A Centrifugal Compressor Performance Map Empirical Prediction Method for Automotive Turbochargers

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Fatsis ◽  
Nikolaos Vlachakis ◽  
George Leontis
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Impeller Speed ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
High Rotational Speed ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Performance Map ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Map

Abstract Centrifugal compressor performance map prediction is of primary importance for safe and effective operation of turbochargers. This article is a contribution on compressor map prediction using empirical relations based on automotive turbocharger manufacturers’ performance maps. The present method evaluates the minimum and the maximum air flow rates, as well as the maximum compressor pressure ratio by original empirical equations exploiting impeller geometrical data. Newly introduced equations based on the mass flows and the maximum pressure ratio acquired above provide the compressor characteristic lines. The method is validated by applying it to various commercial automotive turbochargers with known performance maps from their manufacturers. At intermediate values of impeller speed, where the turbocharger is expected to match the engine, the computed compressor map agrees to the manufacturer’s data, while, differences are observed at the maximum impeller speed line. From the cases examined, it can be stated that the present model can be applied to predict small diameter, high rotational speed compressor performance, particularly at the high efficiency region that the turbocharger is supposed to match the IC engine.

Experimental Investigation of the Diffuser Vane Clearance Effect in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage With Adjustable Diffuser Geometry—Part I: Compressor Performance Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ubben ◽  
Reinhard Niehuis
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
The Impact

Adjustable diffuser vanes offer an attractive design option for centrifugal compressors applied in industrial applications. However, the knowledge about the impact on compressor performance of a diffuser vane clearance between vane and diffuser wall is still not satisfying. This two-part paper summarizes results of experimental investigations performed with an industrial-like centrifugal compressor. Particular attention was directed toward the influence of the diffuser clearance on the operating behavior of the entire stage, the pressure recovery in the diffuser, and on the diffuser flow by a systematic variation of the parameters diffuser clearance height, diffuser vane angle, radial gap between impeller exit and diffuser inlet, and rotor speed. Compressor map measurements provide a summary of the operating behavior related to diffuser geometry and impeller speed, whereas detailed flow measurements with temperature and pressure probes allow a breakdown of the losses between impeller and diffuser and contribute to a better understanding of relevant flow phenomena. The results presented in Part I show that an one-sided diffuser clearance does not necessarily has a negative impact on the operation and loss behavior of the centrifugal compressor, but instead may contribute to an increased pressure ratio and improved efficiency as long as the diffuser passage is broad enough with respect to the clearance height. The flow phenomena responsible for this detected performance behavior are exposed in Part II, where the results of detailed measurements with pressure probes at diffuser exit and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements conducted inside the diffuser channel are discussed. The experimental results are published as an open computational fluid dynamics (CFD) testcase “Radiver 2.”

Experimental Investigation of the Diffuser Vane Clearance Effect in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage With Adjustable Diffuser Geometry: Part I — Compressor Performance Analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ubben ◽  
Reinhard Niehuis
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
The Impact

The combination of variable speed control and adjustable diffuser vanes offers an attractive design option for centrifugal compressors applied in industrial applications where a wide operating range at high efficiency level and a favorable surge line is required. However, the knowledge about the impact on compressor performance of a diffuser vane clearance between vane and diffuser wall which is mandatory since the diffuser geometry adjustment has to take place during operation, is still not satisfying. This two-part paper summarizes results of investigations performed at the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery at RWTH Aachen with an industrial-like centrifugal compressor, featuring a design pressure ratio of 4 and a design speed of 35200 rpm. Particular attention was directed to the influence of the diffuser clearance on the operating behavior of the entire stage, the pressure recovery in the diffuser and on the diffuser flow by a systematic variation of the parameters diffuser clearance height, diffuser vane angle, radial gap between impeller exit and diffuser inlet, and rotor speed. Compressor map measurements provide a summary of the operating behavior related to diffuser geometry and impeller speed, whereas detailed flow measurements with temperature and pressure probes allow a breakdown of the losses between impeller and diffuser and contribute to a better understanding of relevant flow phenomena. The results presented in Part I show that an one-sided diffuser clearance does not necessarily has a negative impact on the operation and loss behavior of the centrifugal compressor, but instead may contribute to an increased pressure ratio and improved efficiency. The flow phenomena responsible for this detected performance behavior are exposed in Part II [28], where the results of detailed measurements with pressure probes at diffuser exit and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements conducted inside the diffuser channel, revealing the complex and unsteady flow leaving the impeller and passing the diffuser channel, are discussed. The experimental results are published as an open CFD testcase “Radiver 2” [26], extending the experimental data base of the testcase “Radiver” published in 2003 by Ziegler [31].

Effect of Different Geometrical Inlet Pipes on a High Speed Centrifugal Compressor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Yang ◽  
Ben Zhao ◽  
C. C. Ma ◽  
Dazhong Lao ◽  
Mi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Inlet Pipe ◽  
Unsteady Pressure ◽  
Bent Pipe ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Spectral Frequency ◽  
The One

Two different inlet configurations, including a straight pipe and a bent pipe, were experimentally tested and numerically simulated using a high-speed, low-mass flow centrifugal compressor. The pressure ratios of the compressor with the two inlet configurations were tested and then compared to illustrate the effect of the bent inlet pipe on the compressor. Furthermore, different circumferential positions of the bent inlet pipe relative to the volute are discussed for two purposes. One purpose is to describe the changes in the compressor performance that result from altering the circumferential position of the bent inlet pipe relative to the volute. This change in performance may be the so-called clocking effect, and its mechanism is different from the one in multistage turbomachinery. The other purpose is to investigate the unsteady flow for different matching states of the bent inlet pipe and volute. Thus, the frequency spectrum of unsteady pressure fluctuation was applied to analyze the aerodynamic response. Compared with the straight inlet pipe, the experimental results show that the pressure ratio is modulated and that the choke point is shifted in the bent inlet pipe. Similarly, the pressure ratio can be influenced by altering the circumferential position of the bent inlet pipe relative to the volute, which may have an effect on the unsteady pressure in the rotor section. Therefore, the magnitude of interest spectral frequency is significantly changed by clocking the bent inlet pipe.

Numerical Analysis of Deposits and Corrosion Influence on a Centrifugal Compressor Performance

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Aligoodarz ◽  
Mohammad Reza Soleimani Tehrani ◽  
Hadi Karrabi ◽  
Mohammad R. Roshani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
3D Numerical Modeling ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Sst Turbulence Model ◽  
Compressor Performance

Turbo machineries including compressors performance degrades over the period of operation and deviates from design levels due to causes including dust entrance into the compressor, blades mechanical damage, erosion and corrosion. These lead to reduction in compressor performance, efficiency and pressure ratio. Subsequently gas turbine performance is affected since their operation sate is correlated. In this study the numerical investigation of common causes that determine geometric characteristics of a 2-stage centrifugal compressor running in a gas station, including blades fouling and corrosion is performed. 3D Numerical modeling is implemented along with utilization of Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model and independency from the grids is verified.

Centrifugal Compressor Performance Prediction Using Gaussian Process Regression and Artificial Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Cutrina Vilalta ◽  
Hui Wan ◽  
Soumya S. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract In this paper, we use various regression models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the centrifugal compressor performance map. Particularly, we study the accuracy and efficiency of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Artificial Neural Networks in modelling the pressure ratio, given the mass flow rate and rotational speed of a centrifugal compressor. Preliminary results show that both GPR and ANN can predict the compressor performance map well, for both interpolation and extrapolation. We also study the data augmentation and data minimzation effects using the GPR. Due to the inherent pressure ratio data distribution in mass-flow-rate and rotational-speed space, data augmentation in the rotational speed is more effective to improve the ANN performance than the mass flow rate data augmentation.

The performance of a centrifugal compressor with a tandem impeller in off-design conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziliang Li ◽  
Xingen Lu ◽  
Ge Han ◽  
Yanfeng Zhang ◽  
Shengfeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Low Efficiency

Centrifugal compressors often suffer relatively low efficiency and a terrible operating range particularly due to the complex flow structure and intense impeller/diffuser interaction. Numerous studies have focused on improving the centrifugal compressor performance using many innovative ideas, such as the tandem impeller, which has become increasingly attractive due to its ability to achieve the flow control with no additional air supply configurations and control costs in compressor. However, few studies that attempted to the investigation of tandem impeller have been published until now and the results are always contradictory. To explore the potential of the tandem impeller to enhance the compressor performance and the underlying mechanism of the flow phenomena in the tandem impellers, this paper numerically investigated a high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor with several tandem impellers at off-design operating speeds. The results encouragingly demonstrate that the tandem impeller can achieve a performance enhancement over a wide range of operating conditions. Approximately 1.8% maximum enhancement in isentropic efficiency and 5.0% maximum enhancement in operating range are achieved with the inducer/exducer circumferential displacement of [Formula: see text] = 25% and 50%, respectively. The observed stage performance gain of the tandem impellers decreases when the operating speed increases due to the increased inducer shock, increased wake losses, and deteriorated tandem impeller discharge flow uniformity. In addition, the tandem impeller can extend the impeller operating range particularly at low rotation speeds, which is found to be a result from the suppression of the low-momentum fluid radial movement. The results also indicate that the maximum flux capacity of the tandem impeller decreases due to the restriction of the inducer airfoil Kutta–Joukowsky condition.

Enhancing the Centrifugal Compressor Performance Map Measurements Through a Developed One–Dimensional Calculation Tool to Analyse Local Flow Phenomena

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hamann ◽  
Elias Chebli ◽  
Markus Müller ◽  
Alexander Krampitz
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Casing Treatment ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Performance Map ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Compressor Performance

Centrifugal compressors for automotive turbochargers have large influence on the operation characteristic of combustion engines. Especially the improvement of the surge margin is one of the most important development targets. Thereby, a reliable detection of local flow phenomena within the compressor stage is necessary and a procedure to gain this information from standard measurement data is discussed in this paper. A one–dimensional calculation methodology for a single-stage centrifugal compressor with a vaneless diffuser and casing treatment is presented. The tool calculates the flow properties at the impeller inlet and exit as well as at diffuser exit, based on the measured inlet and outlet data and the geometry information of the compressor. The calculated flow characteristics are plotted within the measured compressor performance map to show local flow parameters. The unsteady recirculation flow within the casing treatment, the inflow angle and the total pressure losses are considered. The tool is validated on different compressor sizes. Thereby the compressor is equipped with static pressure measuring points at the impeller inlet and exit as well as at the diffuser exit. The calculated static pressure correlated well with the measured data with an accuracy of 2 % to 5 % on 95 % of the operating range. In this paper an experimental parameter study is executed in order to improve the surge margin. Thereby the geometry of the diffuser and the casing treatment is varied and the compressor performance is measured on a turbocharger test rig. The calculation of the flow angles and other flow characteristics within the diffuser enables one to find out whether surge is triggered through the diffuser or the impeller.

scholarly journals Meridional Considerations of the Centrifugal Compressor Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xu ◽  
R. S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
High Pressure Ratio ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Meridional Profile ◽  
Compressor Efficiency ◽  
Wide Operating

Centrifugal compressor developments are interested in using optimization procedures that enable compressor high efficiency and wide operating ranges. Recently, high pressure ratio and efficiency of the centrifugal compressors require impeller design to pay attention to both the blade angle distribution and the meridional profile. The geometry of the blades and the meridional profile are very important contributions of compressor performance and structure reliability. This paper presents some recent studies of meridional impacts of the compressor. Studies indicated that the meridional profiles of the impeller impact the overall compressor efficiency and pressure ratio at the same rotational speed. Proper meridional profiles can improve the compressor efficiency and increase the overall pressure ratio at the same blade back curvature.

Variable Inlet Guide Vane Effect on Centrifugal Compressor Performance in Wet Gas Flow

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi André B. Vigdal ◽  
Lars E. Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Guide Vane ◽  
Compressor Stage ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Compressor Performance

The introduction of variable inlet guide vanes (VIGVs) upfront of a compressor stage affects performance and permits tuning for off-design conditions. This is of great interest for emerging technology related to subsea compression. Unprocessed gas from the wellhead will contain liquid condensate, which affects the operational condition of the compressor. To investigate the effect of guide vanes on volume flow and pressure ratio in a wet gas compressor, VIGVs are implemented upfront of a centrifugal compressor stage to control the inlet flow direction. The guide vane geometry and test rig setup have previous been presented. This paper documents how changing the VIGV setting affects compressor performance under dry and wet operating conditions. The reduced performance effect and operating range at increased liquid content are of specific interest. Also documented is the change in the VIGV effect relative to the setting angle.

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