scholarly journals Innovative processes in the production of inorganic bases and derived salts of current interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Alguacil ◽  
J. I. Robla
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Multiple Uses ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractAmmonia and sodium hydroxide are two important inorganic bases which served as the basis or precursors of other compounds with multiple uses. Some of their derived salts, i. e. ammonium nitrate, are of the paramount importance for daily life. Others salts, such as lithium carbonate, are gaining a primary role in the development of smart technologies, i. e. E-cars. This chapter described developments in the production of these useful compounds: ammonia, sodium and potassium hydroxides, related salts, i. e. ammonium nitrate, sodium and potassium carbonates, and finally, lithium carbonate.

Complications of Sodium Hydroxide Chemical Matrixectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seher Bostancı ◽  
Pelin Koçyiğit ◽  
Hilayda Karakök Güngör ◽  
Nehir Parlak
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Nail Dystrophy ◽  
Postoperative Drainage ◽  
Ingrown Toenails

Ingrown toenails are seen most commonly in young adults, and they can seriously affect daily life. Partial nail avulsion with chemical matrixectomy, generally by using either sodium hydroxide or phenol, is one of the most effective treatment methods. Known complications of phenol matrixectomy are unpredictable tissue damage, prolonged postoperative drainage, increased secondary infection rates, periostitis, and poor cosmetic results. To our knowledge, there have been no reports about the complications related to sodium hydroxide matrixectomy. Herein, we describe three patients who developed nail dystrophy, allodynia, and hyperalgesia after sodium hydroxide matrixectomy.

The Effect of Various Substances on the Modification of Spent Kieselguhr Used to Remove Lead from Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Rudenko ◽  
S.Yu. Beibulatov ◽  
G.S. Mukovnina ◽  
V.V. Bakharev
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The possibilities of using spent kieselguhr, modified with various substances as a sorbent for wastewater treatment from lead ions, were investigated. Modification of spent kieselguhr with solutions of sodium and potassium hydroxides, Trilon B, aluminum sulfate, oxalic, sulfuric, nitric and hydrochloric acids can increase its ability to remove lead during wastewater treatment. The greatest activity in the process of removing lead from wastewater was found in spent kieselguhr modified with sodium hydroxide, spent kieselguhr treated with Trilon B and ammonia is slightly less active.

Application of Electrochemical Membrane Processes to the Treatment of Aqueous Effluent Streams

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Voortman ◽  
A. E. Simpson ◽  
C. A. Kerr ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Pollution Research ◽  
Aqueous Effluents ◽  
Aqueous Effluent

Electrolysis cellss incorporating ion-exchange membranes are used in the chlor-alkali industry. Similar cells may also be used for selective concentration, purification or chemical conversion of aqueous effluents. The Pollution Research Group, University of Natal has applied electrochemical membrane processes to the recovery of sodium hydroxide from textile scour and bottle wash effluents, the removal and neutralisation of sulphuric acid from underground mine water and the removal of ammonium nitrate from effluents arising in a nitrogen chemicals manufacturing complex.

Studies of phase transformations in nitrates and nitrites I. Changes in ultra-violet absorption spectra on melting

1963 ◽  
Vol 276 (1367) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Isopropyl Nitrate ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Ultra-violet absorption spectra of ions in crystals are sensitive to their environment of neighbouring ions. This fact is utilized to study melting processes in nitrates and nitrites, with particular reference to changes in the average shell of nearest neighbours around any ion, on passing from crystal to melt. For the nitrates of sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, thallium and silver, for ammonium nitrate and for the nitrites of sodium and potassium this shell appears to contract on melting, which is attributed to the formation of association complexes in the melt. For the two crystal hydrates HNO 3 . H 2 O and HNO 3 . 3H 2 O, corresponding changes are observed, suggesting that the structure and absorption spectra correspond with the ions (OH 3 )+ and NO - 3 in the crystals, likewise giving rise to tighter association complexes on melting. Pure nitric acid on the other hand behaves in a manner more closely similar to isopropyl nitrate.

scholarly journals Handling Words Duplication and Memory Management for Digital Quran Based on Hexadecimal Representation and Sparse Matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Ashraf Al-Omoush ◽  
Norita Md Norwawi ◽  
Ahmad Akmalludin Mazlan
Keyword(s):  
Memory Management ◽  
Sparse Matrix ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Solution Quality ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ascii Code ◽  
Smart Technologies

Al-Quran is the holy book of the Muslims and the most important scripture containing knowledge on many domains. The recent advent of smart technologies like smart phones, digital devices and tablets has connected the daily life routines under a single touch adopted by many, these new tools with an exponential growth. This paper presented a Digital Quran Model (DQM) using hexadecimal representation using Unicode Hexadecimal and UTF-8 for character encoding, which is backward compatible with ASCII code. DQM target to handle all duplicated words or verses in Al-Quran using sparse matrix with double offset indexing to handle memory optimization. Three approaches were discussed: indexing and representation of the digital Quran to optimize storage, organize verses structure using sparse matrix to handle repetition with double offset indexing to efficiently use the space. The algorithms were implemented using Visual studio and Java server and the solution quality was measured by the size of a file before and after applying DQM model. For surah Al-Baqarah, the longest chapter in the Al-Quran, the reduction of the storage size was 25.00% whereas surah Al-Fatihah was 47.89%. The proposed DQM model is able to optimize the memory space and can be extended to other non-Roman characters used for information retrieval such as Hindi, Chinese and Japanese that are categorized in unicode standards.  

scholarly journals Sodium and potassium intake through juices and low alcohol beverages in Fiji

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Low Alcohol

Sixty four different fruit juices, juice concentrates, soft drinks and beers, available in Fiji supermarkets were analysed for Na+ and K+ contents with a view to assess their potential for nutritional supplementation or exposure risk in daily life. Drinks fall in five broad categories of (a) fruit based drinks, (b) flavoured artificial drinks, (c) carbonated fizzy drinks, (d) sports drinks and (e) low alcohol drinks. The Na+, K+ contents in 100 mL of the drinks were found to be in fruit based drinks (Na+ 2–34 mg, K+ 84–246 mg), flavoured artificial drinks (Na+ + 0–59 mg), carbonated fizzy drinks (Na+ + 0–4 mg), sport drinks (Na+ 30–81 mg, K+ 0–40 mg) and beers (Na+ 1–14 mg, K+ 23–61 mg). All fruit based drinks contained significantly higher amount of potassiumas well as lower Na+/K+ ratio. Although Na+ overload is less likely to arise, except through sports drinks, fruit based drinks and beers could offer appreciable advantage in K+ supplementation. A shift towards popularization of fruit based drinks through policy decisions and taxation might have beneficial effect in controlling the growing epidemic of hypertension and CHD/CVD events in the long run in the country.

scholarly journals Application of the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) Method in Determining Chemical Supplies in PT. Semen Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Strontium Nitrate ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
A Company ◽  
Development Prospects

The competition among products has become commonplace in the industrial world in Indonesia. PT. Semen Indonesia is a company with extraordinary development prospects. Quality control is needed in order to control the product so that when it arrives at the consumer the product is in its best condition, or when the product is still in process, production can be maximized. The method used in this research is Economic Order quantity (EOQ). Based on the resercah, the number of orders for each ingredient is for ammonium nitrate 1, barium chloride 1, ethanol 3, glycerol 1, hydrocloric acid 2, sodium hydroxide 3, strontium nitrate 2. Then, the ROP point or time to reorder each ingredient is for ammonium nitrate 2, barium chloride 4, ethanol 33, glycerol 16, hydrocloric acid 21, sodium hydroxide 4, strontium nitrate 13.Keywords: EOQ (Economic Order Quantity), Chemical Supplies, PT.Semen Indonesia

Effect of a single test dose of lithium carbonate on sodium and potassium excretion in man

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Shirley ◽  
D. R. J. Singer ◽  
G. A. Sagnella ◽  
M. G. Buckley ◽  
M. A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Lithium Clearance ◽  
Clearance Studies ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. The possible natriuretic and kaliuretic effects of a single dose of lithium, as used in lithium clearance studies, were investigated in 15 healthy subjects on fixed sodium (100 mmol/24 h) and potassium (70 mmol/24 h) intakes. Lithium carbonate (300 mg or 600 mg) or placebo tablets were administered, double-blind and in random order, midway through a 48 h urine collection (divided into six 8 h periods), at 23.00 hours. 2. During the three 24 h periods which preceded the administration of lithium or placebo (control days), rates of sodium and potassium excretion followed normal circadian patterns, but no differences in excretion rates between the 3 control days were observed. Placebo tablets did not affect excretion rates. 3. After the 300 mg dose of lithium carbonate, 24 h sodium excretion increased by approximately 17 mmol (P < 0.05); almost all of the natriuretic effect occurred during the first two 8 h periods. No effect on potassium excretion was observed. 4. After the 600 mg dose of lithium carbonate, 24 h sodium excretion increased by approximately 48 mmol (P < 0.001) and 24 h potassium excretion increased by approximately 19 mmol (P < 0.01). These effects were confined to the first two 8 h periods and thus occurred before and during the usual lithium clearance period. 5. Plasma renin activity, measured in 10 subjects, increased after the 600 mg dose of lithium carbonate (P < 0.005), but plasma concentrations of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide were not significantly affected. Neither the 300 mg dose of lithium carbonate nor the placebo tablets affected hormone levels. 6. It is recommended that the test dose of lithium carbonate for use in lithium clearance studies should not exceed 300 mg.

Psychological Factors

Asthma ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 379-394
Author(s):  
Fulvio Braido ◽  
Tatiana Slavyanskaya ◽  
Revaz Sepiashvili ◽  
Ilaria Baiardini ◽  
Giorgio Walter Canonica
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Control ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Adherence ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
The Impact

The patient plays a primary role in daily asthma management. The ideas that the patient has regarding asthma, the impact of the disease on daily life, the subjective interpretation of symptoms, and therapeutic adherence depend on psychological characteristics. Moreover, the disease itself may create psychological dysfunction. The aim of this review is to explore different patient-related factors that may influence the unsuccessful fulfillment of optimal levels of asthma control.

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