scholarly journals Trapping Aliens: Understanding the Complexities of Controlling Introduced Freshwater Crayfish in the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Emily Adams
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Barriers To Success ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Abstract Invasive non-native species pose practical and ethical problems for the people tasked with their management. Invasive freshwater crayfish species in the UK threaten rare native crayfish and freshwater habitats, yet their control is beset with social, practical and environmental barriers to success. This paper draws on an interdisciplinary study of stakeholders involved in crayfish management in East Anglia to explore the management of non-native freshwater crayfish in the UK. It concludes that when standard methods of control fail, stakeholders are willing to consider unusual management suggestions such as commercial trapping, whilst recognising that these may bring their own problems.

scholarly journals First recognized community outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis due to verotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO 157.H7 in the UK

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Morgan ◽  
C. Newman ◽  
S. R. Palmer ◽  
J. B. Allen ◽  
W. Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Haemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
O 157 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe first recognized outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis due toEscherichia coliO 157. H7 in the United Kingdom affected at least 24 persons living in East Anglia over a 2-week period. Theillnesses were characterized by severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea of short duration. Eleven patients were admitted to hospital and there was one death. Patients were mainly adult women who had not eaten out of the home in the 2 weeks before onset. Unlike previously reported outbreaks hamburgers were not the vehicle of infection, and a case-control study suggested that handling vegetables, and particularly potatoes, was the important risk factor.

scholarly journals Detection and Control of Invasive Freshwater Crayfish: From Traditional to Innovative Methods

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Manfrin ◽  
Catherine Souty-Grosset ◽  
Pedro M. Anastácio ◽  
Julian Reynolds ◽  
Piero G. Giulianini
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
And Control

Invasive alien species are widespread in freshwater systems compared to terrestrial ecosystems. Among crustaceans, crayfish in particular have been widely introduced and are considered a major threat to freshwater ecosystem functioning. New emerging techniques for detecting and controlling invasive crayfish and protecting endangered native species are; thus, now highly desirable and several are under evaluation. Important innovations have been developed in recent years for detection of both invasive and native crayfish, mainly through eDNA, which allows for the detection of the target species even at low abundance levels and when not directly observable. Forecasting models have also moved towards the creation of realistic invasion scenarios, allowing effective management plans to be developed in advance of invasions. The importance of monitoring the spread and impacts of crayfish and pathogens in developing national data and research networks is emphasised; here “citizen science” can also play a role. Emerging techniques are still being considered in the field of invasive crayfish control. Although for decades the main traditional techniques to manage invasive crayfish were solely based on trapping, since 2010 biological, biocidal, autocidal controls and sexual attractants, monosex populations, RNA interference, the sterile male release technique and oral delivery have all also been investigated for crayfish control. In this review, ongoing methodologies applied to the detection and management of invasive crayfish are discussed, highlighting their benefits and limitations.

scholarly journals Dealing with dieback: forest manager attitudes towards developing resistant ash trees in the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Marzano ◽  
Paul Woodcock ◽  
Christopher P Quine
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Past Experiences

Abstract European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is a highly valued native species in the UK and elsewhere. The rapid spread and predicted impact of ash dieback (caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus), has led researchers to explore a range of responses from introducing non-native ash to use of Genetic Modification (GM) technologies to develop disease resistance. To support decisions over which approaches should receive further investment to encourage adoption, it is necessary to understand what is acceptable to forest practitioners. Interviews with 22 forest advisors and managers revealed ash is highly valued for the multiple benefits it provides but past experiences with pest and diseases have encouraged a more cautious (‘wait and see’) attitude to approaches for dealing with ash dieback. These practitioners showed a strong interest in the concept of resistant ash but emphasized that any ‘new’ varieties should have similar characteristics, retain genetic diversity and be able to withstand future pests. There was limited support for planting non-native ash and use of GM methods and greater support for traditional breeding, though views varied dependent upon objectives and could evolve with experience countering the disease. There were concerns about the time required to produce resistant varieties and more information was needed about the costs, benefits and impacts of the different approaches. These findings point to the need for continued communication and engagement with stakeholders in the refinement of responses to dieback and any development of resistant ash.

State and Nation in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keating
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Identities ◽  
External Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Questions

The United Kingdom is not a nation-state but a political union. It was formed by the coming together, over centuries, of territories which retained their own national identities and institutions. Key questions of demos (the people), telos (the purpose of union), ethos (binding values) and the locus of sovereignty were never definitively resolved. Since 1999, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have had their own self-governing institutions within the Union. Devolution was an effort to stabilize the Union in the face of centrifugal pressures, but it left the same key questions unresolved. The Union is now contested in all four of its component parts and fundamental questions are raised about the meaning of political, social and economic union. Unionism, as doctrine and practice appears to have lost its way, unable to adjust to devolution. Brexit has added to the strains because membership of the European Union provided an external support system for the union of the United Kingdom itself. Yet the UK cannot easily fall apart into its constituent nations, and public opinion still appears largely content with the idea of a plurinational union. There is no definitive answer to the question of state and nation within the United Kingdom.

7. The structure of the United Kingdom and devolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

This chapter discusses the structure and devolution of the UK. It first sketches the constitutional history of the UK, presenting a brief outline of events that led to the creation of the UK, i.e. the union of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The chapter then examines the issue of devolution, which has been particularly important to the people of Scotland and Wales. The key provisions of the devolution legislation enacted in 1998 and more recent legislative developments are reviewed. The chapter concludes by considering the ‘English Question’ and the agreements between the UK Government and the devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

scholarly journals The current distribution of the freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae) in the Neman river basin in Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
A. V. Alekhnovich ◽  
D. V. Molotkov ◽  
K. Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Gravel Pits ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Crayfish Species

The trends in the distribution and occurrence of the freshwater crayfish in the water bodies of the Neman River basin are presents. It has been shown that both native species: the noble and the narrow-clawed crayfish are declined and/or are displaced with rapidly expanding its range the invasive spiny-cheek crayfish. In recent years the alien species was found in isolated gravel pits and lakes, where it could be transferred only by the human activity. These findings confirm the need of the education about the threats posed by the invasive species on the native biodiversity especially with the local community, which is an obligatory practice for protection the native species in the area expanded with non-native crayfish species. Further, to increase the likelihood of the local biodiversity conservation it is highly needed to undertake targeted actions aimed at resettling endangered populations into waterbodies unavailable for the invasive spiny-cheek crayfish expansion.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Social Stigma and Brexit of European Teachers in the United Kingdom: The Inquiry of Sociocultural and Psychological Racism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Bias ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Phenomenological Design ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the development of the national policies and Brexit in the United Kingdom, teachers from European Union may experience bias and difficulties due to their background and status. From the sociology of education perspective, the researcher employed the stigma approach and the sociocultural and psychological racism theory as the theoretical frameworks to understand how experienced European teachers who lived in the United Kingdom describe their experiences. The phenomenological design with two sessions of in-depth interview tool was employed to recruit 86 participants all around the United Kingdom. The results indicated that workplace bullying, discrimination and stigma due to nationality, and limited promotion opportunities were key concerns. The outcomes of this study captured the contemporary situation, stigma, social bias and discrimination problems based on the people who have settled in the UK for at least two decades. Policymakers, government leaders, human resources professionals, social caring professionals and researchers may take this study as the opportunity to polish and reform their community.   Received: 19 July 2021 / Accepted: 13 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

7. The structure of the United Kingdom and devolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-172
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk

This chapter discusses the structure and devolution of the UK. It first sketches the constitutional history of the UK, presenting a brief outline of events that led to the creation of the UK, ie the union of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The chapter then examines the issue of devolution, which has been particularly important to the people of Scotland and Wales. The key provisions of the devolution legislation enacted in 1998 and more recent legislative developments are reviewed. The chapter concludes by considering the ‘English Question’, and the agreements between the UK Government and the devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and the devolution provisions in the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.

Explaining MPs’ communication to their constituents: Evidence from the UK House of Commons

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Auel ◽  
Resul Umit
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Everyone agrees that members of parliaments (MPs) should keep in touch with the people they represent. Yet some MPs invest more in communication with their constituency than others. We approach this problem with data from the parliamentary communication allowance in the United Kingdom, where all MPs had the same amount of budget to reach out proactively to their electors. We base our analysis on two fundamental assumptions: that re-election is the main goal of legislators and that communication to signal trustworthiness is one way of securing their re-election. We then examine the impact of electoral prospects, constituency characteristics, and parliamentary behaviour on communication to constituents. We find evidence that, even in the absence of budgetary constraints, MPs’ constituency communication depends on challenges to their re-election.

The Law & Politics of Brexit

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
Successful Experiment ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

The decision by the people of the United Kingdom (UK) to vote in a referendum on 23 June 2016 to leave the European Union (EU) has produced shock-waves across Europe and the world. While the Treaty on European Union explicitly allows a Member State to withdraw from the Union, no country thus far had ever decided to secede from what is arguably the most successful experiment in regional integration in history. Brexit, therefore, calls into question consolidated assumptions on the finality of the EU, and simultaneously opens new challenges—not only in the institutional fabric of Europe, but also in the UK constitutional settlement, eg in Northern Ireland and Scotland. This book provides a first comprehensive analysis of the challenges posed by Brexit, their causes, and their consequences. By combining the contributions of lawyers, political scientists, and political economists from across Europe, the book seeks to shed light on the manifold and complicated effects that Brexit creates—in the UK, and its internal constitutional settlement, as well as in the EU, and its institutional regime. While many uncertainties still surround the process of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU, so much is already on the table: this book thus avoids speculation and focuses instead on the many and difficult political, legal, and economic issues that Brexit exposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document