scholarly journals Topic chains and the interpretation of null subjects. The acquisition of discourse-related strategies in Italian children

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Frascarelli ◽  
Giorgio Carella
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Null Subjects ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractBased on the theory proposed in Frascarelli (2007), according to which the interpretation of null subjects depends on an Agree relation betweenproand a specific type of Topic (i.e. the A-Topic, cf. Frascarelli & Hinterhölzl 2007), the first objective of this paper is to evaluate this theory from an acquisitional perspective on children from 3 to 9 years old. Furthermore, since the A-Topic is argued to be systematically associated to specific discourse, prosodic and syntactic properties, a second objective of this paper is to check whether the relevant acquisition correlates with information-structural and interface-related competences. Based on an original experiment designed to examine Topic chains in children’s narrative, evidence is provided that this productive ability is not fully acquired at the age of 9 and that its progress proceeds in three steps, involving different levels of grammar. Specifically, in a first phase children tend to assume their personal experience and discourse intentions as familiar to their interlocutors. Hence, they start their narration linking null subjects to silent A-Topics, without overt links for their interpretation (‘Emperor Strategy’). Then, at the age of 6 the creation of Topic chains seems to be part of children’s competence at a discourse-syntactic level and overt copies are progressively produced in the chains. Nevertheless, since children still assume their ‘hero’ to be a familiar entity, G[iven]-Topics are frequently realised as first link for null subjects. Finally, at around 7–7.11 the adult-like association between discourse-syntactic and prosodic properties is attested.

Native Americans and the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
LaNada War Jack
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Third World ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The University

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.

“Don’t praise the day before the sunset”: Paremiology in the study of depressiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110257
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wołońciej ◽  
Michał Wilczewski ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

Psychology and psychiatry are in a constant search for an adequate model of affective disorders. Psychology has classified depression as a mood disorder, but a growing literature links mental disorders with socioculturally relevant ways in which people experience and express distress. With this study, we link depression with proverbs as omnipresent narrative structures and mini-theories that help people interpret reality and categorize personal experience. Proverbs are omnipresent narrative structures that describe, explain, and prescribe human behavior. Hence, we offer a paremiological approach to better understand the minds of the depressed. Our tenet is that proverbs may also reflect people’s mental states and attitudes by conveying different levels of optimism versus pessimism. We evidence empirically that proverbs convey optimistic and pessimistic attitudes and, thus, have the capacity to capture peoples’ mental states. Moreover, we show that this capacity is limited for people with high depressiveness. Finally, we discuss how proverbial thinking links collective experience and wisdom imprinted in proverbs with an individual’s mental states, which has important research and practical implications.

The Tense, Mood, and Aspect System of Haitian Creole and the Problem of Transmission of Grammar in Creole Genesis

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Haitian Creole ◽  
Phonological Form ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Semantic Properties

It is often assumed that creolization involves a break in the transmission of grammar. On the basis of data drawn from the TMA system of Haitian creole, as compared with those of its source languages — French, the superstratum language, and Fongbe, one of the substratum languages — this paper argues that creolization does not involve a break in transmission of grammar. The properties of the Haitian creole TMA system are shown to reflect in a systematic way those of its contributing languages. While the syntactic and the semantic properties of the TMA markers of the creole parallel those of Fongbe, the markers' phonological form appears to be derived from phonetic strings found in the superstratum language. This systematic division of properties is predicted by the hypothesis that relexification has played a major role in the formation of the creole. The fact that the lexical entries of the creole have phonological representations which are derived from phonetic strings found in the superstratum language is the visible signal that creolization involves the creation of a new language. The fact that the lexical entries of the creole show semantic and syntactic properties that parallel those of the languages of the substratum argues that there has been no break in the transmission of grammar in the formation of the creole.

Pronominal Non-Core Datives in Syrian Arabic

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36
Author(s):  
Nisrine Al-Zahre ◽  
Nora Boneh
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Implicature ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Syntactic Properties

In this paper we describe the pragmatic, lexical and syntactic properties of the Syrian Arabic Coreferential Dative Construction (CDC), featuring a dative element bearing agreement features which are identical to those of the subject in the clause, the Coreferential Dative (CD), and an obligatory expression of attenuative vague measure, described by us in Al-Zahre & Boneh (2010). We first show that the CD, which has no truth conditional meaning, contributes to the creation of a Conventional Implicature (Horn 2004, Potts 2005). Second, we propose a way to compositionally integrate the CD into the derivation of these constructions by arguing that the visible pronominal features are non-referential but rather the morphological reflex of checked uninterpretable phi-features on a defective applicative head. To couch the analysis in a wider context, we show how it can extend to other categories of non-core dative in Syrian Arabic.

The Acquisition of Null Subjects in Standard Arabic by Native Speakers of English

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-420
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Null Subjects ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Null Subject Parameter ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Discourse Topic

This paper investigates the acquisition of the syntactic and discourse-pragmatic properties of null subjects in Standard Arabic (SA) by native speakers of English. Ninety participants from intermediate and advanced levels participated in a questionnaire, which aimed to investigate their knowledge on the occurrence of null subjects in SA. The results show that native speakers of English with regard to missing subject and free inversion face no difficulty in the acquisition of the syntactic properties of the null subject parameter in SA; however, they have difficulties in the acquisition of that-trace effect. In terms of discourse-pragmatic properties, the results of the study illustrate that they can also easily acquire the discourse topic and pragmatic anaphora properties of null subjects in SA. Keywords: Null Subjects, free inversion, that-trace effect, discourse topic, pragmatic anaphora, parameter.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC RECONSTRUCTION OF ROOF MODELS FROM BUILDING OUTLINES AND AERIAL IMAGE DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Hron ◽  
Lena Halounová
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Surface Model ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Building Models ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Levels

The knowledge of roof shapes is essential for the creation of 3D building models. Many experts and researchers use 3D building models for specialized tasks, such as creating noise maps, estimating the solar potential of roof structures, and planning new wireless infrastructures. Our aim is to introduce a technique for automating the creation of topologically correct roof building models using outlines and aerial image data. In this study, we used building footprints and vertical aerial survey photographs. Aerial survey photographs enabled us to produce an orthophoto and a digital surface model of the analysed area. The developed technique made it possible to detect roof edges from the orthophoto and to categorize the edges using spatial relationships and height information derived from the digital surface model. This method allows buildings with complicated shapes to be decomposed into simple parts that can be processed separately. In our study, a roof type and model were determined for each building part and tested with multiple datasets with different levels of quality. Excellent results were achieved for simple and medium complex roofs. Results for very complex roofs were unsatisfactory. For such structures, we propose using multitemporal images because these can lead to significant improvements and a better roof edge detection. The method used in this study was shared with the Czech national mapping agency and could be used for the creation of new 3D modelling products in the near future.

scholarly journals THE TEXT – THE READER – THE LITERARY WRITING: A COGNITIVE AND NARRATOLOGICAL PARADIGM

10.23856/3404 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Lidiia Matsevko-Bekerska
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Cognitive Specificity ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Original Sense ◽  
Cognitive Narratology ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

The article presents the study of some aspects in the specificity of the dialogue between the artistic text and the consciousness of the addressee. This issue is quite actively discussed in the modern literary criticism – both in theoretical approaches to analysis and in applied poetics studies. To a large extent, the methodological and terminological apparatus for examining the cognitive specificity of literature has been formed in classical narratological studies and refined in the latest developments. The article focuses on clarifying the essence of the reader as an important element of representing the consciousness, present in the artistic narrative. The specificity of the reader's presence is determined not only by its mediation status, but also by active participation in the creation and coexistence of several worlds: the intentional modus, its fiction embodiment, as well as the individual personal experience of their synthesis. Possible forms of the addressee’s presence in the space of the literary world are modelled in accordance with narrative coordinates. The specificity of each form of reader’s presence is determined by the conventional status, the narrative contour of the text, the objective intentional premises, as well as the ways of permeating into the artistic world, the ways of discovering the meaning, due to which the reading takes place as a holistic phenomenon. From the standpoint of cognitive narratology, every reader's projection has its own peculiarities that influence its place in the process of literary communication. It has been shown that the receptive significance of the literary work consists in the possibility of multiplying the meanings, implementation of the harmonious reader's understanding, corresponding to the original sense. With the increase of interval between the author and the reader, the content of the work is proportionally schematized, and with refinement of the scheme, every single interpretation acquires reliability.

scholarly journals Makerspace Implementation and Pandemic Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Insight Into

Makerspaces have continued to be a popular addition to the services offered by libraries. This article will address the creation and implementation of one at a mid-sized medical library. The writer will summarize their personal experience of the steps taken towards opening the makerspace and give insight into the process. This article will also address the trying times brought on by Covid-19 and the challenges faced in an operational perspective.

scholarly journals body in its digital expansion

Palíndromo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Buendía ◽  
Lidia Alvira ◽  
Juan Sebastián Hernández
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Virtual Education ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Context Variables ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Digital Processes ◽  
Fashion Students

Recognizing the importance of Tributo as a creation space where pedagogical and digital processes are linked, allows the Fashion Design program of the Corporación Unificada Nacionalde Educación Superior CUN in Bogota to move from a personal experience to virtual teaching, as a result of the context variables, to guide the creation processes of the students that areconsolidated from the distant viewpoint of the professor. Three fundamental elements are identified to articulate the research process: the otherness to understand the strategies from the virtual education; the possibility of diversifying the products from the digital creation andthe use of didactic tools, where it gamifies to harness the levels of motivation of the students;the pedagogic and creative practice from the sustainability. We find that teachers establish strategies to take the training of university students through a motivating route that is evidenced in the diversity of products that goes beyond the conventional costume format and focuseson the iconic message, photography, editing, visual and musical remix, which enhance other skills that fashion students in the search for a comprehensive, competitive, sensitive and creative professional.  

scholarly journals An Experimental Research with 3D Objects for the Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Bento
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This study presents the results of an experimental research with the use of 3D resources, such as the creation and printing of physical objects, that can serve as interface for 3D devices, The creation of solutions for the internet of things, requires, besides the knowledge of programming, electronics, internet and computing, also requires the creation of parts, which are often complex, for coupling and manipulation of devices to the internet of things. Personal experience during computer classes was the main motivation for the development of this work, demonstrating how to create solutions that can meet the different projects that involve the internet of things. In addition to presenting the results of a comparison between some tools evaluated during the research. The results were collected during the creation of the objects in 3D systems, besides presenting the results in pieces that were printed with this technology, these results demonstrated the possibility of creating viable solutions and that can serve as a model for new projects, facilitating the development of solutions to the internet of things.

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