scholarly journals The potential risk of heavy metals on human health due to the daily consumption of vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Baghaie ◽  
Mohammad Fereydoni
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Consumption

Background: Vegetables are one of the most important components of daily food. Thus, this research was done to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metals on human health due to the consumption of vegetables distributed in the fruits and vegetables central market of Arak, Iran. Methods: In this study, a total 45 samples from edible parts of parsley, mint, chard, fenugreek, cress, basil, coriander, lettuce, and cabbage distributed in the fruits and vegetables central market of Arak were randomly collected and the concentration of heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in these crop plants was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals intake through the consumption of the studied vegetables was evaluated for male and female using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method. Results: The highest and lowest Pb daily intake and Pb risk index was related to the consumption of cabbage and basil, respectively. And the highest daily intake of Cd and As was related to lettuce consumption, while the lowest daily intake of these metals was related to the consumption of coriander. Among the studied heavy metals, As had the highest hazard quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogenic diseases. The highest HQ belonged to As through lettuce consumption and the lowest one belonged to As through coriander consumption (58 g/day). The HQ for female was higher than that for male. Conclusion: According to the results, the total hazard quotient (THQ) of non-carcinogenic diseases from the total studied vegetables was above the standard level. On the other hand, the HQ for female was higher than that for male.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Three Species of Mollusks (Egeria radiata, Limicolaria flammea and Viviparus contectus) from Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
I. Felagha ◽  
M. O. Monanu ◽  
B. A. Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Risk

Heavy metals pose a threat to human health and their presence in specific matrices is anthropogenic. The work focuses on the penetration of the food chain through the ingestion of mollusk proteins. This study evaluated the composition of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn) in three species of mollusks (Limicolaria flammea, Viviparus contectus, Egeria radiata) from Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria and the health risk associated with their consumption. Heavy metals concentration was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Health risk associated with consumption of the samples were assessed by Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR). EDI, THQ and CR were done by calculation following standards. Heavy metals concentration range in the samples were: Cd (0.289±0.00 mg/kg - 0.667±0.00 mg/kg), Mn (0.816±0.00 mg/kg - 0.934±0.00 mg/kg), Pb (0.082±0.00 mg/kg - 0.092±0.00 mg/kg) and Zn (4.114±0.00 mg/kg - 8.534±0.00 mg/kg); Cr was not detected in neither of the samples.  EDI of heavy metals through consumption of these samples were within acceptable limits for all heavy metals detected. THQ ranges were as follows: Cd (0.4949-1.1420), Mn (0.000017-0.000019), Pb (0.0401 - 0.0450) and Zn (0.0016 - 0.0066).  THQ values indicate that there is no human risk concern of risk for humans except Cd (in E. radiata). CR values for Cd were as follows: L. flammea (3.8×10-3), E. radiata (4.34×10-4) and V. contectus (1.88×10-4). CR values were within acceptable limits with the exception of Cd in L. flammea. The present study shows that the samples contained detectable levels of heavy metals however their consumption do not pose any form of health risk with the except for Cd in L. flammea, hence the carcinogenic role of L. flammea stands out for its high content of Cd.

scholarly journals Assessment of Toxic Metals in Some Selected Cosmetic Products in Nigeria and Their Health Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Olayinka Abidemi Ibigbami ◽  
Samuel Oluyemi Adefemi ◽  
Samuel Sunday Asaolu ◽  
Iseoluwa Joshua Orege ◽  
Adeolu Jonathan Adesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Allowable Level

The study determined the levels of heavy metals in some selected cosmetic products, commonly marketed in Nigeria, and assessed their possible potential human health risks. The health risk assessment was patterned according to the model of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The heavy metals concentrations ranged from 0.043 0.027 (Pb) - 1.89 1.04 (Fe) with the concentration order: Fe]Cu]Zn]Mn]Cr]Cd]Pb. The total daily intake for all the metals were generally below maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The estimated hazard index, hazard quotient and cancer risks were all within allowable level. The study indicated that users of the studied products are less susceptible to any significant health (carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic) risk.

Heavy metal and essential elements in beers from turkey market: A risk assessment study

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199321
Author(s):  
M Charehsaz ◽  
S Helvacıoğlu ◽  
S Çetinkaya ◽  
R Demir ◽  
O Erdem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals

In this study, the level of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and also essential elements in beer samples consumed in Turkey were investigated using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The heavy metal-induced non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated. For essential elements, the calculated estimated daily intake of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) from beer consumption were compared with their toxicity reference values. Tukey post-hoc test showed that As was found at a significantly higher level when compared to Pb. Also, a significant correlation was found between As level and alcohol by volume percent. All samples had a hazard quotient and hazard index <1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to single or multiple heavy metals. Some samples exceeded the threshold limit of acceptable cancer risk for As in the high beer consumer group. This assessment showed that in addition to health implications based on the alcohol content of beer, there might be a carcinogenic risk associated with the heavy metals content of these beverages.

scholarly journals Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and commonly consumed food crops from quarry sites located at Isiagwu, Ebonyi State

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechi Bliss Onyedikachi ◽  
Donatus Chuka Belonwu ◽  
Mattew Owhonda Wegwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Bioaccumulation Index

Abstract In view of ensuring healthy agricultural foods for human consumption, this study assessed the human health risk implicated in selected heavy metals in some commonly consumed vegetables, tubers, nuts and fruits grown around the quarry sites at Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Samples from agriculture area of Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria, constituted the control. The concentration of Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb, were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The potential non-carcinogenic health risk for consumers which included Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) for Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Cu while carcinogenic health risk using Cancer Slope Factors (CSF) was established for Cd and Pb. Relative abundance of heavy metals across the locations and all samples was in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. There was statistical significant effect of quarrying activities on the concentration of the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd) at p < 0.05 level. Based on the observed bioconcentration factors, cassava showed more hyperaccumulation potential compared to other samples. Pumpkin and bitter leaf also could be used in remediation owing to their high bioaccumulation index for Pb and Zn. THQ obtained for Mn and Pb were >1 indicating that the residents at the quarry site may be exposed to potential non-carcinogenic health risk due to Mn and Pb intoxication. With respect to US EPA prescriptions, average carcinogenic risk values obtained for Pb and Cd in this study indicated a lifetime (70 years) probability of contracting cancer suggesting that they be placed for further consideration as chemicals of concern with respect to the assessed locals.

scholarly journals Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Resources of North East of Iran in 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Sadeghi ◽  
Mina Noroozi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
North East

Introduction: Contamination of water with heavy metals has turned into a health concern, particularly in the developing countries. In this study, concentration of heavy metals and associated carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risk was investigated in water samples collected from Gonbad-e Kavus, a high-risk area for cancer. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from Gorgan River, Golestan reservoir and wells around villages with high prevalence in 2018. Samples were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After determining the concentration of heavy metals in water samples from different sources, health risk assessment was carried out according to the Environmental Protection Agency.  Results: Arsenic in samples 6-9 was higher than 10 µg/L, calcium and magnesium in sample 5 was higher than 200 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively, and sodium in all samples was higher than 50 mg/L.  According to the findings, these concentrations were higher than the maximum allowed limit in most water samples. Hazard quotient (HQ) in samples 8 and 9 were associated with arsenic and health risk in sample 1 was related to antimony. Furthermore, since all samples contained high amounts of lithium, water from this area better should not be consumed by children older than one year. Conclusion: Given the high rate of arsenic contamination, consumption of water in the study area could be health threatening for all individuals and is not recommended for children. This highlights the need for taking immediate actions to review the water treatment process and ensure safety of the drinking water in this area.

scholarly journals Potential Human Health Risks Assessment through Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in Regularly Consumed Yogurts in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
GMM Anwarul Hasan ◽  
Mohammed A. Satter ◽  
Anuj Kumer Das
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Health Risks Assessment ◽  
Risks Assessment

This study estimated the concentrations of heavy metals in regularly consumed sour, sweet and homemade traditional yogurts in Bangladesh. A total of 300 yogurt samples (sour, sweet and homemade traditional); 100 yogurt samples of each category were considered for this assay. To assess the health risks, the daily yogurt consumption rate and the value of target carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these yogurt samples were also determined. In sour yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.398±0.121 mg/kg, 0.774±0.372 mg/kg, 0.087±0.021 mg/kg, 0.131±0.026 mg/kg, 0.011±0.006 mg/kg, 0.031±0.005 mg/kg, 0.445±0.267 mg/kg and 0.029±0.024 mg/kg while in sweet yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.146 mg/kg, 0.704±0.324 mg/kg, 0.082±0.028 mg/kg, 0.146±0.025 mg/kg, 0.010±0.005 mg/kg, 0.030±0.007 mg/kg, 0.460±0.265 mg/kg, and 0.035±0.026 mg/kg and in homemade traditional yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.147 mg/kg, 1.502±0.367 mg/kg, 0.085±0.020 mg/kg, 0.120±0.024 mg/kg, 0.011±0.005 mg/kg, 0.020±0.005 mg/kg, 0.251±0.174 mg/kg and 0.025±0.021 mg/Kg for Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) respectively. Among the analyzed heavy metals, highest concentration of Cu and lowest concentration of Pb was detected in all yogurt types. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ), Total THQ (TTHQ) and Target Carcinogenic risk (TCR) confirmed that, there have no chances of any kind of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from these yogurt samples.

scholarly journals Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment due to Fluoride Exposure from Tea Consumption in Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Karami ◽  
Yadollah Fakhri ◽  
Shahabaldin Rezania ◽  
Abdol Azim Alinejad ◽  
Ali Akbar Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Fluoride Exposure

Excessive intake of fluoride can cause adverse health effects. Consumption of tea as a popular drink could be a potential source of fluoride exposure to humans. This research aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in tea among the Iranian people using the available data in the literature and to assess the health risk related to the consumption of tea in men, women, and children. The health risk assessment was conducted using the chronic daily intake and hazard quotient according to the approach suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency. The fluoride content in published studies varied noticeably, ranging from 0.13 to 3.27 mg/L. The results revealed that the hazard quotient (HQ) in age groups of women (21–72 years) and children (0–11 years) was within the safe zone (HQ < 1) which showed that there was no potential of non-carcinogenic risk associated with drinking tea in these groups. However, in one case of the men (21–72 years), the HQ > 1 which shows a probable risk of fluorosis. The order of non-carcinogenic health risks in the studied groups was in the order of men > women > children. The results of this can be useful for organizations with the responsibility of human health promotion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metals in some locally produced food seasonings in Katsina State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ibrahim Yaradua ◽  
Adamu Jibrin Alhassan ◽  
Kabir Ibrahim Matazu ◽  
Abdullahi Nasir ◽  
Aminu Idi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Processed Products

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in seeds used as raw materials in producing local food seasonings (Locust bean, Soya beans and seed of Hibiscus subdariffa) and the produced local seasonings (Daddawar Kalwa, Daddawar waken Soya and Daddawar Botso) in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in some local seeds used in the preparation of local seasonings and their processed products used in food seasoning in the study area, compare the effect of processing on concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards. Samples of seeds used in local processing of food seasonings were collected in the year 2017 from the selected area.  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spetrophotometry) method. The difference between concentrations of heavy metals in unprocessed and processed seed samples was performed by the use of T-test statistical analysis. Results from this study has shown that concentration values of Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn in the  samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. The results have indicated that the estimated daily intake of the heavy metals were lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA (2013) in both samples and the health risk index (HRI) for all the heavy metals were <1. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for the samples was in the decreasing order Cd>Pb>Mn>Fe>Ni>Zn>Cr, with the heavy metal Cd having a value of more than 1 which is a cause for concern. Key words: Soya beans, Heavy metals, Katsina, seasonings, locust beans.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr in Drinking Water in some Wells and Springs of Shush and Andimeshk, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Mohamad Sakizadeh ◽  
◽  
Rouhollah Mirzaei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Geostatistical Methods

Background: In the current study,the hazard quotient, the hazard index (HI) and spatial variations of Fe,Mn,Cu and Cr in drinking water sources of Andimesk-Shush, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iranaquifer were assessed. Methods: We compared theconcentrations of aforementioned heavy metals in wells and springs inAndimeshk and Shush regions. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals was implemented usingUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) index.The spatial maps in the area were developed by geostatistical methods. Results: Mean concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater sources of the study area in decreasing order was as follows: Cu >Mn> Fe> Cr. Except for iron,mean heavy metal concentrations were higher than the standard levels. Manganese concentration in 41.5% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits. Copper was higher than the safety limit in 74% of the samples, and chromium in 54% of the cases. The spatial pattern of heavy metals concentrations indicated higher concentrations in the southern parts of the region. The mean hazard quotients of most samples for the four heavy metals were lower than one, indicating that there was no immediate threat due to the exposure to these heavy metals. The calculated accumulated hazards of these heavy metals produced different results, with hazard indices of higher than one. Conclusion: The accumulated hazard indicesfor the evaluated metals were higher than one, indicating that chronic ingestion of these waters threatens the health of local consumers on the long run.

scholarly journals Dietary Content and Potential Health Risks of Metals in Commercial Black Tea in Kampala (Uganda)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bamuwamye ◽  
Patrick Ogwok ◽  
Vivian Tumuhairwe ◽  
Richard Eragu ◽  
Henriettah Nakisozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Acceptable Range

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It is a rich source of essential dietary elements mainly potassium and manganese. Tea may also contain toxic metals such as cadmium and lead which pose a threat to human health because of their toxicity. Twenty samples of commercial black tea in Kampala city were randomly obtained and analysed for potassium, sodium, aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Human health risks due to exposure to toxic elements from daily consumption of tea were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer hazard quotient. Metal contents of black tea sold in Kampala were below international regulatory limits. The estimated daily intake of the elements in two grams of black tea was below the recommended values. Hazard quotient and hazard index were within acceptable range. Total cancer risk levels for all the teas were also within United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable range. Daily consumption of one cup containing two grams of black tea over a lifetime will promote consumer overall health and wellbeing.

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