scholarly journals Microgels and Nanoparticles: Where Micro and Nano Go Hand in Hand

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz H. Juarez ◽  
Luis M. Liz-Marzán
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Nanoscale Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe integration of different types of materials in a single hybrid system allows the combination of multiple functionalities, which can even be used in conjunction with each other. This strategy has been exploited in nanoscale systems for the creation of so-called smart nanomaterials. Within this category, the combination of inorganic nanoparticles with stimuli-responsive microgels is of very high interest because of the wide variety of potential applications. We present here a short overview of this type of materials in which the nano- and micro-scales get nicely integrated, with a great potential to expand the range of technological applications. We focus mainly on the integration of metal nanoparticles, either by themselves or in combination with semiconductor and magnetic nanoparticles. Various examples of the synergic properties that can be obtained are described, as well as the possibility to extract useful information when optical tweezers are used to manipulate single particles. We expect that this review will stimulate additional research in this field.

scholarly journals Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Their Projection in Nanomedicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Vallet-Regí
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are receiving growing attention by the scientific biomedical community. Among the different types of inorganic nanomaterials, mesoporous silica nanoparticles have emerged as promising multifunctional platforms for nanomedicine. Since their introduction in the drug delivery landscape in 2001, mesoporous materials for drug delivery are receiving growing scientific interest for their potential applications in the biotechnology and nanomedicine fields. The ceramic matrix efficiently protects entrapped guest molecules against enzymatic degradation or denaturation induced by pH and temperature as no swelling or porosity changes take place as a response to variations in the surrounding medium. It is possible to load huge amounts of cargo into the mesopore voids and capping the pore entrances with different nanogates. The application of a stimulus provokes the nanocap removal and triggers the departure of the cargo. This strategy permits the design of stimuli-responsive drug delivery nanodevices.

Microcavities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Kavokin ◽  
Jeremy J. Baumberg ◽  
Guillaume Malpuech ◽  
Fabrice P. Laussy
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Optical Cavities ◽  
Semiconductor Quantum Wells ◽  
Exciton Polaritons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Experimental Findings

Both rich fundamental physics of microcavities and their intriguing potential applications are addressed in this book, oriented to undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as to physicists and engineers. We describe the essential steps of development of the physics of microcavities in their chronological order. We show how different types of structures combining optical and electronic confinement have come into play and were used to realize first weak and later strong light–matter coupling regimes. We discuss photonic crystals, microspheres, pillars and other types of artificial optical cavities with embedded semiconductor quantum wells, wires and dots. We present the most striking experimental findings of the recent two decades in the optics of semiconductor quantum structures. We address the fundamental physics and applications of superposition light-matter quasiparticles: exciton-polaritons and describe the most essential phenomena of modern Polaritonics: Physics of the Liquid Light. The book is intended as a working manual for advanced or graduate students and new researchers in the field.

scholarly journals Dynamic Manipulation of THz Waves Enabled by Phase-Transition VO2 Thin Film

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Chang Lu ◽  
Qingjian Lu ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
Yuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Methods ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Current State ◽  
Insulator Metal Transition ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Thz Applications ◽  
Thz Waves

The reversible and multi-stimuli responsive insulator-metal transition of VO2, which enables dynamic modulation over the terahertz (THz) regime, has attracted plenty of attention for its potential applications in versatile active THz devices. Moreover, the investigation into the growth mechanism of VO2 films has led to improved film processing, more capable modulation and enhanced device compatibility into diverse THz applications. THz devices with VO2 as the key components exhibit remarkable response to external stimuli, which is not only applicable in THz modulators but also in rewritable optical memories by virtue of the intrinsic hysteresis behaviour of VO2. Depending on the predesigned device structure, the insulator-metal transition (IMT) of VO2 component can be controlled through thermal, electrical or optical methods. Recent research has paid special attention to the ultrafast modulation phenomenon observed in the photoinduced IMT, enabled by an intense femtosecond laser (fs laser) which supports “quasi-simultaneous” IMT within 1 ps. This progress report reviews the current state of the field, focusing on the material nature that gives rise to the modulation-allowed IMT for THz applications. An overview is presented of numerous IMT stimuli approaches with special emphasis on the underlying physical mechanisms. Subsequently, active manipulation of THz waves through pure VO2 film and VO2 hybrid metamaterials is surveyed, highlighting that VO2 can provide active modulation for a wide variety of applications. Finally, the common characteristics and future development directions of VO2-based tuneable THz devices are discussed.

scholarly journals Germanium Nanowires as Sensing Devices: Modelization of Electrical Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Luca Seravalli ◽  
Claudio Ferrari ◽  
Matteo Bosi
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Molecular Sensing ◽  
Germanium Nanowires ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Additional Doping ◽  
Different Types ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Very High

In this paper, we model the electrical properties of germanium nanowires with a particular focus on physical mechanisms of electrical molecular sensing. We use the Tibercad software to solve the drift-diffusion equations in 3D and we validate the model against experimental data, considering a p-doped nanowire with surface traps. We simulate three different types of interactions: (1) Passivation of surface traps; (2) Additional surface charges; (3) Charge transfer from molecules to nanowires. By analyzing simulated I–V characteristics, we observe that: (i) the largest change in current occurs with negative charges on the surfaces; (ii) charge transfer provides relevant current changes only for very high values of additional doping; (iii) for certain values of additional n-doping ambipolar currents could be obtained. The results of these simulations highlight the complexity of the molecular sensing mechanism in nanowires, that depends not only on the NW parameters but also on the properties of the molecules. We expect that these findings will be valuable to extend the knowledge of molecular sensing by germanium nanowires, a fundamental step to develop novel sensors based on these nanostructures.

scholarly journals Optical vortex lattice: an exploitation of orbital angular momentum

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuhao Zhu ◽  
Miaomiao Tang ◽  
Hehe Li ◽  
Yuping Tai ◽  
Xinzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Vortex Lattice ◽  
Optical Vortex ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Particle Manipulation ◽  
Complex Motion ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Vortex Beams

Abstract Generally, an optical vortex lattice (OVL) is generated via the superposition of two specific vortex beams. Thus far, OVL has been successfully employed to trap atoms via the dark cores. The topological charge (TC) on each optical vortex (OV) in the lattice is only ±1. Consequently, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) on the lattice is ignored. To expand the potential applications, it is necessary to rediscover and exploit OAM. Here we propose a novel high-order OVL (HO-OVL) that combines the phase multiplication and the arbitrary mode-controllable techniques. TC on each OV in the lattice is up to 51, which generates sufficient OAM to manipulate microparticles. Thereafter, the entire lattice can be modulated to desirable arbitrary modes. Finally, yeast cells are trapped and rotated by the proposed HO-OVL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first realization of the complex motion of microparticles via OVL. Thus, this work successfully exploits OAM on OVL, thereby revealing potential applications in particle manipulation and optical tweezers.

scholarly journals The Nanosystems Involved in Treating Lung Cancer

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Andreea Crintea ◽  
Alina Gabriela Dutu ◽  
Gabriel Samasca ◽  
Ioan Alexandru Florian ◽  
Iulia Lupan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
The Many

Even though there are various types of cancer, this pathology as a whole is considered the principal cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer is known as a heterogeneous condition, and it is apparent that genome modification presents a significant role in the occurrence of this disorder. There are conventional procedures that can be utilized against diverse cancer types, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but they are hampered by the numerous side effects. Owing to the many adverse events observed in these therapies, it is imperative to continuously develop new and improved strategies for managing individuals with cancer. Nanomedicine plays an important role in establishing new methods for detecting chromosomal rearrangements and mutations for targeted chemotherapeutics or the local delivery of drugs via different types of nano-particle carriers to the lungs or other organs or areas of interest. Because of the complex signaling pathways involved in developing different types of cancer, the need to discover new methods for prevention and detection is crucial in producing gene delivery materials that exhibit the desired roles. Scientists have confirmed that nanotechnology-based procedures are more effective than conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with minor side effects. Several nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanosystems have been studied, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, micelles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, and even siRNA delivery systems. The cytotoxicity of such nanosystems is a debatable concern, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems must be improved to increase the bioavailability, biocompatibility, and safety profiles, since these nanosystems boast a remarkable potential in many biomedical applications, including anti-tumor activity or gene therapy. In this review, the nanosystems involved in treating lung cancer and its associated challenges are discussed.

ORIENTATING MANIPULATION OF CYLINDRICAL PARTICLES WITH OPTICAL TWEEZERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIUDONG SUN ◽  
XUECONG LI ◽  
JIANLONG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Optical Trap ◽  
Polarization Direction ◽  
Beam Shape ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Cylindrical Particles

Orientating manipulations of cylindrical particles were performed by optical tweezers. Vertical and horizontal manipulations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were carried out by changing the trapping depth and the focused laser beam shape. It was found that carbon nanotubes bundles (CNTBs) could be rotated in the linear polarized optical trap until it orientated its long axis along the linear polarization direction of the laser beam. However, E.coli could not be orientated in this way. Corresponding mechanisms were discussed based on the anisomeric electric characters of CNTBs. These orientation technologies of cylindrical objects with optical trap have potential applications in assembling nano-electric devices.

Unsymmetrical phthalocyanines with cyclopalladated azo functions

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yasemin Yenilmez Akkurt ◽  
Ali ihsan Okur ◽  
Ahmet Gül
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Palladium Complex ◽  
Palladium Complexes ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Synthetic Procedure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Very High

In this study, a synthetic procedure for unsymmetrical metallophthalocyanines of the form M[Pc(AB3)], where A and B refer to two different types of peripheral functionality, has been developed and the new compounds have been converted to monomeric and dimeric palladium complexes. Asymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized with the well-known statistical condensation method, by using two differently substituted precursors, namely 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-1-2-dicyanobenzene (1) and 4-{4-[Z/E]-phenylazo]-1-naphthyl}oxy-1,2-dicyanobenzene (2). Consequently, electron-donating 2-ethoxyethoxy groups and electron-withdrawing palladium complex are present in the same structure. Cyclopalladation was performed with [Pd(PhCN)2Cl2] to yield the bis-μ-chloro-bridged dimers and subsequently, the corresponding monomers were obtained by refluxing with three equivalents of potassium acetylacetonate. The resulting products were purified by column chromatography and characterized by several chemical and spectroscopic analysis methods. All compounds have very high solubility in organic solvents due to the presence of 2-ethoxyethoxy moiety.

Text Analysis of Project Completion Reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
César E. Montiel Olea ◽  
Leonardo R. Corral
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Development Effectiveness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Project Cycle ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Unique Dataset

Project Completion Reports (PCRs) are the main instrument through which different multilateral organizations measure the success of a project once it closes. PCRs are important for development effectiveness as they serve to understand achievements, failures, and challenges within the project cycle they can feed back into the design and execution of new projects. The aim of this paper is to introduce text analysis tools for the exploration of PCR documents. We describe and apply different text analysis tools to explore the content of a sample of PCRs. We seek to illustrate a way in which PCRs can be summarized and analyzed using innovative tools applied to a unique dataset. We believe that the methods presented in this investigation have numerous potential applications to different types of text documents routinely prepared within the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

Biocytin-Based pH-Stimuli Responsive Supramolecular Multivariant Hydrogelator for Potential Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1382-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samala Murali Mohan Reddy ◽  
George Augustine ◽  
Niraikulam Ayyadurai ◽  
Ganesh Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Potential Applications
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