scholarly journals Intra-urban patterns of neighborhood-level social capital: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Jaron King ◽  
Cassidy A. Hine ◽  
Tessa Washburn ◽  
Hunter Montgomery ◽  
Robert A. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Random Assortment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Background: Social capital is a construct of interaction and social trust in one’s fellow community members. These interactions can provide a safety net for individuals in terms of information, social support, and adherence to social norms. While a number of studies have previously examined the relationship between social capital and health outcomes, few have examined the theparallel relationship of social capital and geographic "place" with respect to health outcomes. Methods: Considering social capital as facilitated by specific structures, we evaluate the relationship between neighborhood-level social capital and disability rates in a major Southern US city. Disability rates were collected through neighborhood-level data via the AmericanCommunity Survey (ACS) and compared to a geocoded map of neighborhood-level social capital measures during spring, 2016. Results: Higher social capital within a neighborhood coincided with lower disability rates in that neighborhood (r=-0.14, P=0.016) when compared to random assortment models. Conclusion: Findings from this research add evidence to the value of the built environment, not only providing resources and shaping choices, but for facilitating important social relationships.

scholarly journals The Bridging Activity of Multiracial Congregations

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Edward Polson ◽  
Rachel Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The growing diversity of U.S. communities has led scholars to explore how racial/ethnic diversity effects social capital, civic engagement, and social trust. Less is known about the relationship between diversity and the work of community-based organizations (CBOs). In this study, we examine how the racial/ethnic composition of one ubiquitous type of CBO, religious congregations, is related to measures of organizational bridging social capital. Analyzing data collected through a census of congregations in one Midwestern county, we explore the relationship between racial/ethnic diversity and the bridging activity of religious congregations. We find that multiracial congregations are more likely to be involved with externally focused service programs, tend to support a larger number of programs, and report more interorganizational collaborators than other congregations. Our findings suggest that multiracial congregations can provide a valuable resource for increasingly diverse communities and civil society.

Cyber Behavior and Social Capital

2012 ◽  
pp. 1063-1073
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews historical development of research on cyber behavior and social capital, based on the definition by Robert D. Putnam, by focusing on the relationship between Information Communication and Technology use with social networks, civic engagement, as well as social trust. Firstly, the intellectual history of studies on cyber behavior and social capital is reviewed. Secondly, important past studies on the relationship between ICT use and social capital are focused from four perspectives: social networks, civic engagement, local community, and mobile phone use. Finally, future research directions are discussed from the perspective of comparative culture and rapidly evolving high-functionality smart phones.

scholarly journals Relationship between social capital indicators and lifestyle in Brazilian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1636-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Roberto Loch ◽  
Regina Kazue Tanno de Souza ◽  
Arthur Eumann Mesas ◽  
David Martinez-Gómez ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between indicators of social capital and health-related behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1,062 participants representative of the population aged 40 years or older from a city in Southern Brazil. The following indicators of social capital were examined: number of friends, number of people they could borrow money from when in need; extent of trust in community members; number of times members of the community help each other; community safety; and extent of membership in community activities. Also, an overall score of social capital including all indicators was calculated. A poor social capital was associated with insufficient leisure-time physical activity (OR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.07-2.70), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.53; 95%CI: 1.05-2.24), and smoking (OR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.21-3.21). No clear association was found between capital social and binge drinking. A score of social capital showed an inverse relationship with the number of prevalent risk behaviors (p < 0.001). These results reinforce that policies to promote health should consider social capital.

Give Us Your Tired, Your Poor and We Might Buy Them Dinner: Social Capital, Immigration, and Welfare Generosity in the American States

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Hawes ◽  
Austin Michael McCrea
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
State Level ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
American States ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
Welfare Generosity

A long-standing debate persists regarding how social capital relates to diversity and inequality in the American states. Putnam argues social capital leads to greater equality and tolerance; however, others find that it increases racial inequality. We build on Soss, Fording, and Schram’s Racial Classification Model (RCM) and theorize that social capital enhances social trust and empathy in homogeneous contexts and favors paternalistic and punitive social controls in diverse contexts. We test this using the case of immigration and welfare generosity following the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996. Using state-level data from 1997 to 2009, we find that under conditions of low immigration, social capital is associated with increased social trust and empathy; however, as immigration increases, social capital pivots toward favoring mechanisms of social control. Specifically, social capital increases Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash benefit levels, but only when immigration levels are low. In high-immigration contexts, social capital is associated with decreased welfare generosity.

scholarly journals Advancing knowledge on social capital for young people’s mental health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Morgan ◽  
Petra Svedberg ◽  
Maria Nyholm ◽  
Jens Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
English Only ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Inequalities in young people’s mental health have been documented according to social class but less is known about determinants that can buffer or mediate the relationship. Social capital has the potential to contribute to alleviating observed health inequalities. However, clarity about how it can be understood and measured in relation to mental health among younger populations remains inconsistent. This scoping review examined published literature to investigate how social capital has been researched for young people’s mental health. An established framework was used to guide the methodology. Studies were included: on age (10–19 years); publication year (since 2000); language (English). Only studies using social capital as a central theme were included. No restriction was placed on mental health outcomes. Nine bibliographic databases were interrogated. Articles (1541) were screened, 793 retained for analysis and 73 articles were included. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe. Twenty per cent provided insights into how social capital should be described in relation to young people. A majority of the studies provided links between varying social capital indicators and a range of mental health outcomes (70%), however such evidence was associational. Only few studies inferred the causal direction between social capital and health (10%) and there were no dedicated studies on measurement. Findings suggest that literature on social capital and young people’s mental health has grown but continues to be variously described and measured. It requires better utilization of existing knowledge and new research to improve its application in practice.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Perspective on the Health Effect of Social Capital: Evidence for the Relative Importance of Individual Social Capital over Neighborhood Social Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Susan Lagaert ◽  
Thom Snaphaan ◽  
Veerle Vyncke ◽  
Wim Hardyns ◽  
Lieven J. R. Pauwels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
Individual Social Capital ◽  
Multilevel Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Employing a multilevel perspective on the health effects of social capital, this study analyzes how individual and neighborhood differences in self-rated health in Ghent (Belgium), relate to individual and collective social mechanisms, when taking demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of individuals into account. This study estimates the health effects of social trust, informal social control and disorder at the neighborhood level and social support and network size at the individual level, using indicators indebted to both the normative and resource-based approaches to social capital. Instead of the mere aggregation of individual indicators of social capital, this study uses the key informant technique as a methodologically superior measurement of neighborhood social capital, which combined with a multilevel analysis strategy, allows to disentangle the health effects of individual and neighborhood social capital. The analysis highlights the health benefits of individual social capital, i.e., individual social support and network size. The study indicates that controlling for individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics reduces the effect of the neighborhood-level counterparts and the neighborhood characteristics social trust and neighborhood disorder have significant, but small health effects. In its effects on self-rated health, social capital operates on the individual level, rather than the neighborhood level.

Bridging the Divide: Does Social Capital Moderate the Impact of Polarization on Health?

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110345
Author(s):  
Costas Panagopoulos ◽  
Timothy Fraser ◽  
Daniel P. Aldrich ◽  
Daniel Kim ◽  
David Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Experts

Rising partisan polarization in the American public over the last decade has been linked to stress and anxiety, raising questions about how communities and public health experts should respond. As the strength of an individual’s social network correlates with better health outcomes, could building a diverse set of connections moderate the effect of political polarization on an individual’s health? This study examines the role of social capital as a key intervening variable in the relationship between polarization and health. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 2,752 U.S. residents conducted in December 2019 compared with county-level data, we use negative binomial, logit, and gamma models to examine the interaction between indicators of political polarization and bonding, bridging, and linking social capital on physical and mental health outcomes. We find consistent evidence that bonding social ties intervene to improve the physical and mental health of individuals in polarized communities, while bridging ties are related to worse health for politically isolated residents. By highlighting the relationship between polarization, social networks, and health, our findings shed light on how public health experts, and policymakers can improve health outcomes in polarized communities.

scholarly journals The role of social capital in COVID-19 deaths

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki Imbulana Arachchi ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Community Attachment ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a continuously increasing trend with a large variation in the number of COVID-19 deaths across countries. In response, many countries have implemented non pharmaceutical methods of intervention, such as social distancing and lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the relationship of four dimensions of social capital (community attachment, social trust, family bond, and security) and several control variables with COVID-19 deaths. Methods We retrieved data from open access databases and a survey. COVID-19 death-related data were collected from the website “Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University”. Social capital-related data were collected from a large-scale survey that included web-based and face-to-face surveys covering 100,956 respondents across all regions/provinces/states of 37 countries in 2017. Data regarding population density, number of hospital beds, and population aged 65 or older were retrieved from the World Development Indicators (WDIs). Data on country lockdowns were obtained from the website “National responses to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic”. Linear regressions were applied to identify the relationship between social capital and COVID-19 deaths. Results We found that COVID-19 deaths were associated with social capital both positively and negatively. Community attachment and social trust were associated with more COVID-19 deaths, and family bond and security were associated with fewer deaths. COVID-19 deaths were positively associated with population density, ageing population, and interactions between four dimensions of social capital-related factors and the ageing population. Furthermore, the number of hospital beds and early lockdown policy were negatively associated with COVID-19 deaths. Conclusions The results indicate that the role of social capital in dynamically evolving threats, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, is not always negative or positive. Therefore, people’s behaviour should be changed to support countries’ response to the COVID-19 threat.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Capital on Covid-19 Deaths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki Imbulana Arachchi ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Community Attachment ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Covid-19 pandemic shows a continuously increasing trend with a huge variation in the number of Covid-19 deaths across countries. In response, many countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical methods of intervention such as social distancing and lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the four dimensions of social capital (community attachment, social trust, family bond, and security) with several control variables of Covid-19 deaths. Methods: We retrieved data from open access databases and our survey data. Covid-19 deaths related data were collected from the website “Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University”. Social capital related data was collected from a large-scale survey of 100,956 respondents across 37 countries that including web-based and face-to-face surveys covering all regions/provinces/states of 37 countries in 2017. Data regarding population density, hospital beds numbers, and population age 65 or older, was retrieved from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Data on country lockdown was obtained from the website “National responses to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic”. Linear regressions were applied to identify the relationship between social capital and Covid-19 deaths. Results: We found that Covid-19 deaths are associated with social capital both positively and negatively. Community attachment and social trust were associated with more Covid-19 deaths and family bond and security were associated with less deaths. Covid-19 deaths were positively associated with population density, aging population, and interactions between four dimensions of social capital related factors and aging population. Furthermore, number of hospital beds and early lockdown policy were negatively associated with Covid-19 deaths. Conclusions: The results indicate that the role of social capital on dynamically evolving threats such as the current Covid-19 pandemic does not always negatively or positively. Therefore, countries require changes of behavior of people to response Covid-19 threat.

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