scholarly journals Poland and New Trends in Central European Regional Configuration

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Maria Rusakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
European Regional

The article examines Warsaw's attempts to expand its influence in Central Europe by initiating various regional integration projects: cooperation with the Baltic sea countries participation in the development of the Carpathian region the newest format – the Lublin Triangle. The content of the Lublin Declaration signed on July 28, 2020 by Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine is analyzed in detail. Having been convinced by the example of Ukraine that the Eastern Partnership policy does not allow for quick results, as well as in connection with the events in Belarus, Poland decided to create a regional initiative that can be considered as a continuation of the Eastern Partnership policy. The Lublin Declaration opens up a wide range of potential areas of cooperation, however it is still too early to say how successful this project will be. Initially it was planned that Belarus would also join the Lublin Initiative, but later Minsk refused to participate. This seriously limited the project, but does not exclude the possibility of future innovations in its format. The author concludes that the Lublin Triangle is one of the Warsaw's instruments to realize the idea of Intermarium

scholarly journals Looking for an Offshore Low-Level Jet Champion among Recent Reanalyses: A Tight Race over the Baltic Sea

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Christoffer Hallgren ◽  
Johan Arnqvist ◽  
Stefan Ivanell ◽  
Heiner Körnich ◽  
Ville Vakkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Level Jets ◽  
The Baltic

With an increasing interest in offshore wind energy, focus has been directed towards large semi-enclosed basins such as the Baltic Sea as potential sites to set up wind turbines. The meteorology of this inland sea in particular is strongly affected by the surrounding land, creating mesoscale conditions that are important to take into consideration when planning for new wind farms. This paper presents a comparison between data from four state-of-the-art reanalyses (MERRA2, ERA5, UERRA, NEWA) and observations from LiDAR. The comparison is made for four sites in the Baltic Sea with wind profiles up to 300 m. The findings provide insight into the accuracy of reanalyses for wind resource assessment. In general, the reanalyses underestimate the average wind speed. The average shear is too low in NEWA, while ERA5 and UERRA predominantly overestimate the shear. MERRA2 suffers from insufficient vertical resolution, which limits its usefulness in evaluating the wind profile. It is also shown that low-level jets, a very frequent mesoscale phenomenon in the Baltic Sea during late spring, can appear in a wide range of wind speeds. The observed frequency of low-level jets is best captured by UERRA. In terms of general wind characteristics, ERA5, UERRA, and NEWA are similar, and the best choice depends on the application.

scholarly journals The Use of Satellite Data in the Operational 3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea (3D Cembs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Nowicki ◽  
Maciej Janecki ◽  
Mirosław Darecki ◽  
Piotr Piotrowski ◽  
Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Automatic Monitoring System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present an automatic monitoring system for the 3D CEMBS model in the operational version. This predictive, eco hydrodynamic model is used as a tool to control the conditions and bio productivity of the Baltic sea environment and to forecast physical and ecological changes in the studied basin. Satellite-measured data assimilation is used to constrain the model and achieve higher accuracy of its results. 3D CEMBS is a version of the Community Earth System Model, adapted for the Baltic Sea. It consists of coupled ocean and ice models, working in active mode together with the ecosystem module. Atmospheric forecast from the UM model (Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of the Warsaw University) are used as a forcing fields feed through atmospheric data model. In addition, river inflow of freshwater and nutrient deposition from 71 main rivers is processed by land model. At present, satellite data from AQUA MODIS, processed by the SatBałtyk project Operational System are used for the assimilation of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration. In the operational mode, 48-hour forecasts are produced at six-hour intervals, providing a wide range of hydrodynamic and biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Storm surges in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Zakharchuk ◽  
◽  
Vladimir N. Sukhachev ◽  
Natal'ia A. Tikhonova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

The characteristics of storm surges in different regions of the Gulf of Finland in the second half of the XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries were investigated on the basis of tide gauge measurements of sea level, instrumental observations of the wind and data from the reanalysis of meteorological fields. A criterion for identifying storm surges, taking into account spatial changes in their intensity, is proposed. The results indicate that depending on the year and the location of the station, the number of storm surges varies in the Gulf of Finland in a wide range: from 0 - 1 to 16 - 52 cases per year. The average duration of storm surges varies from 6.7 to 9.0 hours, and the maximum reaches 26 to 96 hours. Shown that in recent decades, in most regions, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the number of storm surges, their dispersion and sea level maximum. The distributions of the probabilities of wind and atmospheric pressure during storm surges are given. Estimates of two-dimensional probability densities indicate that during storm surges, winds blowing from the west and southwest with speeds of 4-13 m / s are most likely. At the northern coast and at the top of the bay, the most probable values of atmospheric pressure during storm surges are 995 hPa. On the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, atmospheric pressure values of 1005 - 1015 hPa are most likely. The results obtained indicate that the atmospheric pressure over the Gulf of Finland during storm surges is not very low. This is due to the fact that the trajectories of the centers of cyclones causing storm surges pass north of the Gulf of Finland. Analysis of meteorological information also showed the presence of significant negative trends in interannual variations in the dispersion of the horizontal atmospheric pressure gradient, average values and maximums of wind speed. It is concluded that the revealed changes in the characteristics of storm surges are associated with a decrease in the intensity of cyclogenesis in the atmosphere over the Baltic Sea in recent decades.

scholarly journals Baltic Sea regional integration: water protection, university co-operation – and agriculture?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Stefan Ewert
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Functionalist Approach

Research on Baltic Sea region building processes emphasizes the discursive elements of the emergence of the region in the beginning of the 1990s, yet lacks the analysis of policy-specific developments of regional integration around the Baltic Sea. My article argues that the neo-functionalist approach opens useful insights in order to understand these developments. Starting from marine environment protection as a nucleus of regional integration, I demonstrate spill-over effects to the field of education policy and higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region. Following this, I analyze why there are no spill-over effects to the adjacent policy area of agriculture up to now.

Long-term changes in the frequency of cyclones and their trajectories in Central and Northern Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mait Sepp ◽  
Piia Post ◽  
Jaak Jaagus
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
European Sector

Changes in the number of cyclones and cyclone trajectories in Central and Northern Europe during 1948–2000 are analysed using a database of cyclones. Two hypotheses are advanced. Firstly, the number of cyclones reaching Northern Europe has increased, causing a transition to a more maritime climate. Secondly, the trajectories of cyclones have moved northward, causing the advection of warm and moist air to Northern Europe and decreasing precipitation in Central Europe. These advances were confirmed by data analysis. A linear trend and its statistical significance (P<0.05) for the frequency of cyclones in the Atlantic–European sector (30°W–45°E, 35–75°N) were calculated. Circles with radii of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 km with centre coordinates 60°N and 22.5°E were generated. All the cyclones whose centres were located within these circles were counted. Also two meridians −5°E and 20°E – were selected and all the cyclones were counted whose centres crossed the meridians from west to east in the interval of 45–75°N. Changes in the frequency of long-term cyclones were analysed. The number of cyclones reaching Northern Europe has increased in the period 1948–2000. The number of cyclones over the Baltic Sea has increased, especially in the winter. In Central Europe, the number of cyclones has decreased, especially in the warm half-year. The number of long cyclones has increased over the Baltic Sea, especially in the cold half-year.

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