scholarly journals Blood lead level in school going children of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailja Sharma ◽  
Prasenjit Mitra ◽  
Pankaj Bhardwaj ◽  
Praveen Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Lead exposure in children contributes to 600,000 new cases of intellectual disabilities every year with maximum occurrence in developing countries. Currently limited information is available on the blood lead level (BLL) in children of India. The aim was to estimate BLL in the school going children of local population of Jodhpur. Methods Four hundred twenty-six primary school children of government and private schools participated in this cross sectional study. Information regarding possible lead exposure was collected. BLL was estimated on Lead Care II analyser (Magellan Diagnostics, USA). Results The mean and median BLL were 4.25 ± 1.75 μg/dL (<3.3–22.6 μg/dL) and 3.5 μg/dL (Inter Quartile Range 0.9). BLL was higher in children of illiterate mothers, those residing near traffic dense areas, urban region and studying in government schools of urban region. Conclusions BLL in children residing in Jodhpur is much higher in comparison to western counterparts. Screening and awareness programs regarding potential sources of lead exposure can help in improving BLL.

scholarly journals Environmental Lead Exposure, Catalase Gene, and Markers of Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress Relation to Hypertension: An Analysis Based on the EGAT Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintana Sirivarasai ◽  
Sukhumpun Kaojarern ◽  
Suwannee Chanprasertyothin ◽  
Pachara Panpunuan ◽  
Krittaya Petchpoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cat Gene

Lead has been linked to the development of hypertension via oxidative stress. Catalase plays an important role in the disposal of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocyte and its activity was determined by CAT gene. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the association between blood levels of antioxidant markers such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, oxidative stress-marker (malondialdehyde), and blood lead level and (2) the influence of genetic polymorphism of CAT gene (rs769217) on change in blood pressure in general population of EGAT study project. This is a cross-sectional study of 332 normotensive, 432 prehypertensive, and 222 hypertensive male subjects. Hypertensive subjects had significantly higher blood lead level (5.28 μg/dL) compared to normotensive (4.41 μg/dL) and prehypertensive (4.55 μg/dL) subjects (P<0.05). These significant findings are also found in MDA levels. Moreover, individuals with TT genotype in hypertensive group had significantly higher blood lead and MDA levels (6.06 μg/dL and 9.67 μmol/L) than those with CC genotype (5.32 μg/dL and 8.31 μmol/L,P<0.05). Our findings suggested that decreased blood catalase activity in this polymorphism together with low level lead exposure induced lipid peroxidation may be responsible for hypertension.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between blood lead level and stunting, wasting and underweight- A cross-sectional study of children under 2 years-of-age in a Bangladeshi slum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0197856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jyoti Raihan ◽  
Emily Briskin ◽  
Mustafa Mahfuz ◽  
M. Munirul Islam ◽  
Dinesh Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Childhood Lead Exposure from Battery Recycling in Vietnam

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Daniell ◽  
Lo Van Tung ◽  
Ryan M. Wallace ◽  
Deborah J. Havens ◽  
Catherine J. Karr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Battery Recycling ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Lead Levels

Background. Battery recycling facilities in developing countries can cause community lead exposure.Objective. To evaluate child lead exposure in a Vietnam battery recycling craft village after efforts to shift home-based recycling outside the village.Methods. This cross-sectional study evaluated 109 children in Dong Mai village, using blood lead level (BLL) measurement, parent interview, and household observation. Blood samples were analyzed with a LeadCare II field instrument; highest BLLs (≥45 μg/dL) were retested by laboratory analysis. Surface and soil lead were measured at 11 households and a school with X-ray fluorescence analyzer.Results. All children had high BLLs; 28% had BLL ≥45 μg/dL. Younger age, family recycling, and outside brick surfaces were associated with higher BLL. Surface and soil lead levels were high at all tested homes, even with no recycling history. Laboratory BLLs were lower than LeadCare BLLs, in 24 retested children.Discussion. In spite of improvements, lead exposure was still substantial and probably associated with continued home-based recycling, legacy contamination, and workplace take-home exposure pathways. There is a need for effective strategies to manage lead exposure from battery recycling in craft villages. These reported BLL values should be interpreted cautiously, although the observed field-laboratory discordance may reflect bias in laboratory results.

scholarly journals Correlation of blood lead level and intelligence quotient in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Lilian Gunawan ◽  
Nurhayati Masloman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Background Lead poisoning is a source of health problems inhumans. A chronic complication oflead poisoning in children ispermanent intellectual impairment.Objective To assess for a correlation of blood lead levels andintelligence quotient (IQ) in children.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in children aged6 to 8 years in th e Talawaan (a rural area) and Wenang (an urbanarea) Distticts, North Sulawesi, from April to July 2012. Blood leadlevels were measured using the graphite furnace atomic absorptionspectrometry technique; and intelligence was meas ured with theWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Indonesian version.Results There were 50 subjects from the Talawaan District and 54subjects from the Wenang Disttict in this study. The mean bloodlead level in the Talawaan District subjects was significantly higherthan that of the Wenang Disttict subjects [25.8 (SD 16.98) μgidLvs 11.4 (SD 13.81) μgidL, respectively; (P<0.001)]. There was aweak negative correlation between blood lead level and IQ in theTalawaan Disttict children (P= 0.038; r= -0.3). As such, there wasa 0.05 IQ point decrement associated with each increase of 1 μ gidLin blood lead level in Talawaan District children. However, therewas no correlation between blood lead level and IQ in the WenangDisttict children (P=0.42; r =0.03).Conclusion There is a weak negative correlation between bloodlead level and IQ in children living in a rural area, howevei; thiscorrelation is not found in children living in an urban area.

scholarly journals Blood Lead Level among school children in an Industrial city of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1091-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gautam ◽  
S Pradhan ◽  
V Thuppil ◽  
D Pyakurel ◽  
A Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

Background: Widespread use of lead has caused extensive environmental contamination and health problems in many parts of the world. Children are particularly vulnerable and even relatively low levels of exposure can cause serious health conditions. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of blood lead level in children in industrial city of Nepal, Birgunj.Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was done on 50 school going student in Birgunj city, Nepal from November 2016 to January 2017. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Capillary blood was drawn and Blood Lead Level was measured immediately. SPSS ver. 22 was used to analyze the data.Results: The mean age of children in study was 12.5 ± 1.11 years.Among 50 children, 54% were male and 46% were female. The mean blood lead level was 20.33±9.36 μg/dl (male 21.08±8.87μg/dl, female 19.46±10.92 μg/dl). All the children in the study have elevated blood lead level and 84% of them have >10 μg/dl. About 26% of children have blood lead level between 15-20 μg/dl, 12% have level 20-25 μg/dl and 4% of them have more than 35 μg/dl.Conclusion: The prevalence of blood lead level in children from the industrial city of Nepal is alarmingly high. Children exposed with chipped paints have high level of blood lead level. However, further study in large population is required to address the current situation regarding the lead exposure to children.  

scholarly journals Association between blood lead level and risk of stroke in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e035725
Author(s):  
Minkyeong Kim ◽  
Sang-Moon Yun ◽  
Jihyun Jeong ◽  
Chulman Jo ◽  
Young Ho Koh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Group

ObjectivesAlthough lead is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, research on this association in the Korean population remains limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between lead level and stroke in Korean adults.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013, which enrolled a representative sample of the Korean population.ParticipantsWe excluded participants younger than 20 years, missing weight data, pregnant or lactating, and missing blood lead and stroke data. A total of 11 510 participants were included in this analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measurementThe participants were classified by blood lead concentration into the low-level (≤2.189 µg/dL, n=5756) and high-level (>2.189 µg/dL, n=5754) groups. The main outcome, stroke, was assessed by information from physician diagnosis, prevalence of stroke or treatment for stroke. The ORs and 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the association between blood lead level and stroke using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAlthough blood lead level was not significantly associated with stroke (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.66–2.58) in the multivariate-adjusted model, in individuals with hypertension, the high-level group was 2.36-fold higher odds of stroke (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.02–5.44) compared to that in the low-level group. No association was observed in individuals with normotension (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.13–1.38, p for interaction=0.007).ConclusionThe association between blood lead concentration and stroke may be influenced by hypertension status. Our findings suggest the need for closer attention to lead exposure in patients with hypertension.

Study of the impact of blood lead level on humoral immunity in humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M ohammad Ayatollahi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
System A ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to study the impact of blood lead level (BLL) on serum immunoglobulin levels (SIL; IgG, IgM, IgA) in people with high-risk professions. It has been characterized that BLL / 25 g/dL can cause dysfunctions in different organ systems of the body, such as the immune system. A cross-sectional study was carried out in relation to this, by using a pretested questionnaire to collect data on demographic factors and socioeconomic status, which was completed by subjects studied, such as car battery shop workers, car painters and welders of car radiators and exhausts, printing office workers (typesetters and nontypesetters) who were aged between 15 and 70 years. Venous blood was sampled to measure the BLL (by atomic absorption spectroscopy) and SIL (by SRID). The results, when analysed, suggested a reduction in SIL with emphasis on IgG in comparison with standard levels.

scholarly journals Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Fung Tsoi ◽  
Chris Wai Hang Lo ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Bernard Man Yung Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Levels

AbstractLead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.

scholarly journals Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Reilly ◽  
Susan Spalding ◽  
Brad Walsh ◽  
Jeanne Wainer ◽  
Sue Pickens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lead Smelter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: We examined the effects of lead on kidney function in occupationally and environmentally exposed adults from a Dallas lead smelter community that was the site of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund clean-up. All subjects were African Americans—a racial group that bears a disproportionate burden of kidney disease. Methods: A two-phase health screening was conducted. Phase II included a physical examination and laboratory tests. Study subjects were African Americans residents, aged ≥19 years to ≤89 years. Of 778 subjects, 726 were environmentally exposed and 52 were both occupationally and environmentally exposed. The effects of lead exposure on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were examined in three groups: male and female smelter-community residents, as well as males with both occupational and environmental exposure. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the dependence of eGFR on log (blood lead level), duration of residence in the community, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Results: There was a statistically significant negative effect on kidney function for all three groups. Comparison of female and male residents showed a slightly larger negative effect of blood lead level on eGFR in females versus males, with the largest effect seen in male smelter-working residents. For each unit increase (log10 10µg/dL = 1) in blood lead level, age-adjusted eGFR was reduced 21.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male residents, 25.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 in female residents and 59.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male smelter-working residents. Conclusions: Chronic lead exposure is associated with worsening kidney function in both African American male and female residents, as well as male workers in Dallas smelter communities. This effect is slightly, but not statistically significantly, worse in female residents than male residents, and significantly worse in males that both worked and resided in the smelter community.

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