Comparative analysis of the physicochemical composition of pea cultivars

Peas are an inexpensive nutrient source. Basic information about variation in physicochemical composition is required to manage breeding programs and postharvest operations effectively. Different properties were measured in seeds from 16 promising pea genotypes to study variability between lines, degree of genetic parameters, and associations among different traits. Seed weight and diameter, pH, and titratable acidity showed the highest values for broad-sense heritability and the most negligible differences between the phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation, indicating that these traits’ variability was predominately due to genotypic differences. Genotypes had a wide-range profile that could be related to morphological and physiological properties. Yellow varieties showed superior values for weight and sizes (27.84 g; 0.57 cm) and small changes in diameter after hydration (48.35 %), while wrinkled varieties showed inferior moisture content (9.54 %), higher hydration capacity (1,314.66 g H2O/kg seeds), and protein content (28.88 %). Cuarentina and B315 were the more resistant and firmer materials; B315 also had the highest water hydration capacity, which would be appropriate for canning. Polyacrylamide gels demonstrated differences in protein composition; Gypsi contained more legumin (47.27 %) than the other genotypes, which is more beneficial nutritionally, and contained less convicilin (7.06 %), making it suitable for the food industry. Using accelerated aging, we studied color changes due to storage and established that the Viper line was highly tolerant to it. We could identify lines that may be exploited by industry or quality breeding programs.

Parameter genetik kultivar-kultivar jagung local pada cekaman salinitas sedang

Produktivitas jagung di Sulawesi Tengah masih relatif rendah dibanding produksi nasional sehingga perlu ditingkatkan melalui pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji parameter genetik tanaman jagung pada cekaman salinitas sedang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni sampai Agustus 2019, di Green House Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako, Palu. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas 6 perlakuan genotip dan diulang 3 kali serta 5 unit tanaman per perlakuan sehingga terdapat 90 unit percobaan. Parameter genetik yang di analisis adalah koefisiean keragaman genotipik, koefisien keragaman fenotipik, heritabilitas, kemajuan genetik, korelasi, dan analisis sidik lintas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehijauan daun, bobot tongkol berkelobot, berat tongkol tidak berkelobot, dan berat biji pertongkol memiliki koefisien keragaman genetik tinggi. Kehijauan daun, berat tongkol berkelobot, bobot tongkol tidak berkelobot, panjang tongkol tidak berkelobot, diamater tongkol, berat biji per tongkol dan bobot 100 biji memiliki nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik tinggi. Seleksi secara tidak langsung dapat dilakukan pada umur panen agar diperoleh hasil jagung lokal yang tinggi pada kondisi tercekam salinitas sedang. Karakter-karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menyeleksi tanaman jagung dengan cekaman salinitas sedang untuk program pemuliaan jagung.AbstractThe productivity of maize in Central Sulawesi is relatively low compared to national production and needs to be improved by plant breeding. The study aimed to examine the genetic parameters of the maize plant traits at moderate salinity stress. The research was conducted from June to August 2019, at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. The genetic parameters analyzed were genetic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, and path analysis. The experimental design used a completely randomized design consisting of six genotypic treatments and repeated three times. The results showed that the leaves greenness, the weight of the cob with and without husk, and weight of seeds per cob had a high genetic coefficient of variation. Leaf greenness, the weight of the ear with and without husk, ear length without husk, ear diameter, seed weight per ear and yield have a high value of heritability and genetic advance. Indirect selection can be applied through harvest time trait to obtain a high local maize yield in moderate salinity stress condition. These traits can be used as a reference in selecting maize plants with moderate salinity stress for maize breeding programs.

Evaluation of Wild Segments Related to Growth Period Traits Using a Modified Wild Soybean (Glycine Soja Sieb. Et Zucc.) Chromosome Segment Substitution Line Population

Soybean seeds contain high levels of oil and protein providing 69% and 57% of dietary protein and oil respectively. Although many quantitative trait loci for 100-seed weight (100SW), protein content (PRC) and oil content (OIC) have been reported, their genetic controls in soybeans remain unclear. The QTL–allele constitution of three traits in the Sichuan and Chongqing eco-regions population (SCLBP) was studied using a representative sample composed of 228 accessions tested under four environments and analyzed based on 135 SSR and 107081 valid SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism linkage) markers. The varied range of 100SW, PRC and OIC of SCLBP were 4.82-33.35, 36.47-49.75 and 14.68-21.77 among accessions, respectively. The heritability (h2) and genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) of three traits were high. As a result, 26, 33 and 31 QTLs were found by SSR to be associated with 100SW, PRC and OIC, respectively. The allele of Sat_260 for 100SW was detected in 4 environments. In addition, 28, 198 and 250 loci for 100SW, PRC and OIC were found by SNP using mixed linear model (MLM), respectively. Further SNP haplotype analysis showed that 13, 35 and 60 blocks for 100SW, RPC and OIC were found. The block of Gm11_9895764-9917646 for 100SW was simultaneously detected in four environments. Among these QTLs, 1, 5, and 7 for 100SW, PRC and OIC were found by two methods of SSR and SNP at the same time. A majority of these QTLs overlapped with the previously reported loci. However, 9, 11 and 9 loci for 100SW, PRC and OIC using SSR and 3, 5 and 8 for 100SW, PRC and OIC haven’t been reported using SNP in the study, respectively. Moreover, the genes of Glyma.11g130800, Glyma.13g217000 and Glyma.08g122600 were considered to be the most likely genes controlling 100SW, PRC and OIC, respectively. Our findings provide evidence for mixed major plus polygenes inheritance for three traits and an extended understanding of their genetic architecture for molecular dissection and breeding utilization in soybeans.

Genetic Variation for Striga hermonthica Resistance and Yield Among Sorghum Accessions in Nigeria

Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., commonly referred to as witch weed, is a major constraint to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) production in the Northern region of Nigeria because of high yield losses due to infestation. To identify parental lines useful in breeding for S. hermonthica resistant sorghum genotypes adapted to Nigeria, twenty-five sorghum accessions were evaluated in Nigeria across three test environments. Both phenotypic and genetic components influenced the variation observed in the sorghum accessions. The estimates for the genetic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance for the area under Striga number progress curve (ASUNPC), Striga emergence counts, yield and other agronomic traits, obtained in this study revealed that genetic gain for resistance to S. hermonthica could be realized through selection. Based on the performance of the 25 sorghum accessions SRN39, Danyana, Sepon82, and SAMSORG40 were the top four accessions found to be most resistant to S. hermonthica. Assessment of resistance was based on the low Striga emergence counts and the ASUNPC values. These accessions can be used as donor sources of S. hermonthica resistant genes for introgression into cultivars adapted to Nigeria, followed by recombination breeding for pyramiding the different resistance mechanisms.

Estimation of genetic parameters in some exotic genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rabi season

Fifty three genotypes collected from IRRI, Philipines and one variety from research station were grown in randomized block design with three replications under three environments during rabi (dry) season 2013-14. Significant mean squares for genotypes indicated the presence of variability for all the characters under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. Small differences between GCV and PCV were recorded for most of the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the characters viz., grains per panicle, straw yield per plant, grain yield per plant and 1000 grain weight indicate that most likely the heritability is due to additive gene effects and selection may be effective.

Parameter Genetik dan Deteksi Segregan Transgresif pada Populasi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Generasi F3

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p>Selection of transgressive segregants is considered as one effective way of obtaining peanut genotypes with high yield on early segregation. The objective of the study was to estimate genetic parameters and to identify transgressive segregants of peanut family in F3 generation. The experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor on August-Desember 2014. The genetic materials evaluated were 218 family F3 generation from 5 biparental population (Jerapah/GWS79A1, GWS79A1/Zebra, GWS79A1/Jerapah, Zebra/GWS79A1 and Zebra/GWS18) and 4 commercial varieties as checks (Gajah, Jerapah, Sima, and Zebra). The experiment was conducted in an augmented randomized complete block design with 4 replications for the checks. The results showed that quantitative characters had continuous distribution and they were controlled by many genes with additive, dominance, complementary epistasis, or additive epistasis gene action. Total number of pod and number of pod had high heritability and moderate genetic coefficient of variation. Selection with 10% intensity showed that 22 families had large total number of pods while six families had larger total number of pods than both parents. Family U2-39 estimated was identified as a putative transgressive segregant with high total number of pod and had smaller variance within family than Sima variety. <br /><br />Keywords: additive,gene action, heritability, GCV

Diameter growth and survival of local half-sib families of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Yundola, Bulgaria

The paper presents results of a study on a progeny test in Yundola established in 1966 and comprising 26 local plus trees of Scots Pine. Diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured in 1996 and 2012. There were substantial differences among the performance of half-sib families regarding the diameter growth. The best performing families 30 and 46 years after planting were the same, but there were statistically significant changes in the rank of the families as a whole. Mean survival rate was 91% at the age of 30 and 79% at the age of 46, which is relatively high. Individual heritability increased from 0.2 to 0.5-0.6 from the age 30 to 46 and additive genetic coefficient of variation was 5.2% at the age of 30 and 10.1% at the age of 46. Heritabilities and estimated response to selection were within the range of the results reported in other studies on Scots Pine. The main inferences of the study are that individual selection could be a promising tool for genetic improvement of Scots Pine in the region, and genetic parameters could change over time even after 30 years of age.

Heritability, Genetic Variability and Correlation Analysis of some Important Agronomic Traits in Rapeseed Advanced Lines

The efficiency of a breeding program depends mainly on the direction of the correlation between yield and its components and the relative importance of each component involved in contributing to seed yield.Twenty one rapeseed genotypes were evaluated based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant genotypes effects were exhibited for phenological traits, plant height, yield components except pod length and seed yield, indicating significant genetic differences among the genotypes. High broad sense heritability were determined for phenological traits, plant height and seed yield demonstrating selection gain for improving these traits will be high. Pods on main axis and pods per plant had high value of genetic coefficient of variation and also were significant correlated with seed yield. The results of factor analysis exhibited three factors including first yield components (plant height, pods on main axis and seed yield), second yield components (pods per plant, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight) and fixed capital factor (phenological traits). On the basis of cluster analysis, the genotypes were classified in three groups and the group with high seed yield had high mean values of plant height, days to maturity and pods per plant.

Phenology of Flowering and Pod Maturity on Some Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L)

Phenology of flowering is an important aspect in the growth cycle of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) because the performance of plant especially flowering is linked with anthesis time, time and duration of stigma receptivity, fruit formation, crossing, and seed development which determine the plant breeding programs . Research was conducted at the Kaliwining experimental station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI). The cocoa plant was originated from top grafting seedling with the age of eight years. Design of experiment was randomized complete block design consisted of eight clones as treatment with three replications. Each plot consisted of 20 sample flowers. The parameters observed were phenology of flowering and pod maturity. Phenology of flowering observed were age of flowering, number of opened flower buds, number of flower buds that dropped before being opened, number of flower buds that dropped after being opened, and number of opening flowers that developed into tiny fruits. Observation on pod and been quality was done on pod size, pod weight, pod length, pod girth, and bean number. The result of experiment showed that difference in phenologyof flowering and age of pod maturity existed within eight cocoa clones tested. KKM 22 showed the shortest flowering age and pod maturity, and lowest number of beans. The highest success of pollination was observed on Sca 6 and KW 617. ICCRI 03, Sulawesi 03, ICCRI 07, KKM 22 and KW 617 showed relative low success of pollination, that iswas between 10 to 17.6%. Age of flower opening did not significantly influence age of pod maturity, on the other hand it did not negatively influence percentage of flower opening and percentage of pollinated flowers. The characteristic of flowering age had high genetic coefficient of variation as well as high estimated value of heritability. Percentage number of flower buds that dropped before open showed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, however the estimated heritability was grouped in low category. The characteristic of pod maturity age, percentage of flower opening and bean number in each pod had low values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation,and low heritability.

Genetic variability in progenies of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden for resistance to Puccinia psidii

This study investigated the genetic variability in progenies of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden for resistance against rust (Puccinia psidii). Field experiments were installed in two regions with differentsoil-climatic conditions. Open-pollinated progenies were established in arandomized complete block design. Sixty and 48 progenies were evaluated underfield conditions at two sites, respectively, with six replications and eight trees per plot. In another experiment in a controlled environment, 53 progenies were evaluated in randomized blocks with six replications and nine plants perplot. The following traits were evaluated: plant height, severity of pestattack and the most susceptible stage to the leaf disease. The genetic variability for rust resistance in the E. dunnii population under studywas high, with a genetic coefficient of variation of 36.07%; 7% of thee valuated progenies were rust-resistant. It indicates a high potential for selection and breeding of the species.