Void-Induced Swelling and Embrittlement in the Russian EI-847 Stainless Steel at PWR-Relevant End-of-Life Conditions

2008 ◽  
pp. 874-874-10
Author(s):  
FA Garner ◽  
SI Porollo ◽  
AN Vorobjev ◽  
YV Konobeev ◽  
AM Dvoriashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Life Conditions

Investigation of battery end-of-life conditions for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 196 (11) ◽  
pp. 5147-5154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Wood ◽  
Marcus Alexander ◽  
Thomas H. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Managing pain in common end-of-life conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Malik ◽  
Suzen Gregersen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Treated Condition

Pain is an under-recognised, under-diagnosed and under-treated condition in animals. Chronic pain is a significant welfare concern in our fifth life stage (or end-of-life) veterinary patients. This article aims to look at three common conditions that can adversely affect end-of-life patients: osteoarthritis, dental disease, and cancer. It will then look at how the pain in these conditions can be effectively addressed and managed.

Thermal Aging and Neutron Embrittlement Evaluation of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardayal S. Mehta ◽  
Brian D. Frew ◽  
Ronald M. Horn ◽  
Fred Hua ◽  
Sampath Ranganath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
Renewal Period ◽  
License Renewal

NUREG-1801, Rev. 1, Section XI.M.13, states that an ASME Code Section XI VT-3 examination is required to be performed of reactor internal components. In addition, the NUREG report specifies that for the license renewal period, these inspections shall be augmented by an aging management program to assess the synergistic effects of thermal aging and neutron embittlement of cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) components. This aging management program consists of (a) identifying susceptible components; and (b) either performing additional inspections of these components, or performing a component-specific evaluation to confirm that the stresses in the components are sufficiently low such that augmented inspections are not warranted. This paper presents the results of evaluations conducted to assess the potential synergistic effects of thermal aging and neutron embrittlement of CASS components in BWR internals and recommend augmented inspections if needed. The evaluation shows that all the BWR CASS components have ferrite levels below the level for which aging embrittlement is a concern. Furthermore, for the Control Rod Guide Tube Base and Core Spray Sparger Nozzle Elbows, the end of life fluence is less than the threshold value for toughness loss. The end-of-life fluence levels for the orificed fuel support, the jet pump assembly castings and the Low Pressure Core Injecion (LPCI) Couplings exceed the threshold, but the toughness data for irradiated austenitic stainless steel show that these components will have sufficient fracture toughness at end of the license renewal period so that augmented inspection is not required. It is concluded that augmented inspections are not required for the BWR CASS internals.

Environmental performance of collection boxes for end of life mobile phones

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 851-859
Author(s):  
Markéta Šerešová ◽  
Miloš Polák ◽  
Vladimír Kočí
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Managing waste electrical and electronic equipment is currently one of the top priority challenges of waste management in the European Union. The collection and subsequent processing of waste electrical and electronic equipment are realized by means of the so-called collective systems that employ collection boxes varying in size and materials used for their production. This study focuses on quantifying and comparing environmental impacts of often-used collection boxes on the example of mobile phone collection. The comparison was based on volume (20 l, 60 l, and 70 l) and on the material used for the construction of the box (polypropylene, corrugated cardboard, and stainless steel). Other parameters, such as lifetime, material and energy performance for production, end of life stage, and waste generation were taken in account. The evaluation was carried out using the method of life cycle assessment with the characterization model CML 2001 created in GaBi 8. The goal of the study was to identify the box with the smallest environmental impact and to identify the hotspots in the life cycles of the individual collection boxes. The results of the study show that polypropylene boxes are the most environmentally suitable for collecting small waste electrical and electronic equipment as they produce the lowest environmental impacts in all of the impact categories evaluated, while boxes made of stainless steel have been found to represent the least environmentally friendly option. The results of the study provide and suggest to the collective system basic data for choosing the type of collection box.

NiAl precipitation in Fe-12w/o Cr-5w/o Ni-4w/o Al

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
J.S. Dunning ◽  
S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optical Metallography ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Aluminum additions to conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel compositions impart excellent resistance to high sulfur environments. However, problems are typically encountered with aluminum additions above about 1% due to embrittlement caused by aluminum in solid solution and the precipitation of NiAl. Consequently, little use has been made of aluminum alloy additions to stainless steels for use in sulfur or H2S environments in the chemical industry, energy conversion or generation, and mineral processing, for example.A research program at the Albany Research Center has concentrated on the development of a wrought alloy composition with as low a chromium content as possible, with the idea of developing a low-chromium substitute for 310 stainless steel (25Cr-20Ni) which is often used in high-sulfur environments. On the basis of workability and microstructural studies involving optical metallography on 100g button ingots soaked at 700°C and air-cooled, a low-alloy composition Fe-12Cr-5Ni-4Al (in wt %) was selected for scale up and property evaluation.

Comparison of Recovery and Recrystallization in Stainless Steel Following Plane-Wave Shock Loading and Explosive Forming

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 428-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Korbonski ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Shock Pressure ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Explosive Forming

Comparison of recovery rates in materials deformed by a unidimensional and two dimensional strains at strain rates in excess of 104 sec.−1 was performed on AISI 304 Stainless Steel. A number of unidirectionally strained foil samples were deformed by shock waves at graduated pressure levels as described by Murr and Grace. The two dimensionally strained foil samples were obtained from radially expanded cylinders by a constant shock pressure pulse and graduated strain as described by Foitz, et al.

Some aspects of the defect structure in an austenitic stainless steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
R. Gonzalez ◽  
L. Bru
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Total Strain Amplitude ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Density Of Dislocations ◽  
Planar Arrays ◽  
Stacking Fault Tetrahedra ◽  
Distribution Of Dislocations ◽  
Very High

The analysis of stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) in fatigued metals (1,2) is somewhat complicated, due partly to their relatively low density, but principally to the presence of a very high density of dislocations which hides them. In order to overcome this second difficulty, we have used in this work an austenitic stainless steel that deforms in a planar mode and, as expected, examination of the substructure revealed planar arrays of dislocation dipoles rather than the cellular structures which appear both in single and polycrystals of cyclically deformed copper and silver. This more uniform distribution of dislocations allows a better identification of the SFT.The samples were fatigue deformed at the constant total strain amplitude Δε = 0.025 for 5 cycles at three temperatures: 85, 293 and 773 K. One of the samples was tensile strained with a total deformation of 3.5%.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

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