Spectroscopic impedance measurement front-end for applications in industrial processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Flatscher ◽  
Markus Neumayer ◽  
Thomas Bretterklieber
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Front End ◽  
Industrial Environments

AbstractThe determination and differentiation of various materials is of great interest in numerous applications. For this purpose, spectroscopic impedance measurement systems are applied. The frequency dependent impedance analysis enables a detailed material investigation and an assessment of its composition e. g. the moisture content. By applying impedance measurement systems in industrial environments conditions as high temperatures, high pressures or vibrations have to be considered. In this paper we present a front-end topology intended to be used for frequency spectroscopic based measurement systems, deployed in industrial environments. The impedance measurement capability of the proposed system is investigated by means of a realized prototype. We present results obtained for measurement frequencies up to 50\hspace{0.1667em}\text{MHz} and address calibration strategies, which improve the robustness. The measurement electronics is also characterized over the environmental temperature range.

scholarly journals The impedance analysis of small intestine fusion by pulse source

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 808-818
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Kefu Liu ◽  
Xiaowei Xiang ◽  
Caihui Zhu ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Pulse Source ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Output Time

AbstractThe radiofrequency-induced intestine fusion has been widely studied as an alternative for traditional suture in surgery, but fusion quality cannot be evaluated directly. Impedance measurement can evaluate fusion quality, but the relation between impedance and the fusion quality needs optimization for best results. The present study reports the optimum resistance of small intestine fusion. As the feedback signal, resistance was considered the indicator of the fusion completion for the device design of intestine fusion and an in-depth study of microstructure change. A self-design pulse source was used for the small intestine fusion with adjustable voltage, duty ratio, frequency and output time. A frequency of 440 kHz was set, whereas voltage, output time and compression pressure (CP) of the small intestine were independent variables. Different conditions of voltage, CP and time were investigated for achieving the highest burst pressure (BP) measured with a pressure gauge and a peristaltic pump. Each parameter of the equivalent circuit model was calculated by an experimental waveform. Hematoxylin–eosin staining of fusion samples was used for assessing the quality of fusion. The real-time current was measured and recorded during the fusion for the calculation of capacitance and resistance. The highest BP of 38.9 mmHg was achieved with a CP of 900 kPa, a voltage of 50 V and a time of 5 s. Finally, an optimum extracellular resistance range of 61.0–86.2 Ω was found as the optimum resistance for the end of fusion, thus indicating automatic fusion with the best fusion quality.

scholarly journals An Impedance Study of the Membrane Polarisation Effect in Simulated Rock Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michael Charles Harold McKubre
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Impedance Spectra ◽  
Clay Rock ◽  
Polarisation Effect ◽  
Diffusional Limitation ◽  
Electrochemical Model

<p>Work is reported on the development of a high precision, low frequency impedance bridge, and the use of impedance measurement in characterising the induced polarisation effect of unmineralised material. Impedance spectra for a variety of laboratory model clay/rock/electrolyte systems are analysed in terms of an equivalent circuit. By measuring the dependence of the parameters of this circuit, on such variables as electrolyte type and concentration, temperature and pore geometry, an electrochemical model for membrane polarisation has been developed. Polarisation is considered to arise from diffusional limitation of cations at the membrane/electrolyte interface of clay aggregations in rock pores, and this is found to be amenable to a Warburg diffusional impedance analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Multifrequency Vector Measurement System for Reliable Vehicle Magnetic Profile Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Marszalek ◽  
Krzysztof Duda
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Front End ◽  
Vector Measurement ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Excitation Frequencies ◽  
Magnetic Profile ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
Parameters Measurement

This paper describes the design and the performance of simultaneous, multifrequency impedance measurement system for four inductive-loop (IL) sensors which have been developed for vehicle parameters measurement based on vehicle magnetic profile (VMP) analysis. Simultaneous impedance measurement on several excitation frequencies increases the VMP measurement reliability because typical electromagnetic interferences (EMI) are narrowband, and should not simultaneously affect, in the same way, all measurement bands that are spread in the frequency, i.e., it is expected that at least one measurement band is disturbance-free. The system consists of two standard and two slim IL sensors, specially designed and installed, the analogue front-end, and an industrial computer with digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital converters accessed via field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The impedance of the IL sensors is obtained by vector measurement of voltages from auto-balancing bridge (ABB) front-end. Complex voltages are demodulated from excitation frequencies with FIR filters designed with the flat-top windows. The system is capable of delivering VMPs in real-time mode, and also storing voltages for off-line postprocessing and analysis. Field distributions and sensitivities of slim and standard IL sensors are also discussed. Field test confirmed assumed increased reliability of VMP measurement for proposed simultaneous multifrequency operational mode.

Study and Design of an Ultrasonic Flow Tomographic Front-End Multi Level Measurement System

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goh Chiew Loon ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Suzanna Ridzuan Aw ◽  
Fazlul Rahman Mohd Yunus ◽  
Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Flow Visualisation ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Basic Operation ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Front End ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Primary Focus

With the rapid evolution of electro-acoustical technology, ultrasonic tomography has made considerable progress in industry. An ultrasonic tomography system provides non-invasive and non-intrusive flow visualisation that enhances the understanding of fluid flow processes. The function of ultrasonic tomography is to continuously monitor the dynamics of liquid flow without interrupting the flow. The ultrasonic tomography technique is fully supported by a front-end hardware system. The front end is defined as all the hardware circuitries, including the ultrasonic transducer up to the Analogue-to-Digital Convertors (ADCs), even though the primary focus is the analogue signal processing components. We present here the challenges and trade-offs in the implementation of a front-end system by first explaining the basic operation of such a system, and then indicating what particular performance parameters are needed to ensure optimal system operation. Based on the results from our research studies, we propose an improved front-end multi-level solution that is more accurate than previous solutions and provides real-time measurement capability.

scholarly journals Relationship between moisture content and electrical impedance of carrot slices during drying

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Kertész ◽  
Zuzana Hlaváčová ◽  
Eszter Vozáry ◽  
Lenka Staroňová
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Impedance Spectra ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Impedance Parameters ◽  
Precision Balance

Abstract Electrical properties of food materials can give information about the inner structure and physiological state of biological tissues. Generally, the process of drying of fruits and vegetables is followed by weight loss. The aim of this study was to measure the impedance spectra of carrot slices during drying and to correlate impedance parameters to moisture content in different drying periods. Cylindrical slices were cut out from the carrot root along the axis. The slices were dried in a Venticell 111 air oven at 50°C. The weight of the slices was measured with a Denver SI-603 electronic analytical and precision balance. The weighing of the samples was performed every 30 min at the beginning of drying and every 60 min after the process. The moisture content of the samples was calculated on wet basis. The magnitude and phase angle of electrical impedance of the slices were measured with HP 4284A and 4285A precision LCR meters in the frequency range from 30 Hz to 1 MHz and from 75 kHz to 30 MHz, respectively, at voltage 1 V. The impedance measurement was performed after weighting. The change in the magnitude of impedance during drying showed a good correlation with the change in the moisture content.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Idealized Moist Baroclinic Waves to Environmental Temperature and Moisture Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Kirshbaum ◽  
T. M. Merlis ◽  
J. R. Gyakum ◽  
R. McTaggart-Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Periodic Wave ◽  
Cloud Band

Idealized simulations are used to examine the sensitivity of moist baroclinic wave growth to environmental temperature and moisture content. With relative humidity held fixed, the surface temperature at 45°N, denoted T0, is varied from 275 to 290 K. As T0 increases, the atmospheric moisture content, moist instability, and moist available potential energy also increase. For the chosen initial configuration, moist waves develop larger eddy kinetic energy K e than corresponding dry waves, but enhanced diabatic heating at larger T0 does not further increase K e. This finding is linked to a warm-frontal cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) anomaly that strengthens and shifts downstream at larger T0 owing to increased diabatic heating along the frontal cloud band. This eastward shift feeds back negatively on the parent cyclone by increasing the downstream export of mechanical energy aloft and degrading the phasing between dry baroclinic vertical motion and buoyancy within the warm sector. The latter suppresses the conversion from eddy potential energy to K e [ C( P e, K e)], offsetting a direct enhancement of C( P e, K e) by diabatic heating. Compared to their dry counterparts, isolated moist waves (initiated by a single finite-amplitude PV anomaly) display a similar sensitivity to T0, while periodic wave trains (initiated by multiple such anomalies) exhibit a stronger negative relationship. The latter stems from anticyclonic diabatic PV anomalies aloft that originate along the warm front and recirculate through the system to interact with the upper-level trough. This interaction leads to a horizontal forward wave tilt that enhances the conversion of wave K e into zonal-mean kinetic energy.

scholarly journals Free Volumes Associated with Sintering in Gadolinium Doped Ceria Solid Solutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Kosaka ◽  
Kiminori Sato
Keyword(s):  
Positron Lifetime ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Complex Impedance Analysis ◽  
Ceria Solid Solutions ◽  
Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy ◽  
Gadolinium Doped Ceria

Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) solid solution prepared by the oxalate coprecipitation method is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), complex impedance analysis, and positron lifetime spectroscopy. XRD reveals an expansion of GDC lattice constant by doping gadolinium into a ceria host crystal, in agreement with an oxygen vacancy model. The ionic conductivity of GDC measured at 773 K in air is two orders of magnitude higher than that of undoped ceria. Positron lifetime spectroscopy reveals the presence of vacancy-sized free volumes and nanovoids in interfaces among crystallites. It is found that the vacancy-sized free volumes shrink with increasing sintering temperatures. In the present paper, recent advances in the studies of GDC by XRD, complex impedance measurement, and positron lifetime spectroscopy are reviewed to gain an insight into the sintering mechanism.

scholarly journals No differences in the body fat after violating core bioelectrical impedance measurement assumptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshdeep K. Randhawa ◽  
Veronica Jamnik ◽  
Michael D. T. Fung ◽  
Adam S. Fogel ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Preliminary Measurement

Abstract Objective It is unclear to what degree acutely violating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement assumptions will alter the predicted percent fat mass (%FM) and whether this differs by sex or body mass index (BMI). Methods %FM was assessed under control, dehydration, exercise, water, food intake and non-voided bladder conditions with three BIA devices (Tanita: BC-418, TBF-314, & Omron HBF-306CN) for men (n = 23, age: 24.0 ± 5.2 years old) and women (n = 17, age: 22.5 ± 3.4 years old) separately. Results For all BIA devices, there were no differences in the %FM values between the control and the other conditions in men or women (− 1.9 to 0.4%, p > 0.05). Across the three devices and five conditions, 97% of %FM tests returned values within 5% of control (2 tests), and 86% of tests were within 2% of control despite violating an assumption. The errors were greatest with dehydration and women were more likely to have a %FM difference greater than 2% than men with dehydration using the hand-to-foot device (Tanita TBF-314: 59% versus 9%). There were no differences in %FM between control and the conditions when examined by BMI (overweight/obesity: − 2.8 to 0.1% and normal weight: − 1.7 to 0.5%; BMI*trial, p = 0.99). Conclusion %FM estimates were similar despite acutely violating the preliminary measurement BIA assumptions across a range of different BMIs. The minor variations in %FM are smaller than what would be expected with day-to-day variability or weight loss intervention but may be larger in women than men.

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