The vocabulary of care and healing in the Greek private letters of Byzantine Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-253
Author(s):  
Antonio Ricciardetto
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Sick Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Private Individual

Abstract Amid the corpus of Greek papyri discovered in the sands of Egypt, some fifty letters dated from the end of the 3rd century CE to the 7th century refer to a disease which afflicts an animal or a private individual – either the sender or the recipient of the letter, or to a third party. Seventeen of these also provide details on care and healing. How do these seventeen letters, which ostensibly do not derive from the medical world, describe the evolution of a disease, and especially its outcome when it is fortunate for the sick person? What are the healing strategies implemented by these individuals? These are the questions that I try to answer, while emphasising the contribution of these documents to the history of health and disease in Byzantine Egypt.

Chills and Fever: Health and Disease in the Early History of Alaska

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Peter D. Olch ◽  
Robert Fortuine
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease

To the history of the development of spirochetes. Leishmann (Centr. f. Bakter., Ref., Bd. 72, 1921)

1923 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
V. Aristovsky
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Sick Person ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of

On the basis of observations on patients with African relapsing typhus the author expresses the following view on the history of development of spir. Duttoni in the body of the tick and in the organism of a sick person: spirochaetes entering the tick body together with the blood of a sick person lose their mobility and turn into granules, which are small lumps surrounded by a homogeneous mass; at some time they can be found in eggs in the ovary and in young larvae (nymphs).

Caring for the Internet: Content Moderators and the Maintenance of Empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Lindsay Bartkowski
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Affective Labor ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Scholarly and journalistic investigations of content moderation have thoroughly documented its emotional impact on workers, but have yet to analyze moderation as care labor. Out of sight from U.S. and European consumers, content moderators are hired by third-party outsourcing firms primarily in the Philippines or India to remove offensive or violent content from internet platforms in order to preserve their profitability and users’ emotional well-being. Situating content moderation in the long history of domestic labor relations in the U.S., which were designed to support the expansion of imperial power, this essay proposes new ways of understanding the relationship between affective labor and the procedures of empire.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids in health and disease: pharmacological potential in metabolic syndrome and neuroinflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mastinu ◽  
Marika Premoli ◽  
Giulia Ferrari-Toninelli ◽  
Simone Tambaro ◽  
Giuseppina Maccarinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Abstract The use of different natural and/or synthetic preparations of Cannabis sativa is associated with therapeutic strategies for many diseases. Indeed, thanks to the widespread diffusion of the cannabinoidergic system in the brain and in the peripheral districts, its stimulation, or inhibition, regulates many pathophysiological phenomena. In particular, central activation of the cannabinoidergic system modulates the limbic and mesolimbic response which leads to food craving. Moreover, cannabinoid agonists are able to reduce inflammatory response. In this review a brief history of cannabinoids and the protagonists of the endocannabinoidergic system, i.e. synthesis and degradation enzymes and main receptors, will be described. Furthermore, the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids will be outlined. An overview of the involvement of the endocannabinoidergic system in neuroinflammatory and metabolic pathologies will be made. Finally, particular attention will also be given to the new pharmacological entities acting on the two main receptors, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), with particular focus on the neuroinflammatory and metabolic mechanisms involved.

Health and Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Roberts ◽  
Jelena Bekvalac ◽  
Rebecca C. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Health And Well Being

This chapter outlines the contributions bioarchaeology has made to understanding health and well-being in the late medieval period in Britain. Some of the history of the study of medieval bodies is followed by a commentary on the evidence base used to consider health and disease, integrated with contextual data, and the limitations of the data. This is followed by a focus on the largest excavated and well-studied cemetery site globally, to date (St Mary Spital, London). It also discusses the bioarchaeological field, including training and standards, advances in analytical techniques (biomolecular), the need for context in studies, and future developments.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chester Brown
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Homogeneous Body ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
International Courts ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Adjudication

This chapter gives a short introduction to the history of international dispute settlement by third-party adjudication. It notes that there is a gap in the existing literature, being an examination of procedure and remedies before different international courts, and an answer to the question of whether the same procedural rules obtain, and the same remedies are available, before different international judicial bodies. It presents the book's central thesis — that international courts often adopt common approaches to questions of procedure and remedies, which leads to increasing commonality in the case law of international courts. It then explains that the term ‘common law of international adjudication’ refers to the emergence of an increasingly homogeneous body of rules applied by international courts and tribunals relating to procedure and remedies. It then defines the terms ‘procedure’ and ‘remedies’. It also covers certain selected aspects of international adjudication, and reviews the jurisprudence of certain selected international courts and tribunals.

Contract

2019 ◽  
pp. 369-385
Author(s):  
John Baker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Privity Of Contract

This chapter explores some lines of development in contract law after 1600. First there were questions flowing from the decision in Slade’s Case – the pleading formulae known as the ‘common counts’ in indebitatus assumpsit were quickly settled and the perjury problems after the disuse of wager of law were dealt with in the Statute of Frauds 1677. Attempts to rationalize consideration in the eighteenth century were unsuccessful save that it became distinct from the requirement of an intention to be bound. The chapter traces the history of privity of contract and of the various attempts to give remedies to third-party beneficiaries. It then discusses the implication of terms into contracts, the difference between conditions and warranties, exclusion clauses, and the problems occasioned by standard-form contracts.

scholarly journals Bit by (Twitch) Bit: “Platform Capture” and the Evolution of Digital Platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512093398
Author(s):  
William Clyde Partin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This article considers the history of donation management tools on the livestreaming platform Twitch. In particular, it details the technical and economic contexts that led to the development of Twitch Bits, a first-party donation management service introduced in 2016. Two contributions to research on the platformization of cultural production are made. One, this article expands the empirical record regarding Twitch by chronicling the role of viewer donations in livestreaming since 2010, as well as the many tools that have facilitated this practice. It is argued that this history traces the complex and co-productive interactions between Twitch as a sociotechnical architecture and a political economy. Two, by considering how the first-party donation tool Twitch Bits has gradually challenged the dominance of the third-party tools that preceded it, this article theorizes the notion of platform capture, a critical rereading of platform envelopment, a popular concept in business studies. Ultimately, it is argued that platform capture demonstrates how platform owners leverage power asymmetries over dependents to aid in their platform’s technical evolution.

scholarly journals Proteases: History, discovery, and roles in health and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. 1643-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
American Society ◽  
Kinetics Of

The Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC) has been a major vehicle for disseminating and recording the discovery and characterization of proteolytic enzymes. The pace of discovery in the protease field accelerated during the 1971–2010 period that Dr. Herb Tabor served as the JBC's editor-in-chief. When he began his tenure, the fine structure and kinetics of only a few proteases were known; now thousands of proteases have been characterized, and over 600 genes for proteases have been identified in the human genome. In this review, besides reflecting on Dr. Tabor's invaluable contributions to the JBC and the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), I endeavor to provide an overview of the extensive history of protease research, highlighting a few discoveries and roles of proteases in vivo. In addition, metalloproteinases, particularly meprins of the astacin family, will be discussed with regard to structural characteristics, regulation, mechanisms of action, and roles in health and disease. Proteases and protein degradation play crucial roles in living systems, and I briefly address future directions in this highly diverse and thriving research area.

Challenges in the analysis of epigenetic biomarkers in clinical samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis García-Giménez ◽  
Salvador Mena-Mollá ◽  
Jesús Beltrán-García ◽  
Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractEpigenetic modifications represent an interesting landscape which can describe relevant features of human disease. Epigenetic biomarkers show several advantages as disease biomarkers because they provide information about gene function, specific endophenotypes and can even incorporate information from the environment and the natural history of disease. The improvement in genomic and epigenomic technologies has revolutionized the current comprehension of biological processes underlying health and disease. However, now is the time to adopt these new technologies to improve human health, thus converting this information into reliable biomarkers. This endeavor should be focused on improving methodologies to analyze gene methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. Ideally, epigenetic biomarkers should be robust, routine, accurate and inexpensive in order to provide better information for patient diagnosis, prognosis, stratification and treatment monitoring. Here we describe some challenges and provide strategies to improve the adoption of epigenetic biomarkers into clinical routine. Furthermore, we summarize the recommended properties for clinical epigenetic biomarkers.

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