scholarly journals THE ANTHROPOCENE AND THE LONGEVITY REVOLUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S542-S542
Author(s):  
Moon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Longevity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
Global Population

Abstract The Anthropocene, a term popularized in 2010 by Nobel Prize-winning chemist Paul Crutzen, refers to the current epoch during which human beings have begun to have a significant impact on the earth, e.g., the environment and climate change. Global population has grown approximately seven-fold over the past 200 years, while average life expectancy at birth has dramatically increased due to improvements in nutrition, medicine, and technology. The human Longevity Revolution thus provides important evidence of the Anthropocene. Yet, in the face of the Anthropocene, contemporary lifestyles rooted in capitalism–continually seeking more and bigger–are not sustainable; changes are needed for humanity to “live long on the damaged planet.” This presentation will discuss the Longevity Revolution in the context of the theory and previous research on the Anthropocene, then suggest an agenda for future research related to the intersection between the Anthropocene and the Longevity Revolution.

scholarly journals Postmenopausal women – comorbid patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Yurasova ◽  
Olga G. Sherbakova ◽  
Marina А. Shveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Clinical Cases

Relevance. As the prevention and treatment of diseases improves, the average life expectancy of the population increases. For many of our contemporaries, a third of their lives are postmenopausal. Menopause-related health problems are increasingly common and require the attention of healthcare professionals. Aim. To raise awareness of gynecologists, urologists and other specialists about the medico-social significance of the problems of women in the menopausal period based on the analysis of literature sources and analysis of clinical cases. Materials and methods. To write this review, a search was carried out for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 20 years. The review included articles from the peer-reviewed literature. An analysis of 2 clinical cases with comorbid pathology in menopausal patients is presented. Results. The review presents data on age-related physiological changes and quality of life in menopausal women. The analysis of 2 clinical cases of the appointment of menopausal hormone therapy in patients with comorbid diseases was carried out. Conclusions. The importance of awareness of outpatient doctors in the diagnosis and management tactics of patients with comorbid diseases in menopause is emphasized.

scholarly journals Current perspectives concerning the multimodal therapy in Glioblastoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Florina Grigore ◽  
Felix Mircea Brehar ◽  
Mircea Radu Gorgan
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Set Up

Abstract GBM (Glioblastoma) is the most common, malignant type of primary brain tumor. It has a dismal prognosis, with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. A better understanding of the tumor biology of GBM has been achieved in the past decade and set up new directions in the multimodal therapy by targeting the molecular paths involved in tumor initiation and progression. Invasion is a hallmark of GBM, and targeting the complex invasive mechanism of the tumor is mandatory in order to achieve a satisfactory result in GBM therapy. The goal of this review is to describe the tumor biology and key features of GBM and to provide an up-to-date overview of the current identified molecular alterations involved both in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

Directions in the Field of Technology Innovation Management

2010 ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Robert S. Friedman ◽  
Desiree M. Roberts ◽  
Jonathan D. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Business And Management ◽  
Underlying Theme

Although the goal of this book is to provide foundational knowledge through indepth consideration of the seminal literature in the technology innovation management field, we now offer some thoughts on integrating the past, present, and future research directions in this field. The underlying theme that holds together the research considered in this book is the tension between the old (current routine) and the new (innovation). Mainstream business and management theory, like economic theory, focuses on the assumption of equilibrium. The study of technology innovation management at its core considers how to manage in the face of dynamics caused by the novelty and uncertainty associated with innovation. The nature of these dynamics can differ depending on a variety of factors. In some cases, the innovation causes smaller disruptions, due either to the magnitude or the nature of its effects. Such changes are often associated with terminology such as continuous, evolutionary, incremental, or sustaining. At other times, the disruptions are quite large, either due to a greater magnitude of change or a substantial difference in the change. These changes are often associated with terms such as discontinuous, disruptive, radical, or revolutionary. A major challenge to technology innovation management research is that the assumption of equilibrium is needed in many cases to allow for sufficient simplification of phenomena to produce generalizable theory and solutions that are tractable and close formed.

scholarly journals Untangling the Genetics of Human Longevity—A Challenging Quest

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dato ◽  
Soerensen ◽  
Rose
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy

Human average life expectancy in developed countries has increased dramatically in the last century, a phenomenon which is potentially accompanied by a significant rise in multi-morbidity and frailty among older individuals.[...]

scholarly journals The Effects of the Natural Components on the Ageing of the Italian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Sacco ◽  
Pietro Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Natural Components

The most remarkable demographic changes that have been happening in our society, and causing considerable social effects, are the significant decrease of fecundity and the increase of average life expectancy at birth. The combined effect of these factors causes the ageing of population, thus representing the theoretical basis of the phenomenon under study in this essay. We will analyse the evolution of fecundity in Italy and in Italian single regions , thus highlighting the change of its intensity over the years. Moreover, we will focus on the analysis of average life expectancy at birth by verifying both its time trend and how it changes because of the variations of mortality by age. Thanks to a suitable method, detailed data of ISTAT and EUROSTAT will be used to show the interesting findings of the fecundity geography and variations of mortality by age. Nowadays, compared to just over twenty years ago, we have been characterized a reversal of the fecundity geography. Furthermore, a new increase of life expectancy at birth a further increase has been achieved.

scholarly journals Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. e2019536118
Author(s):  
James W. Vaupel ◽  
Francisco Villavicencio ◽  
Marie-Pier Bergeron-Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Estimate Life Expectancy ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Length Of Life

This article reviews some key strands of demographic research on past trends in human longevity and explores possible future trends in life expectancy at birth. Demographic data on age-specific mortality are used to estimate life expectancy, and validated data on exceptional life spans are used to study the maximum length of life. In the countries doing best each year, life expectancy started to increase around 1840 at a pace of almost 2.5 y per decade. This trend has continued until the present. Contrary to classical evolutionary theories of senescence and contrary to the predictions of many experts, the frontier of survival is advancing to higher ages. Furthermore, individual life spans are becoming more equal, reducing inequalities, with octogenarians and nonagenarians accounting for most deaths in countries with the highest life expectancy. If the current pace of progress in life expectancy continues, most children born this millennium will celebrate their 100th birthday. Considerable uncertainty, however, clouds forecasts: Life expectancy and maximum life span might increase very little if at all, or longevity might rise much faster than in the past. Substantial progress has been made over the past three decades in deepening understanding of how long humans have lived and how long they might live. The social, economic, health, cultural, and political consequences of further increases in longevity are so significant that the development of more powerful methods of forecasting is a priority.

scholarly journals REDUCING HEALTH INEQUALITIES AS A COMPONENT OF THE HEALTH TRAINING PROGRAMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-942
Author(s):  
Tetiana S. Gruzieva ◽  
Nataliia V. Hrechyshkina ◽  
Mykhаilo D. Diachuk ◽  
Vasyl A. Dufynets
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Difference

The aim: identifying the characteristics and trends of inequalities in the health of the population to substantiate the educational content of the curriculum for the training of Master in Public Health. Materials and methods: Bibliographic, sociological, medical-statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. Ukraine’s healthcare institutions were the scientific base of the study. The data on the average life expectancy, morbidity, mortality, satisfaction of medical needs of different groups of the population for revealing the social gradient are analyzed. Documents on strategies to reduce health inequalities have been examined. Results: Health inequalities between WHO countries have been identified, including a difference in the average life expectancy at birth of 17.1 years in premature mortality due to differences in the levels of economic development of countries. The inequality in the prevalence of diseases and the difference in the satisfaction of specific medical needs among the first and tenth decile population of Ukraine were determined. The prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system in the population older than 60 years with low rates by 27.3% was higher than the figure among financially insured persons. The incidence of ocular pathology among adults with different income levels varied 1.8 times. The provisions of the WHO strategic documents on reducing health inequalities and its protection and on developing the public health system are analyzed. We justify the necessity of expanding the coverage of the problems of reducing disparities in health and health care in the course of training of the Master in Public Health. A modern curriculum “Social Medicine, Public Health” has been developed with the inclusion of inequalities in public health and appropriate educational and methodological support. Conclusion: The strategic goal of reducing inequalities in public health and its care requires integrating these issues into a modern master’s in public health program. The curriculum developed covers various aspects of health inequalities and health care, including the identification and assessment of disparities, the clarification of causes, the identification of counter-measures. Created educational and methodological support allows acquiring theoretical knowledge and practical skills that form the necessary competencies of professionals in the context of overcoming inequalities in health.

scholarly journals Bridging the Gap between Science and Law: The Example of Tobacco Regulatory Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Annice E. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past

In the 20th century, public health was responsible for most of the 30-year increase in average life expectancy in the United States.1 Most of the significant advances in public health (e.g., vaccinations, water fluoridation) required the combined effort of scientists and attorneys. Scientists identified public health threats and the means of controlling them, but attorneys and policymakers helped convert those scientific discoveries into laws that could change the behavior of industries or individuals at a population level. In tobacco control, public health scientists made the groundbreaking discovery that smoking caused lung cancer, but attorneys and policymakers developed and implemented the policies and litigation strategies that helped reduce smoking rates by more than half over the past 50 years.

scholarly journals Geriatric Assessment, Falls and Rehabilitation in Patients Starting or Established on Peritoneal Dialysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarbjit Vanita Jassal
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
Permanent Loss

Individuals aged over 70 years at the time of starting dialysis have a varied and often challenging existence on dialysis. Canadian data suggest those starting dialysis between the ages of 75 and 79 years will have an average life expectancy of 3.2 years, while based on US data, patients can expect an average life expectancy of 25 months. A substantial proportion of these patients will, however, experience transient or permanent loss of personal independence within the first few months to years on dialysis. Preliminary data from patients recently started on peritoneal dialysis (PD) suggest patients and families adapt, but that the adaptation often involves limiting activities and altering the social role the patient has within the family. As data emerge, it will be possible to hypothesize whether this adaptation is beneficial in the long term, or whether these adaptations are permissive, allowing the patient to play a sick role leading to an accelerated transition to frailty and possibly death. Future research will hopefully inform us whether the functional dependency can be identified early and whether it is preventable. In the interim, repair rather than prevention is possible through rehabilitation. We therefore advocate that programs providing PD care consider the integration of protocols whereby patients may undergo formal evaluation to identify those who would benefit from walking or personal care aids, rehabilitation interventions, and, when needed, personal support.

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