Hippocampal Subfield Volumes and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kasumi Yasuda ◽  
Shinichi Yamada ◽  
Shinya Uenishi ◽  
Natsuko Ikeda ◽  
Atsushi Tamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The hippocampus is relevant to cognitive function in schizophrenia (SCZ) and mood disorder patients. Although not anatomically uniform, it is clearly divided into subfields. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and cognitive function in patients with SCZ, bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study included 21 patients with SCZ, 22 with BP, and 21 with MDD and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the 4 groups and ascertained correlation between the cognitive composite score and hippocampal subfield volume in each group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The SCZ group had significantly lower cognitive composite score than the BP, MDD, and HC groups. In the SCZ group, the left and right hippocampus-amygdala transition area and right subiculum and right presubiculum volumes were significantly reduced compared to those in the HC group. The left presubiculum volumes in the SCZ group were significantly reduced compared to those in the MDD group. Subfield volumes did not significantly differ between the BP, MDD, and HC groups. Interestingly, in the SCZ group, volumes of the right CA1, right molecular layer of the hippocampus, and right granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were significantly correlated with the cognitive composite score. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with SCZ had poorer cognitive function, which is related to their hippocampal pathology, than those with mood disorders.

Postnatal Development of a Left-Right Atrial Pressure Gradient

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Harreveld ◽  
F. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Equal Thickness

The mean left and right atrial pressures were measured in six groups of 10 kittens each. One group was examined between the 12th and 24th hour after birth, one group after 3 days, after 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months. The left and right atrial pressures were almost equal in the first group. With age an increasing left to right pressure gradient developed. In the oldest group the pressure in the left atrium was almost twice as great as in the right. Parallel with the pressure gradient a difference developed in the wall thicknesses of the left and right ventricles. At birth the ventricular walls were of about equal thickness; at age 2 months the left ventricle wall was more than twice as thick as the right. The relationship between ventricle wall thicknesses and atrial pressures is discussed.

Dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex structural changes relative to suicidal ideation in patients with depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Shengnan Wei ◽  
Miao Chang ◽  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Yanqing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) is enormously important in suicide and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about the structural alterations in the brains of people with MDD and suicidal ideation. We examined the gray matter volume (GMV) of the PFC of individuals with MDD and suicidal ideation to determine if PFC volumetric differences contribute to suicidal ideation in patients with MDD. Thirty-five subjects with MDD and suicidal ideation, 38 subjects with MDD but without suicidal ideation, and 43 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects underwent T1-weighted imaging. A voxel-based morphometric analysis was conducted to compare the PFC GMVs of the three groups. Further GMV reductions in the left and right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and right ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) were detected in the MDD with suicidal ideation group compared with those in the HC group and the MDD without suicidal ideation group, whereas the MDD without suicidal ideation group only exhibited significant differences in the left DLPFC relative to the HC group. Our findings demonstrated that left DLPFC reductions were associated with MDD and suicidal ideation, and diminished GMV reductions in the right DLPFC and right VLPFC were only associated with suicidal ideation. These results help us better understand the neuropathological changes in MDD with suicidal ideation.

Concept and Verbal Ability as Related to the Cerebral Hemispheres

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Error Detector ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Functions

A new theory of human brain function is outlined in terms of the cooperative interaction of the cerebral hemispheres. The well-established verbal, symbolic functions of the left hemisphere and the wholistic, spatial functions of the right hemisphere are seen as separate and independent manifestations of the normally integrated verbal-analytic (or “error detector”) and conceptual (or “goal state”) functions of the left and right, respectively. The relationship between the hemispheres is described in terms of the “goal-directed” system of cybernetics and then compared with related ideas previously presented by Dimond, Penfield, and Piaget.

Anhedonia and cognitive function in adults with MDD: results from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. McIntyre ◽  
Hanna O. Woldeyohannes ◽  
Joanna K. Soczynska ◽  
Nadia A. Maruschak ◽  
Ida K. Wium-Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundCognitive dysfunction is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and a critical determinant of health outcome. Anhedonia is a criterion item toward the diagnosis of a major depressive episode (MDE) and a well-characterized domain in MDD. We sought to determine the extent to which variability in self-reported cognitive function correlates with anhedonia.MethodA post hoc analysis was conducted using data from (N=369) participants with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)-defined diagnosis of MDD who were enrolled in the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project (IMDCP) between January 2008 and July 2013. The IMDCP is a collaborative research platform at the Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, and the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Measures of cognitive function, anhedonia, and depression severity were analyzed using linear regression equations.ResultsA total of 369 adults with DSM-IV-TR–defined MDD were included in this analysis. Self-rated cognitive impairment [ie, as measured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)] was significantly correlated with a proxy measure of anhedonia (r=0.131, p=0.012). Moreover, total depression symptom severity, as measured by the total Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, was also significantly correlated with self-rated measures of cognitive dysfunction (r=0.147, p=0.005). The association between anhedonia and self-rated cognitive dysfunction remained significant after adjusting for illness severity (r=0.162, p=0.007).ConclusionsThese preliminary results provide empirical data for the testable hypothesis that anhedonia and self-reported cognitive function in MDD are correlated yet dissociable domains. The foregoing observation supports the hypothesis of overlapping yet discrete neurobiological substrates for these domains.

The azygos veins of the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Watson ◽  
David A. Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The azygos venous system of one Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) has been described. Both left and right azygos trunks were present with segmental anastomoses between them. The right azygos trunk was the larger and opened into the anterior vena cava; the left azygos trunk terminated in the left costocervical vein. At each segmental level the azygos trunks communicated with collecting sinuses into which drained blood from intercostal spaces and the extradural intravertebral vein. These collecting sinuses were themselves connected to each other by longitudinal anastomoses. The relationship of this system to blood flow during diving is briefly discussed.

Sex of the Face in Western Art: Left and Right in Portraits

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlia W. Zaidel ◽  
Peter Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Western Art ◽  
Historical Pattern ◽  
The Face ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Side Bias

The relationship between observers' taste and the sitter's face orientation as function of sitter sex in painted portraits was investigated. The historical tendency in portraiture is that the sitter's left side of the face is more likely than the right to be turned towards the viewer and this side bias is stronger with women than with men. Correctly oriented and reversed museum portraits were viewed by subjects who gave ratings of “liking” the portrait as a whole (Experiment 1) and for “attractiveness” of the sitter (Experiment 2). Only portraits of women showed a left-right difference with right favored significantly over left, irrespective of orientation or type of rating. These findings go against the historical pattern of the sex-related bias in portraiture. They suggest that most women are painted in an orientation which is less favorable to them.

scholarly journals Wearable Technology for High-Frequency Cognitive and Mood Assessment in Major Depressive Disorder: Longitudinal Observational Study

10.2196/12814 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e12814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cormack ◽  
Maggie McCue ◽  
Nick Taptiklis ◽  
Caroline Skirrow ◽  
Emilie Glazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Background Cognitive symptoms are common in major depressive disorder and may help to identify patients who need treatment or who are not experiencing adequate treatment response. Digital tools providing real-time data assessing cognitive function could help support patient treatment and remediation of cognitive and mood symptoms. Objective The aim of this study was to examine feasibility and validity of a wearable high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment app over 6 weeks, corresponding to when antidepressant pharmacotherapy begins to show efficacy. Methods A total of 30 patients (aged 19-63 years; 19 women) with mild-to-moderate depression participated in the study. The new Cognition Kit app was delivered via the Apple Watch, providing a high-resolution touch screen display for task presentation and logging responses. Cognition was assessed by the n-back task up to 3 times daily and depressed mood by 3 short questions once daily. Adherence was defined as participants completing at least 1 assessment daily. Selected tests sensitive to depression from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and validated questionnaires of depression symptom severity were administered on 3 occasions (weeks 1, 3, and 6). Exploratory analyses examined the relationship between mood and cognitive measures acquired in low- and high-frequency assessment. Results Adherence was excellent for mood and cognitive assessments (95% and 96%, respectively), did not deteriorate over time, and was not influenced by depression symptom severity or cognitive function at study onset. Analyses examining the relationship between high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment and validated measures showed good correspondence. Daily mood assessments correlated moderately with validated depression questionnaires (r=0.45-0.69 for total daily mood score), and daily cognitive assessments correlated moderately with validated cognitive tests sensitive to depression (r=0.37-0.50 for mean n-back). Conclusions This study supports the feasibility and validity of high-frequency assessment of cognition and mood using wearable devices over an extended period in patients with major depressive disorder.

P1477 Features of structural and functional parameters of the right and left heart and their relationship with the spirometry parameters in patients with CHF of ischemic genesis with COPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Evdokimov ◽  
A Evdokimova ◽  
E Yushchuk ◽  
S Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Sphericity Index ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Сomparative analysis of structural and functional parameters of the heart, the state of external respiration in patients with CHF II-III FC of ischemic genesis in the absence and in combination with moderate to severe COPD. Material and methods The study included patients aged 65.6 ± 3.9 years with LVEF ≤ 45% (according to Simpson). The first group consisted of 87 patients with CHF of ischemic genesis, and the second group - 385 patients with CHF of ischemic genesis and coexisted COPD. All patients were evaluated for clinical condition, TTE, the study of respiratory function with bronchodilation test. Results Patients of both groups were comparable by sex, age, FC CHF (NYHA). In patients with COPD, linear and volumetric LV parameters exceeded the normal values and were significantly higher than in CHF patients without COPD. LVIMM, LV sphericity index were significantly higher in the group of patients with COPD, which is associated with more pronounced remodeling of the left heart. Correlation analysis showed direct moderate and reliable relationships between the RVIDd (internal end-diastolic diameter) and MPAP (r = 0.68, p &lt; 0.01), RVIDd and LVSV (stroke volume) and FEV1 (r = 0.38, p &lt; 0.05), FEV1 and LVMMI (r = 0.33, p &lt; 0.05), FVC and LVMMI (r = 0.34, p &lt; 0.05), LVEF and FEV1 (r = 0.44, p &lt; 0.05) and VC (lung vital capacity) (r = 0.36, p &lt; 0.05). Negative correlations were found between low-level FEV1 and RVIDd (r=-0.29, p &lt; 0.05), FEV1 and SatO2 (r = 0.28, p &lt; 0.05), and a strong degree between MPAP and FEV1 (r=-0.55, p &lt; 0.05), moderate between MPAP and FEF75 (r=-0.57, p &lt; 0.05). In patients with COPD more pronounced significant increases in RVIDd, MPAP, RA dimension were noted. In patients of this group (n = 385), the IVRT and time of deceleration during the early diastolic filling (DTE) of RV increased more significantly. RV diastolic dysfunction in patients with CHF with COPD may be due to slower relaxation of the right ventricular hypertrophy and an increase in afterload (evidenced by the relationship between the velocity of early diastolic filling (E) of the RV and the thickness of the anterior wall of the RV; the velocity of late filling (A) of the RV and MPAP (r= 0.3, p &lt; 0.05)). Conclusion In patients with CHF of ischemic genesis with COPD, a more pronounced remodeling of the left and right parts of the heart was noted, reliable interrelationships of respiratory function indicators and structural and functional parameters of both the left and right ventricles of the heart were revealed.

scholarly journals Age of Onset of Mood Disorders and Complexity of Personality Traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ostacoli ◽  
M. Zuffranieri ◽  
M. Cavallo ◽  
A. Zennaro ◽  
I. Rainero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the link between the age of onset of mood disorders and the complexity of the personality traits. Methods. 209 patients with major depressive or manic/hypomanic episodes were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I diagnoses and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Results. 17.2% of the patients had no elevated MCMI-III scores, 45.9% had one peak, and 36.9% had a complex personality disorder with two or more elevated scores. Mood disorders onset of 29 years or less was the variable most related to the complexity of personality disorders as indicated from a recursive partitioning analysis. Conclusions. The relationship between mood disorders and personality traits differ in reference to age of onset of the mood disorder. In younger patients, maladaptive personality traits can evolve both in a mood disorder onset and in a complex personality disorder, while the later development of a severe mood disorder can increase the personality symptomatology. Our results suggest a threshold of mood disorder onset higher compared to previous studies. Maladaptive personality traits should be assessed not only during adolescence but also in young adults to identify and treat potential severe mood disorders.

scholarly journals Frontal sinus asymmetry: Is it an effect of cranial asymmetry? X-ray analysis of 469 normal adult human frontal sinus

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Kanat ◽  
Ugur Yazar ◽  
Bulent Ozdemir ◽  
Zerrin O. Coskun ◽  
Ozlem Erdivanli
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Background and Aims: There is no study in the literature that investigates an asymmetric morphological feature of the frontal sinus (FS). Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty-nine consecutive direct X-rays of FSs were analyzed for the asymmetry between the right and left sides. When an asymmetry in the height and contour of the FS existed, this difference was quantified. Results: Of the 469 patients, X-rays of 402 patients (85.7%), there was an asymmetry between right and left sides of the FS. Of these 235 (50.1%) were dominant on the left side, whereas 167 (35.6%) were dominant on the right, the sinuses of remaining 67 patients (14.3%) was symmetric. Statistical Analysis: The comparisons between parameters were performed using Wilkinson signed rank test. The relationship between handedness and sinus asymmetry was also examined by two proportions test. There is statistically significant difference between the dominance of left and right FS. Conclusions: Hemispheric dominance may have some effect (s) of on sinus asymmetry of the human cranium. Surgeons sometimes enter the cranium through the FS and knowledge of asymmetric FS is important to minimize surgical complications.

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