scholarly journals Current perspectives concerning the multimodal therapy in Glioblastoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Florina Grigore ◽  
Felix Mircea Brehar ◽  
Mircea Radu Gorgan
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Set Up

Abstract GBM (Glioblastoma) is the most common, malignant type of primary brain tumor. It has a dismal prognosis, with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. A better understanding of the tumor biology of GBM has been achieved in the past decade and set up new directions in the multimodal therapy by targeting the molecular paths involved in tumor initiation and progression. Invasion is a hallmark of GBM, and targeting the complex invasive mechanism of the tumor is mandatory in order to achieve a satisfactory result in GBM therapy. The goal of this review is to describe the tumor biology and key features of GBM and to provide an up-to-date overview of the current identified molecular alterations involved both in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

scholarly journals Postmenopausal women – comorbid patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Yurasova ◽  
Olga G. Sherbakova ◽  
Marina А. Shveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Clinical Cases

Relevance. As the prevention and treatment of diseases improves, the average life expectancy of the population increases. For many of our contemporaries, a third of their lives are postmenopausal. Menopause-related health problems are increasingly common and require the attention of healthcare professionals. Aim. To raise awareness of gynecologists, urologists and other specialists about the medico-social significance of the problems of women in the menopausal period based on the analysis of literature sources and analysis of clinical cases. Materials and methods. To write this review, a search was carried out for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 20 years. The review included articles from the peer-reviewed literature. An analysis of 2 clinical cases with comorbid pathology in menopausal patients is presented. Results. The review presents data on age-related physiological changes and quality of life in menopausal women. The analysis of 2 clinical cases of the appointment of menopausal hormone therapy in patients with comorbid diseases was carried out. Conclusions. The importance of awareness of outpatient doctors in the diagnosis and management tactics of patients with comorbid diseases in menopause is emphasized.

scholarly journals THE ANTHROPOCENE AND THE LONGEVITY REVOLUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S542-S542
Author(s):  
Moon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Longevity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
Global Population

Abstract The Anthropocene, a term popularized in 2010 by Nobel Prize-winning chemist Paul Crutzen, refers to the current epoch during which human beings have begun to have a significant impact on the earth, e.g., the environment and climate change. Global population has grown approximately seven-fold over the past 200 years, while average life expectancy at birth has dramatically increased due to improvements in nutrition, medicine, and technology. The human Longevity Revolution thus provides important evidence of the Anthropocene. Yet, in the face of the Anthropocene, contemporary lifestyles rooted in capitalism–continually seeking more and bigger–are not sustainable; changes are needed for humanity to “live long on the damaged planet.” This presentation will discuss the Longevity Revolution in the context of the theory and previous research on the Anthropocene, then suggest an agenda for future research related to the intersection between the Anthropocene and the Longevity Revolution.

scholarly journals Bridging the Gap between Science and Law: The Example of Tobacco Regulatory Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Annice E. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past

In the 20th century, public health was responsible for most of the 30-year increase in average life expectancy in the United States.1 Most of the significant advances in public health (e.g., vaccinations, water fluoridation) required the combined effort of scientists and attorneys. Scientists identified public health threats and the means of controlling them, but attorneys and policymakers helped convert those scientific discoveries into laws that could change the behavior of industries or individuals at a population level. In tobacco control, public health scientists made the groundbreaking discovery that smoking caused lung cancer, but attorneys and policymakers developed and implemented the policies and litigation strategies that helped reduce smoking rates by more than half over the past 50 years.

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment: Its Past, Present, and Future

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ga Hye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Transient Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Planning

As the baby boom generation nears retirement age and average life expectancy continues to rise, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is quickly becoming one of the most relevant disorders of our time. There has been an increasing focus on early detection of AD for its various advantages from advanced planning to possible preventive treatment. As such, the main objective of this paper is to explore the transient stage between normal aging and dementia (centered on AD)—how its conceptualization has evolved throughout the past, present, and future. At the core lies the term “mild cognitive impairment” (MCI) as the paper traces its history, current standing, and topics of debate in the field. Its future implications as framed under the impending DSM-5 are discussed.

Geroneuropsychology: The Neuropsychological Approach to the Study of Aging

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Feggy Ostrosky-Solis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care For The Elderly

The most compelling reason for studying the neuropsychology of aging is the fact that there are so many more people who are elderly. Worldwide average life expectancy has already increased more in the past 100 years than in the previous 2000 years, due mainly to public health advances which are consequently fueling a rapid population growth of the elderly. Gerontology (the study of aging) and Geriatrics (health care for the elderly) are expanding disciplines and will continue offering career and service opportunities to the increasing number people who are interested in answering the questions and addressing the problems of aging.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

Deglucohellebrin: A Potent Agent for Glioblastoma Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Evrysthenis Vartholomatos ◽  
George A. Alexiou ◽  
Georgios S. Markopoulos ◽  
Diamanto Lazari ◽  
Olga Tsiftsoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization ◽  
Induced Changes

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with a dismal prognosis. To date, several anticancer agents have been isolated from plants. Helleborus odorus subsp. Cyclophyllus is an endemic plant of the Balcan flora. Herewith, we investigated for the first time, the anti-glioma effect of deglucohellebrin (DGH) extracted from the roots of Helleborus. Methods: We investigated the effect of DGH in U251MG, T98G and U87G glioblastoma cell lines. We selected the T98G cells because of their inherent temozolomide resistance. Results: The IC50 value of reduced viability for DGH was 7x10-5M in U251MG cells, 5x10-5M for the T98G cells and 4x10-5M in U87G cells during 72h treatment. DGH induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, caspace-8 activation and significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization, suggesting the activation of the intrinsic, mitochondrial- dependent apoptotic pathway. DGH and temozolomide induced changes in CDs’ expression in U251MG and T98G cells. In zebrafish, DGH did not induce toxicity or behavioral alterations. Conclusion: The present study is the first to determine the anti-glioma activity of DGH. DGH may be a potent agent for glioblastoma treatment and further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Prospects of immune checkpoint blockade and vaccine-based immunotherapy for glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Tietze ◽  
Susanne Michen ◽  
Gabriele Schackert ◽  
Achim Temme
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Parenchyma ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor endowed with a dismal prognosis. Nowadays, immunotherapy in a particular immune checkpoint blockade and therapeutic vaccines are being extensively pursued. Yet, several characteristics of GBM may impact such immunotherapeutic approaches. This includes tumor heterogeneity, the relatively low mutational load of primary GBM, insufficient delivery of antibodies to tumor parenchyma and the unique immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM. Moreover, standard treatment of GBM, comprising temozolomide chemotherapy, radiotherapy and in most instances the application of glucocorticoids for management of brain edema, results in a further increased immunosuppression. This review will provide a brief introduction to the principles of vaccine-based immunotherapy and give an overview of the current clinical studies, which employed immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses-based vaccination, cell-based and peptide-based vaccines. Recent experiences as well as the latest developments are reviewed. Overcoming obstacles, which limit the induction and long-term immune response against GBM when using vaccination approaches, are necessary for the implementation of effective immunotherapy of GBM.

scholarly journals Molecular diagnostics helps to identify distinct subgroups of spinal astrocytomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Biczok ◽  
Felix L. Strübing ◽  
Julia M. Eder ◽  
Rupert Egensperger ◽  
Oliver Schnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Diffuse Astrocytoma ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
High Grade Astrocytoma ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Few Data

AbstractPrimary spinal cord astrocytomas are rare, hence few data exist about the prognostic significance of molecular markers. Here we analyze a panel of molecular alterations in association with the clinical course. Histology and genome sequencing was performed in 26 spinal astrocytomas operated upon between 2000 and 2020. Next-generation DNA/RNA sequencing (NGS) and methylome analysis were performed to determine molecular alterations. Histology and NGS allowed the distinction of 5 tumor subgroups: glioblastoma IDH wildtype (GBM); diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M mutated (DMG-H3); high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HAP); diffuse astrocytoma IDH mutated (DA), diffuse leptomeningeal glioneural tumors (DGLN) and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). Within all tumor entities GBM (median OS: 5.5 months), DMG-H3 (median OS: 13 months) and HAP (median OS: 8 months) showed a fatal prognosis. DMG-H3 tend to emerge in adolescence whereas GBM and HAP develop in the elderly. HAP are characterized by CDKN2A/B deletion and ATRX mutation. 50% of PA tumors carried a mutation in the PIK3CA gene which is seemingly associated with better outcome (median OS: PIK3CA mutated 107.5 vs 45.5 months in wildtype PA). This exploratory molecular profiling of spinal cord astrocytomas allows to identify distinct subgroups by combining molecular markers and histomorphology. DMG-H3 tend to develop in adolescence with a similar dismal prognosis like GBM and HAP in the elderly. We here describe spinal HAP with a distinct molecular profile for the first time.

scholarly journals Personal Carbon Trading—Lost in the Policy Primeval Soup?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4592
Author(s):  
Fabio Bothner
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Streams Approach ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Set Up

The number of emission trading and carbon taxation schemes implemented has grown rapidly over the past decade. Together, they cover approximately 16% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although more than two-thirds of global GHG emissions are related to household consumption, approaches that directly target households, such as personal carbon trading (PCT), do not play a role in the fight against climate change. This is especially puzzling as measures taken so far are not sufficient to reach the 2 °C target. One clue to solving this puzzle comes from political science in the form of the multiple streams approach, which defines criteria that a policy proposal must meet to become part of the political agenda. Based on these criteria, this article conducts a systematic review on PCT to clarify why PCT does not play a role in the reduction of GHG emissions. The results show that there are three main problems with the PCT proposal. First, scholars often criticize the set-up costs as well as the running costs of such a system. Second, there is no clear consensus within the research community on public acceptance of PCT. Third, it is still unclear whether politicians are receptive to PCT or not.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document