scholarly journals Aspects of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Education in Romania

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Iosif Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Abstract In any economy, entrepreneurs have a major role in ensuring economic, financial and social equilibrium and this effort must be accompanied by effective public policies. In this respect it is important to assess the entrepreneurs’ perception on the factors that support or impede their priorities and interests. These priorities refer to financing facilities, consistency of the legal system, society's perception of private initiative, bureaucracy, rigor, predictability and transparency of fiscal measures etc. The public authorities and entrepreneurs (by the own organization) must harmonize their interests. The difference is that the authorities are obliged by law to harmonize their interests and entrepreneurs are forced to do it, if not - they disappear. For example, the interest of entrepreneurs to pay smaller taxes is justified to some extent, but public authorities must ensure balance on the one hand, between those who pay and consumers of public financial resources on the other. Public authorities are not a given, they have the purpose to provide public services to ensure a balance between the needs of all parties in society: entrepreneurs, employees, socially assisted etc. In relation to entrepreneurs, they must follow the other parties (e.g. employees) to be less affected as the interests of entrepreneurs, if they conflict.

Scenarios as Tools of the Scientific Imagination: The Case of Climate Projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Michael Poznic ◽  
Rafaela Hillerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Imagination

Climatologists have recently introduced a distinction between projections as scenario-based model results on the one hand and predictions on the other hand. The interpretation and usage of both terms is, however, not univocal. It is stated that the ambiguities of the interpretations may cause problems in the communication of climate science within the scientific community and to the public realm. This paper suggests an account of scenarios as props in games of make-belive. With this account, we explain the difference between projections that should be make-believed and other model results that should be believed.

Taxation and the Public Services

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
The Public ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of taxation in the culture of contentment. In the age of contentment, macroeconomic policy has come to center not on tax policy but on monetary policy. Higher interest rates, it is hoped, will curb inflation without posing a threat to people of good fortune. Those with money to lend, the economically well-endowed rentier class, will thus be rewarded. The chapter first considers the role of monetary policy in the entirely plausible and powerfully adverse attitude toward taxation in the community of contentment before discussing the relationship between taxation and public services, and between taxation and public expenditures. It shows that public services and taxation have disparate effects on the Contented Electoral Majority on the one hand, and on the less affluent underclass on the other.

scholarly journals Good governance and transparency

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Laura Vilone ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The One

The notion of “good governance” implies the special place given to the State. Such a model is defined by the effectiveness of certain guarantees such as the independence of the judiciary, the correct and fair management of expenditure but also administrative transparency. Indeed, the latter depends on the sincerity of those involved in public action, on the one hand, and the constant dialogue between the public authorities and the public, on the other hand. The purpose of this intervention is to demonstrate that the realisation of the model of “good governance” is based, above all, on the existence of an administration that fully understands the requirements of administrative transparency. The two pillars of “good governance” would thus be the foundations of the principle of transparency: communication with citizens and their participation in the process of the decision-making process.

scholarly journals La mediación en sociedades interculturales. Referencia a la posible actuación del Defensor del Pueblo en procesos de mediación = Mediation in intercultural societies. Possible Ombudsman’s action in mediation processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
María Pérez-Ugena Coromina
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Formal Aspect ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Mediation Processes

Resumen: El objeto de este trabajo es una reflexión acerca de los conflictos que surgen en sociedades interculturales como consecuencia de marcos más plurales, acompañada de una propuesta de cauces de solución. Nos planteamos la conveniencia de utilizar mecanismos extrajudiciales de resolución de conflictos, en particular la mediación, como medio especialmente adecuado para este tipo de controversias. La integración en sociedades plurales exige un esfuerzo y toma de postura por el Estado. Los poderes públicos deben implicarse en lograr un mayor grado de convivencia democrática, incidiendo en el aspecto real y no formal de la libertad y la igualdad, de manera coherente con la concepción social del Estado. El Defensor del Pueblo es una figura idónea para poder actuar como mediador en conflictos propios de la interculturalidad. Su contacto con los problemas sociales, de una parte, y su posición neutral, basada en la auctoritas, de otra, le atribuyen unas características muy interesantes para que pueda ejercer esta función. Asumiría así el Estado este papel a través de la institución que resulta más cercana a la ciudadanía. Esto, a su vez, podría revertir en una mejora de la percepción social del Defensor del Pueblo.Palabras clave: Interculturalismo, mediación, Defensor del Pueblo.Abstract: The purpose of this work is a reflection on the conflicts that arise in intercultural societies as a consequence of more plural frameworks, accompanied by a proposal of channels of solution. We consider the convenience of using extrajudicial mechanisms for resolving conflicts, particularly mediation, as a particularly appropriate means for this type of dispute. The integration in plural societies requires an effort and takes position by the State. The public authorities must be involved in achieving a greater degree of democratic coexistence, focusing on the real and non-formal aspect of freedom and equality, in a manner consistent with the social conception of the State. The Ombudsman is an ideal figure to be able to act as mediator in conflicts of interculturality. His contact with social problems, on the one hand, and his neutral position, based on the auctoritas, on the other, attribute him some very interesting characteristics so that he can exercise this function. The State would assume this role through the institution that is closest to citizenship. This, in turn, could lead to an improvement in the social perception of the Ombudsman.Keywords: Interculturalism, mediation, Ombudsman. 

Sketch of the French Legislation Relative to the Insane

1882 ◽  
Vol 28 (123) ◽  
pp. 356-369
Author(s):  
Achille Foville
Keyword(s):  
Public Authority ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sound Mind ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required

The conditions established to regulate the admission of patients into lunatic asylums have given rise, in every country, to a great deal of discussion. On the one hand, many unacquainted with medicine are inclined to dread the abuse of the power to confine individuals not really insane under the pretext of insanity, and with more or less criminal intent; therefore these persons contend that admissions to asylums should be preceded by intricate formalities and repeated inquiries, with the interference of some public authority, such as a commission of either judicial or administrative officers. On the other hand, physicians advocate the necessity of prompt recourse to an asylum, not only for the patient's own benefit, but for his family's welfare; they demonstrate that a man labouring under acute insanity cannot be left to himself during the time required to set in motion the working of such complicated machinery as that proposed to be brought into action prior to his admission into a hospital; they further reject all interference of the public authorities to this end, as hurtful to private family feeling and the maintenance of professional secrecy, demanding, likewise, the greatest facilities for easy admission, guaranteed, nevertheless, by any number of subsequent examinations, or other means of inquiry into the case; and, finally, they hold that such supposed illegal confinements do not exist, since it has not been proved that any one really of sound mind has ever been shut up in any asylum, and that, therefore, the liberty of the subject is in no danger whatever. So in this respect we may rest confident, seeing that the past gives us full assurance for the future. Such is, upon the whole, the main point of dispute in every discussion on the subject, which happens to spring up again and again in different countries.

Is There Entrepreneurship Within the Public Sector?

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-118
Author(s):  
Raquel Pereira ◽  
Maria Clara Ribeiro ◽  
Orlando Manuel Martins Marques Lima Rua ◽  
Diana Martins
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The One

Because of its importance as a key factor to economic development, the study of entrepreneurship has been considerably developed in the past decades. Entrepreneurship is broadly diversified, which is associated with, for example, studies in the field of business, social, female, and young entrepreneurship. If, on the one hand, it is a fact that entrepreneurship and its study are mainly associated with the private initiative, there is, on the other hand, a question to be asked: Is there entrepreneurship in the public sector? Though still incipient, the study of entrepreneurship applied to the public sector and the acts of the public managers as entrepreneurs have revealed themselves to be themes with increasing interest. To contribute to a better conceptual understanding of this theme, namely its questions, ideas, and current debate, this work presents some theoretical reflexions and a relevant literature review on entrepreneurship in a public sector context.

State of Fashion: Searching for the New Luxury

APRIA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
José Teunissen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In the last few years, it has often been said that the current fashion system is outdated, still operating by a twentieth-century model that celebrates the individualism of the 'star designer'. In I- D, Sarah Mower recently stated that for the last twenty years, fashion has been at a cocktail party and has completely lost any connection with the public and daily life. On the one hand, designers and big brands experience the enormous pressure to produce new collections at an ever higher pace, leaving less room for reflection, contemplation, and innovation. On the other hand, there is the continuous race to produce at even lower costs and implement more rapid life cycles, resulting in disastrous consequences for society and the environment.

scholarly journals A Public Safety Compliance Model of Safety Behaviors in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110313
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Bsheish ◽  
Mu’taman Jarrar ◽  
Amanda Scarbrough
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Safety Compliance ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Compliance Model ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The One

The outbreak of COVID-19 has placed a heavy burden on society, threatening the future of the entire world as the pandemic has hit health systems and economic sectors hard. Where time moves fast, continuing curfews and lockdown is impossible. This paper assembles three main safety behaviors, social distancing, wearing a facemask, and hygiene in one model (PSC Triangle) to be practiced by the public. Integrating public safety compliance with these behaviors is the main recommendation to slow the spread of COVID-19. Although some concerns and challenges face these practices, the shifting of public behaviors to be more safety-centered is appropriate and available as an urgent desire exists to return to normal life on the one hand and the medical effort to find effective cure or vaccine that has not yet succeeded on the other hand. Recommendations to enhance public safety compliance are provided.

scholarly journals Heritage Artefacts in the COVID-19 Era: The Aura and Authenticity of 3D Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-539
Author(s):  
Thiago Minete Cardozo ◽  
Costas Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Engagement

Abstract Museums have been increasingly investing in their digital presence. This became more pressing during the COVID-19 pandemic since heritage institutions had, on the one hand, to temporarily close their doors to visitors while, on the other, find ways to communicate their collections to the public. Virtual tours, revamped websites, and 3D models of cultural artefacts were only a few of the means that museums devised to create alternative ways of digital engagement and counteract the physical and social distancing measures. Although 3D models and collections provide novel ways to interact, visualise, and comprehend the materiality and sensoriality of physical objects, their mediation in digital forms misses essential elements that contribute to (virtual) visitor/user experience. This article explores three-dimensional digitisations of museum artefacts, particularly problematising their aura and authenticity in comparison to their physical counterparts. Building on several studies that have problematised these two concepts, this article establishes an exploratory framework aimed at evaluating the experience of aura and authenticity in 3D digitisations. This exploration allowed us to conclude that even though some aspects of aura and authenticity are intrinsically related to the physicality and materiality of the original, 3D models can still manifest aura and authenticity, as long as a series of parameters, including multimodal contextualisation, interactivity, and affective experiences are facilitated.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max B. Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Natural Modes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Portal Of Entry ◽  
Human Autopsy Material

Under conditions closely simulating the natural modes of tuberculous infection in man normal guinea pigs have acquired tuberculosis by being exposed under two degrees of crowding to tuberculous cage mates in ordinary cages, where the food became soiled with excreta, bearing tubercle bacilli, and in special cages, with wire-mesh floors, where this source of infection was almost entirely eliminated. Guinea pigs were also exposed in the same room but not in the same cage with tuberculous animals. It was found that the relative tuberculous involvement of the mesenteric and tracheobronchial nodes showed a gradation of change from an almost completely alimentary infection to a completely respiratory infection. The disease involved the mesenteric nodes predominantly in the crowded ordinary cages, with much less or no affection of the tracheobronchial nodes. It was similarly, but less markedly, enteric in origin in the less crowded ordinary cages, the mesenteric nodes again being larger than the tracheobronchial nodes, but the difference in size was not so great. In the more crowded special cages the relative affection of these two groups of nodes alternated, so that in some the mesenteric, in some the tracheobronchial nodes were more extensively tuberculous. A disease characterized by less or no affection of the mesenteric nodes and by extensive lesions of the tracheobronchial nodes was seen in the less crowded special cages. Finally there was a massive tuberculosis of the tracheobronchial nodes with usually no affection of the mesenteric nodes in the frankly air-borne tuberculosis acquired by guinea pigs exposed in the same room but not to tuberculous cage mates. This gradation in the rô1e played by the enteric and respiratory routes of infection, as first the one and then the other becomes the more frequent channel of entrance for tuberculosis, would indicate that the penetration of tubercle bacilli by the one portal of entry inhibits the engrafting of tuberculosis in the tissues by way of the other portal of entry. It is apparent that in the special cages the opportunities for inhaling tubercle bacilli are at most equal to if not much less than in the ordinary cages; for in the latter dust from the bedding, laden with tubercle bacilli, is stirred up almost constantly by the animals, whereas in the special cages there is no bedding at all, and therefore, presumably, no more tubercle bacilli in the air than may occur in any part of the room. Nevertheless the route of infection was predominantly the respiratory tract in the special cages, especially in the less crowded, apparently because the enteric route had been largely eliminated. The greater predominance of the respiratory route amongst guinea pigs that acquired tuberculosis in the less crowded ordinary cages as compared to the lesser significance of this route in the more crowded ordinary cages would point in the same direction. These observations are in harmony with our knowledge that tuberculosis once implanted in an organism confers a certain degree of immunity to the disease. It is noteworthy that in a study of human autopsy material Opie (3) has found that when healed lesions are present in the mesentery focal tuberculosis in the lungs is seldom found, and that when first infection occurs by way of the lungs it tends to prevent the engrafting of the disease by way of the intestinal tract.

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