scholarly journals The Relationship between Unilateral Dynamic Stability and Multidirectional Jump Performance in Team Sport Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-344
Author(s):  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Farzad Jalilvand ◽  
Corrin A. Jordan ◽  
Samuel J. Callaghan ◽  
Matthew D. Jeffriess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Lateral Jumps ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
One Way Anova

AbstractThis study investigated relationships between dynamic stability and multidirectional jumping. A modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), incorporating unilateral lower-body reaching in posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial directions, assessed dynamic stability. Unilateral vertical (VJ), standing broad (SBJ) and lateral jumps (LJ) assessed leg power. VJ power and relative SBJ and LJ distances were calculated. Thirty-two team sport athletes completed the mSEBT when each leg was used for stance, and left- and right-leg VJ, SBJ, and LJ. Correlations were drawn between data recorded from each leg when used for mSEBT stance and for each jump. Participants were dichotomized into better and lesser dynamic stability groups according to the sum of excursions for each leg. A one-way ANOVA determined mSEBT and jump differences (p< 0.05). The left-leg posteromedial and medial excursions correlated with VJ power; the medial excursion correlated with the LJ. The right-leg posteromedial excursion correlated with the SBJ; the anteromedial excursion correlated with the SBJ, and relative SBJ and LJ (r = 0.35-0.45). There were no differences in unilateral jumping between the better and lesser groups. Although there is some relationship with dynamic stability, this study further highlighted the complex interaction between the physical and technical characteristics of multidirectional jumping.

scholarly journals Certain Actions from the Functional Movement Screen Do Not Provide an Indication of Dynamic Stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Samuel J. Callaghan ◽  
Corrin A. Jordan ◽  
Tawni M. Luczo ◽  
Matthew D. Jeffriess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Straight Leg Raise

AbstractDynamic stability is an essential physical component for team sport athletes. Certain Functional Movement Screen (FMS) exercises (deep squat; left- and right-leg hurdle step; left- and right-leg in-line lunge [ILL]; left- and right-leg active straight-leg raise; and trunk stability push-up [TSPU]) have been suggested as providing an indication of dynamic stability. No research has investigated relationships between these screens and an established test of dynamic stability such as the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), which measures lower-limb reach distance in posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial directions, in team sport athletes. Forty-one male and female team sport athletes completed the screens and the mSEBT. Participants were split into high-, intermediate-, and low-performing groups according to the mean of the excursions when both the left and right legs were used for the mSEBT stance. Any between-group differences in the screens and mSEBT were determined via a one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc adjustment (p < 0.05). Data was pooled for a correlation analysis (p < 0.05). There were no between-group differences in any of the screens, and only two positive correlations between the screens and the mSEBT (TSPU and right stance leg posteromedial excursion, r = 0.37; left-leg ILL and left stance leg posteromedial excursion, r = 0.46). The mSEBT clearly indicated participants with different dynamic stability capabilities. In contrast to the mSEBT, the selected FMS exercises investigated in this study have a limited capacity to identify dynamic stability in team sport athletes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Change of Direction Speed Performance and Asymmetries between Team-Sport Athletes: Application of Change of Direction Deficit

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dos’Santos Christopher Thomas ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Paul A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Directional Dominance ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Approach Velocity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine differences in change of direction (COD) performance and asymmetries between team-sports while considering the effects of sex and sport; (2) to evaluate the relationship between linear speed, COD completion time, and COD deficit. A total of 115 (56 males, 59 females) athletes active in cricket, soccer, netball, and basketball performed the 505 for both left and right limbs and a 10-m sprint test. All team-sports displayed directional dominance (i.e., faster turning performance/shorter COD deficits towards a direction) (p ≤ 0.001, g = −0.62 to −0.96, −11.0% to −28.4%) with, male cricketers tending to demonstrate the greatest COD deficit asymmetries between directions compared to other team-sports (28.4 ± 26.5%, g = 0.19–0.85), while female netballers displayed the lowest asymmetries (11.0 ± 10.1%, g = 0.14–0.86). Differences in sprint and COD performance were observed between sexes and sports, with males demonstrating faster 10-m sprint times, and 505 times compared to females of the same sport. Male soccer and male cricketers displayed shorter COD deficits compared to females of the same sport; however, female court athletes demonstrated shorter COD deficits compared to male court athletes. Large significant associations (ρ = 0.631–0.643, p < 0.001) between 505 time and COD deficit were revealed, while trivial, non-significant associations (ρ ≤ −0.094, p ≥ 0.320) between COD deficit and 10-m sprint times were observed. In conclusion, male and female team-sport athletes display significant asymmetries and directional dominance during a high approach velocity 180° turning task. Coaches and practitioners are advised to apply the COD deficit for a more isolated measure of COD ability (i.e., not biased towards athletes with superior acceleration and linear speed) and perform COD speed assessments from both directions to establish directional dominance and create a COD symmetry profile.

Postnatal Development of a Left-Right Atrial Pressure Gradient

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Harreveld ◽  
F. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Equal Thickness

The mean left and right atrial pressures were measured in six groups of 10 kittens each. One group was examined between the 12th and 24th hour after birth, one group after 3 days, after 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months. The left and right atrial pressures were almost equal in the first group. With age an increasing left to right pressure gradient developed. In the oldest group the pressure in the left atrium was almost twice as great as in the right. Parallel with the pressure gradient a difference developed in the wall thicknesses of the left and right ventricles. At birth the ventricular walls were of about equal thickness; at age 2 months the left ventricle wall was more than twice as thick as the right. The relationship between ventricle wall thicknesses and atrial pressures is discussed.

scholarly journals An introductory analysis as to the influence of lower-body power on multidirectional speed in collegiate female rugby players

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Ashley J. Orjalo ◽  
Victoria L. Amran ◽  
Deshaun L. Davis ◽  
Fabrice G. Risso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Rugby Player ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Lower Body Power

AbstractThis study investigated relationships between lower-body power, measured by a vertical jump (VJ) and standing broad jump (SBJ), with multidirectional speed in collegiate female rugby players. The rugby player data was compared to that of general team sport athletes to ascertain whether there were characteristics specific to collegiate rugby players. Multi-directional speed was measured by a 20-meter (m) sprint (0-5, 0-10, 0-20 m intervals) and 505 change-of-direction speed test. Eight rugby players and eight team sport athletes completed all tests. Spearman’s correlations calculated relationships between the VJ and SBJ with the speed tests, and stepwise multiple regressions determined whether the jump tests predicted speed performance (p≤ 0.05). For the rugby players, the VJ correlated with the 0-20 m interval (r = −0.73). The SBJ correlated with the 0-5 and 0-10 m intervals, and the left-leg 505 (r = −0.71 to −0.88), and predicted 0-5 m and left-leg 505 time (r2= 0.50-0.58). For the team sport athletes, only the VJ correlated with left-leg 505 (r = −0.80), and predicted left- and right-leg 505 times (r2= 0.61-0.69). The results suggest that horizontal power measured by a SBJ has a greater contribution to multidirectional speed in collegiate female rugby players.

Hippocampal Subfield Volumes and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kasumi Yasuda ◽  
Shinichi Yamada ◽  
Shinya Uenishi ◽  
Natsuko Ikeda ◽  
Atsushi Tamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The hippocampus is relevant to cognitive function in schizophrenia (SCZ) and mood disorder patients. Although not anatomically uniform, it is clearly divided into subfields. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and cognitive function in patients with SCZ, bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study included 21 patients with SCZ, 22 with BP, and 21 with MDD and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the 4 groups and ascertained correlation between the cognitive composite score and hippocampal subfield volume in each group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The SCZ group had significantly lower cognitive composite score than the BP, MDD, and HC groups. In the SCZ group, the left and right hippocampus-amygdala transition area and right subiculum and right presubiculum volumes were significantly reduced compared to those in the HC group. The left presubiculum volumes in the SCZ group were significantly reduced compared to those in the MDD group. Subfield volumes did not significantly differ between the BP, MDD, and HC groups. Interestingly, in the SCZ group, volumes of the right CA1, right molecular layer of the hippocampus, and right granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were significantly correlated with the cognitive composite score. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with SCZ had poorer cognitive function, which is related to their hippocampal pathology, than those with mood disorders.

Concept and Verbal Ability as Related to the Cerebral Hemispheres

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Error Detector ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Functions

A new theory of human brain function is outlined in terms of the cooperative interaction of the cerebral hemispheres. The well-established verbal, symbolic functions of the left hemisphere and the wholistic, spatial functions of the right hemisphere are seen as separate and independent manifestations of the normally integrated verbal-analytic (or “error detector”) and conceptual (or “goal state”) functions of the left and right, respectively. The relationship between the hemispheres is described in terms of the “goal-directed” system of cybernetics and then compared with related ideas previously presented by Dimond, Penfield, and Piaget.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Relationship between Y-Balance Test and Stabilometric Parameters in Youth Footballers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Damian Sikora ◽  
Małgorzata Pałac ◽  
Andrzej Myśliwiec ◽  
Tomasz Wolny ◽  
Paweł Linek
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation between dynamic test results obtained on a stabilometric platform and the results achieved on the Y-balance test (Y-BT). Method. The study group consisted of 52 adolescent athletes, aged 14 to 17 years. Each participant was evaluated in the scope of their ability to maintain dynamic balance using the Y-BT as well as via dynamic tests on the ‘Alfa’ stabilometric platform. The following parameters were analysed: (a) from the Y-BT—relative reach of the right and left lower limbs in the anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions, as well as the side-to side difference in relative reach for each direction and (b) from the ‘Alfa’ platform—path length and time to reach the target using right and left lower limbs in the anterior and posterior directions. Results. A correlation between the results obtained on the stabilometric platform and the Y-BT was found only for the posteromedial direction. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the increased difference between the right and left lower limbs in the posteromedial test is related to an increase in time taken to reach the points located forward and to the left, and backwards and to the right, as well as an increase in the overall time required to complete the task on the stabilometric platform. Conclusions. The results from the Y-BT and stabilometric platform are weakly related in adolescents. These findings indicate that the Y-BT and stabilometric platform analyse different kinds of dynamic balance in adolescents. Thus, these tools should not be used interchangeably in clinical practice or scientific research.

The azygos veins of the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Watson ◽  
David A. Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The azygos venous system of one Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) has been described. Both left and right azygos trunks were present with segmental anastomoses between them. The right azygos trunk was the larger and opened into the anterior vena cava; the left azygos trunk terminated in the left costocervical vein. At each segmental level the azygos trunks communicated with collecting sinuses into which drained blood from intercostal spaces and the extradural intravertebral vein. These collecting sinuses were themselves connected to each other by longitudinal anastomoses. The relationship of this system to blood flow during diving is briefly discussed.

Sex of the Face in Western Art: Left and Right in Portraits

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlia W. Zaidel ◽  
Peter Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Western Art ◽  
Historical Pattern ◽  
The Face ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Side Bias

The relationship between observers' taste and the sitter's face orientation as function of sitter sex in painted portraits was investigated. The historical tendency in portraiture is that the sitter's left side of the face is more likely than the right to be turned towards the viewer and this side bias is stronger with women than with men. Correctly oriented and reversed museum portraits were viewed by subjects who gave ratings of “liking” the portrait as a whole (Experiment 1) and for “attractiveness” of the sitter (Experiment 2). Only portraits of women showed a left-right difference with right favored significantly over left, irrespective of orientation or type of rating. These findings go against the historical pattern of the sex-related bias in portraiture. They suggest that most women are painted in an orientation which is less favorable to them.

scholarly journals RISK OF SPORTS-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AMONG ELITE WOMEN BASKETBALL PLAYERS ACCORDING TO POSITION ON THE COURT AND SPORT RESULTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Saulė Salatkaitė ◽  
Toma Garbenytė Apolinskienė ◽  
Laimonas Šiupšinskas ◽  
Alma Kajėnienė ◽  
Rimtautas Gudas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
The Right

Background. Basketball is a popular sport around the world, the number of players is growing, the probability to experience trauma is increasing, too. Studies have shown that women sustain 60% more injuries than men do. Pre- season physical examination helps to establish sports specific changes in the body of the athlete and to determine risk factors for training, competition, which cause injury to the players. Research aim was to analyse risk of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries in elite women basketball players according to the position on the court. Methods. The study involved 100 players in Lithuanian women basketball league who completed the questionnaire about the level of physical fatigue, performed Lower Quarter Y Balance Test™ and Functional Movement Screen ™ tests during pre-season physical examination in 2014. Data were analysed and compared according to player’s position on the court (guards and forwards). Results. The level of physical fatigue during pre-season period was low in both groups. Dynamic stability of the right leg was better in guards (composite score – 105.2 to 101.8 in forwards) while dynamic stability of the left leg remained the same in both groups. Guards had higher total scores in Functional Movement Screen™ tests pointing to the better quality of basic functional movement patterns. Conclusions. The guard’s playing efficiency during the season was higher than that of forwards and it was associated with better dynamic stability and higher level of physical fatigue at pre-season. Indirect indicators of non-contact musculoskeletal sport injuries showed that guards should have lower risk of non-contact sport-related injuries in women basketball.

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