. They competed in a variety of individual (e.g., athletics, climbing, orienteering, surfing, swimming, tennis; 42.6%) and team sports (e.g., basketball, handball, rugby, soccer, volleyball; 57.4%). Participants’ age ranged from 12 to 47 years (M = 17.44 years; SD = 4.99). After testing the measurement invariance of the first and second-order models, across gender and type of sport (individual vs. team), latent mean comparisons were investigated and Cohen’s d (1988) statistic was computed to obtain the corresponding effect sizes (Kline, 2016). Significant differences were detected between male and female athletes and between individual and team sports. Female and individual sports athletes presented higher levels of general sports anxiety. The results of this research provided evidence that anxiety is appraised differently by athletes based on their gender and type of sport.

scholarly journals Mental health screening: severity and cut-off point sensitivity of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire in male and female elite athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Rice ◽  
Lisa Olive ◽  
Vincent Gouttebarge ◽  
Alexandra G Parker ◽  
Patrick Clifton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Psychological Strain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Injury Status

ObjectivesTo examine the sensitivity/specificity of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) in both male and female elite athletes, and also assess internal consistency and convergent/divergent validity, and determine discriminative validity relative to current injury status.MethodsData were provided by 1093 elite athletes (males n=1007; females n=84). Scale validity and reliability values were benchmarked against validated measures of general psychological distress and well-being. ROC curve analysis determined a range of optimal severity cut-points.ResultsBias-corrected area under curve (AUC) values supported three APSQ cut-points for moderate (AUC=0.901), high (AUC=0.944) and very high (AUC=0.951) categories. APSQ total score Cronbach coefficients exceeded those observed for the Kessler 10 (K-10). Gender ×injury status interactions were observed for the APSQ total score and K-10, whereby injured female athletes reported higher scores relative to males and non-injured female counterparts.ConclusionBy providing a range of cut-off scores identifying those scoring in the marginal and elevated ranges, the APSQ may better facilitate earlier identification for male and female elite athletes vulnerable to mental health symptoms and developing syndromes. Use of the APSQ may support sports medicine practitioners and allied health professionals to detect early mental ill health manifestations and facilitate timely management and ideally, remediation of symptoms.

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