Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Evaluation of Therapies Association in Experimentally Infected Mice With Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis

Introduction: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania that affects the skin and mucous membrane. Currently, the available drugs for the treatment are injectable, with side effects, long-term treatment regimen and there is the possibility of drug resistance. Thus, alternative therapies have been tested, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). We evaluated the efficacy of PDT on its own and associated with the prescribed ATL treatment. Methods: BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and divided into 6 groups: Gluc+PDT, treated with Glucantime® and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB)/red LED (light-emitting diode); Gluc, treated with Glucantime®; PDT, treated with PDT with MB/red LED; Ampho+PDT, treated with amphotericin and PDT with MB/red LED; Ampho, treated with amphotericin; and control, which were infected but not treated. Two treatment cycles were performed. After 165 days of infection, the parasite load was determined. Results: Statistical differences were not found (P>0.05) between measures of volume and thickness of the infected footpads in the treated groups when compared with the control group. However, there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the parasitic load of the popliteal lymph nodes of the Gluc+PDT, Gluc, PDT and Ampho groups when compared to the control group. In the histological analysis of the infected footpads, the Gluc+PDT group presented a smaller amount of amastigote nests and lower intensity of the mononuclear infiltrate when compared to the Gluc and PDT groups. Conclusion: The results showed that although there is no significant difference in the evaluations of footpad size (thickness and volume), there is a downward measurement tendency in the Gluc+PDT group, as it can be observed by volume data and corroborated by parasite negative load.

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Administration of ziprasidone for 10 days increases cocaine toxicity in mice

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327108095471 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 499-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K Heard ◽

S Krier ◽

NR Zahniser

Keyword(s):

Atypical Antipsychotic ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽

Control Group ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Survival ◽

Cocaine Toxicity

Long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications alters the regional density of several of the neurotransmitter receptors that mediate cocaine toxicity. However, the effect of either up- or down-regulation of the neurotransmitter receptors on cocaine toxicity is unknown. In this study, we determined if subacute administration of the atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone altered the toxic effects of cocaine in mice. Ziprasidone (4 mg/kg) or placebo was administered to the first two groups of CF-1 mice for 10 days and, then on day 10, an estimated LD50 dose of cocaine (102 mg/kg) was given to these mice. In a third group, in order to produce a ziprasidone withdrawal state, we administered ziprasidone for 10 days, followed by no treatment for 2 days before cocaine administration. There was no significant difference among the three groups in overall survival: 63% in the treatment group, 60% in the withdrawal group, and 80% in the placebo group. Survival time was significantly shorter for the withdrawal group than for the control group. Our study may have been limited by lower than expected serum ziprasidone concentrations and lower than expected lethality from cocaine. However, our findings suggest that administration of an atypical antipsychotic for 10 days may increase the toxic effects of cocaine.

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Evaluation of the bond strength of orthodontic brackets and the degree of polymerisation and microhardness of an orthodontic adhesive using polyvawe light curing unit and varying light densities

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2020.v23i4.2044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 9p

Author(s):

Nuri Mert Topbasi ◽

Yasin Atakan Benkli

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Control Group ◽

Bond Failure ◽

Adhesive Resin ◽

Mean Values ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Light Curing

Objective: This study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) and Vickers micro-hardness (VHN) of the orthodontic adhesive resin Transbond XT using thermocycled samples. The study also measures the degree of cure by poliwave light curing unit Valo. Materials and Methods: 135 brackets were bonded for the SBS test, and 90 disc-shaped orthodontic adhesive resins were prepared for the VHN test. The measurements were taken either immediately or after 500 or 10.0000 thermocycling. The SBS and VHN test data were statistically evaluated using a Two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured by FTIR. Results: The 10-sec polymerized control group (57.08) and the 10.000 termocycled samples (55.96) had the highest VHN scores. On the other hand, the 3 second polymerized and the 10.000 termocycled samples (39.22) had the lowest VHN scores. There was no significant difference in the bracket SBS values between the termocycled and immediate groups. An evaluation of the bond failure surfaces revealed that the ARI scores did not differ between the immediate and the thermo-cycled groups according to the power modes. The FTIR results revealed that the lowest DC was seen in the 3 second light-cured sample. Conclusion: Transbond XT provided sufficient bonding in terms of microhardness and DC under in vitro bracket bonding conditions after 10 and 8 seconds of Poliwave LED curing. However, low mean values were seen in the groups that received Poliwave LED curing for only 3 seconds. KEYWORDSARI score; FTIR; Light-Emitting Diode; Orthodontics; Thermocycling.

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Does caffeine reduce methotrexate intolerance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s43166-020-00028-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatma H. EL Nouby ◽

Nihal Ahmed Fathi ◽

Amal Abdelaziz Fehr ◽

Abdel-Azim Assi ◽

Reem Mahmoud Lotfy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Effects ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Complete Relief ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A

Abstract Background Intolerance to MTX is the most common cause of non-compliance that leads to poor disease control. Treatment is usually discontinued due to intolerance which interferes with compliance of the patient to long-term treatment. Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine receptors (ARs). Our aim was to investigate the effect of caffeine intake on reducing symptoms of MTX intolerance in patients with RA. Methods Ninety patients were diagnosed as RA with MTX intolerance divided into 2 groups. Sixty patients were prescribed caffeine or dark chocolate. Control group included 30 patients who will continue MTX regimen without addition of any extra caffeine. Results Group A (caffeine group): There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls at the start of the study. There was statistically significant decrease in methotrexate intolerance severity score (MISS) all over the study period (P = 0.001), and also MISS was statistically significantly lower in each follow-up time when compared with time 0 (P = 0.001). Group B (control group): There was statistically significant increase in MISS all over the study period (P = 0.017); also, MISS was statistically significantly higher in follow-up time 2 and time 3 when compared with time 0 (P = 0.033). We found that after 3 months, 80% of group A patients showed complete relief, 6.7% showed partial relief, 10% showed minimal relief, and 3.3% got worse. Conclusion Adding caffeine to management regimen can reduce the symptoms of MTX intolerance in RA patients. Caffeine relieved the symptoms of MTX intolerance in 80% of RA patients after 3 months of adding caffeine to management regimen.

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Effect of Light-Emitting Diode Phototherapy on Allograft Bone After Open Sinus Lift Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Concurrent Parallel)

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.34172/jlms.2021.16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e16-e16

Author(s):

Mahnaz Arshad ◽

Zahra Ghanavati ◽

Pouyan Aminishakib ◽

Kamran Rasouli ◽

Gholamreza Shirani

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Low Level Laser Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Sinus Lift ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Led Phototherapy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

Introduction: Phototherapy with a light-emitting diode (LED) is used in medicine due to its potential bio-stimulatory effects on the human body. However, controversy still exists regarding the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and phototherapy with LED. This in vivo study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the newly formed bone following LED phototherapy of the human maxillary sinuses. Methods: This randomized clinical trial (concurrent parallel) was conducted on 44 patients in two groups (n=22) at the Implant Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Randomization was done by a random sequence generator program. The inclusion criteria were absence of chronic sinusitis and chronic bone marrow conditions, no history of surgery at the site, absence of diabetes mellitus, no history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, maxillary premolar edentulism, and signing informed consent forms. Group A underwent LED phototherapy with 620 ± 2 nm wavelength for 20 minutes daily for a total of 21 days after sinus lift surgery. Group B served as the control group and did not receive phototherapy. After 6 months, the grafted sites were re-opened for implant placement, and bone biopsy samples were obtained using a trephine bur. The samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and inspected under a light microscope. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Both the surgeon and pathologist were blinded to the group allocation of patients. Results: Forty tissue specimens were analyzed. Insignificant differences existed between the two groups in terms of the degree of inflammation, bone quality, and maturity of collagen. Histological analyses revealed no significant difference in the mineralized areas of bone between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that LED phototherapy cannot significantly enhance osteogenesis after sinus lift surgery. No side effects were observed in the experimental group.

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Application of Teeth Whitening LED for Prevention of Dental Caries : Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Approach

THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY ◽

10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.1.70 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

Choa Park ◽

Howon Park ◽

Juhyun Lee ◽

Hyunwoo Seo ◽

Siyoung Lee

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Control Group ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Group Dynamic ◽

Light Emitting

The present study is aimed to assess the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm through teeth whitening light emitting diode (LED). Planktonic and dynamic biofilm state cultures of S. mutans were used. Erythrosine 20 μM/L was used as the photosensitizer. Irradiation was performed by exposing cultures to clinic and homecare whitening LEDs for 15 minutes. The viability was measured through Colony Forming Unit counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy. aPDT using whitening LEDs and erythrosine significantly decreased the CFU count of S. mutans compared to that in the control group. Dynamic biofilm group showed more resistant features to aPDT compared with planktonic state. Clinic and homecare whitening LED device showed similar antimicrobial effect. The whitening LED, which could irradiate the entire oral arch, showed a significant photodynamic effect on cariogenic S. mutans biofilm. aPDT mediated by erythrosine and LEDs used for teeth whitening exhibited promising antimicrobial activity.

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In vivo killing of Staphylococcus aureus by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in an animal model wounds

ConScientiae Saúde ◽

10.5585/conssaude.v7i4.1415 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 423-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo de Tarso Camillo De Carvalho ◽

Filipe Abdalla dos Reis ◽

Ana Carulina Guimarães Belchior ◽

Baldomero Antônio Kato da Silva ◽

Daniel Martins Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Animal Model ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Toluidine Blue ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

The aims of this study were to determine whether S. aureus could be killed by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vivo in an animal model. Twelve Wistar rats divided into three groups (n = 12): Group I: Control Group, the wounds were made and submitted to the application of the laser without the drug photosensitizing; Group II: The implementation of wounds received the toluidine blue, without application of laser; Group III: it was used toluidine blue, and application of laser-Indio phosphide Gallium-Aluminum (InGaAIP)  660nm power and density of 20 Joules/cm2. Statistical analysis of CFU by analysis of variance Kruskal-Wallis test shows significant intraoperative difference, photodynamic therapy group (p 0, 05), the Dunns post hoc test shows significant difference between Group I when compared to Group II treated with LLLT (p 0001). The results of this study show that photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue has reduced the number of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo.

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The Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Laser Applications on Dental Implant Surfaces Contaminated with Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12132073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 2073 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adel S. Alagl ◽

Marwa Madi ◽

Sumit Bedi ◽

Faisal Al Onaizan ◽

Zainab S. Al-Aql

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surface Decontamination

Treatment of peri-implantitis through several implant surface decontamination techniques have been reported, however, some of them can negatively alter the implant surface or enhance more bacterial resistance. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate implant surface decontamination by means of Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers. Fifty micro-textured (MTX) dental implants were contaminated with Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25) and with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 25). All implants were then divided into five groups for the decontamination procedure. In group I (GI), decontamination was done with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm), while in group II (GII) decontamination was performed using photodynamic therapy (a 650 nm diode laser). In Group III (GIII) decontamination was performed with photodynamic therapy (an 808 nm diode laser), and in group IV (GIV) decontamination was performed with 0.12% chlorhexidine. Group V (GV) was the control group with no decontamination. After decontamination, colony forming units (CFU) were counted and implants were prepared for SEM analysis. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed for GI compared to the other groups, and also for GIV compared to both GII and GIII. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser (GI) showed the best results in decontaminating the implant surface. Chlorhexidine (GIV), proved to be better in decontaminating the implant surface than photodynamic therapy GII and diode laser GIII. No significant difference was found between group GII and GIII. The SEM analysis showed no significant change in the implant surface topography. The results of this study suggest that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be considered as an effective technique for reducing bacteria contamination on implant surfaces.

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Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis Population Structure and Its Clinical Implication in a Region of Endemicity for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.72.1.508-514.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 508-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

A. Schriefer ◽

A. L. F. Schriefer ◽

A. Góes-Neto ◽

L. H. Guimarães ◽

L. P. Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Disease Manifestation ◽

Disease Spectrum ◽

Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Global Positioning ◽

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

Strain Polymorphism

ABSTRACT In Corte de Pedra (CP), northeastern Brazil, Leishmania braziliensis causes three distinct forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). To test the hypothesis that strain polymorphism may be involved in this disease spectrum and accurately characterize the parasite population structure in CP, we compared one L. major, two non-CP L. braziliensis, one CP L. amazonensis, and 45 CP L. braziliensis isolates, obtained over a 10-year period from localized cutaneous, mucosal, and disseminated leishmaniasis patients, with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Electrophoretic profiles were mostly unique across species. All typing protocols revealed polymorphism among the 45 CP L. braziliensis isolates, which displayed eight different RAPD patterns and greater than 80% overall fingerprint identity, attesting to the adequacy of the tools to assess strain variability in CP's geographically limited population of parasites. The dendrogram based on the sum of RAPD profiles of each isolate unveiled nine discrete typing units clustered into five clades. Global positioning showed extensive overlap of these clades in CP, precluding geographic sequestration as the mechanism of the observed structuralization. Finally, all forms of ATL presented a statistically significant difference in their frequencies among the clades, suggesting that L. braziliensis genotypes may be accompanied by specific disease manifestation after infection.

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STMO-21 The Outcome of tumor resection followed by photodynamic therapy for recurrent glioblastoma

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdab159.053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi14-vi14

Author(s):

Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽

Masayuki Nitta ◽

Kazuhide Shimizu ◽

Taiichi Saito ◽

Takashi Maruyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽

Control Group ◽

Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Talaporfin Sodium ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Recurrent glioblastoma remains a clinical problem with no standard treatment and quite a few effective treatment options. We evaluated the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium (TS) as a treatment for recurrent glioblastoma in a retrospective analysis of 70 patients who underwent PDT with surgery (PDT group) between 2014 and 2018, and 38 patients who underwent surgery alone (control group) during the same period. The median overall survival (OS) of the PDT and control groups were 16.03 and 12.75 months, respectively (P=0.0311). The median progression-free survival (PFS) of these two groups were 5.67 and 2.2 months, respectively (P=0.00428). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed PDT with surgery and preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale as significant independent prognostic factors for both PFS and OS.On the other hand, IDH mutation and previous pathology before recurrence were not significant prognostic factors in this study. In the PDT group, there was no significant difference in PFS and OS between patients with GBM from the previous pathology before recurrence and those with malignant transformation to GBM from lower-grade glioma. Furthermore, there was also no significant difference in TS accumulation in the tumor between these two groups. These results suggest that additional PDT treatment for recurrent glioblastoma can have potential survival benefits and that its efficacy is independent of the pathology before recurrence or IDH status.

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Effectiveness of light-emitting diode exposure on photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis: in vitro study

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i2.p71-75 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Nanik Zubaidah ◽

Agus Subiwahjudi ◽

Dinda Dewi Artini ◽

Karina Erda Saninggar

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Irrigation ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background: A successful root canal treatment eliminates pathogenic bacteria from infected root canals. The most common bacteria in root canal infections is Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), due to its resistance to medicament and root canal irrigation. A photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of root canal disinfection that uses a combination of photosensitisers and light activation to eliminate bacteria in the root canal. The duration of the PDT irradiation results in the production of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate the E. faecalis bacteria. Purpose: To analyse the differences in the duration exposure of photodynamic therapy against the E. faecalis bacteria. Methods: The E. faecalis bacteria culture was divided into seven eppendorf tubes. Group I was a control group, and group II, III, IV, V, VI and VII were treated using PDT consisting of Toluidine Blue O (TBO) photosensitiser and light source irradiation for ten, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds, respectively. After incubation, the number of bacteria was calculated by the Quebec Colony Counter and analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney test (p <0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between the number of E. faecalis bacteria colonies in each treatment group (p <0.05). Group VI and VII, which had a longer exposure to PDT, showed a smaller amount of E. faecalis bacteria. Conclusion: The longer exposure of PDT results in a smaller amount of E. faecalis bacteria. The light irradiation of 50 seconds is the most effective to eliminate E. faecalis bacteria.

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