scholarly journals Evaluation of fluoride releasing and recharging of orthodontic adhesive resins: An in vitro study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Sava Bakhtyar ◽  
Bayan Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Background and objective: Development of white spot lesions to be a well-recognized and common side effect of orthodontic fixed appliance, in spite of vast improvement in preventive dental techniques and procedures. The aim of this study is to determine and compare amount of fluoride releasing and recharging of orthodontic adhesive resins. Materials and methods: 12 specimens for fluoride releasing and recharging were used for each tested materials, materials tested for fluoride releasing were Transbond plus color change and Resilience (fluoridated ortho-adhesive resin). Fluoride releasing was estimated daily for 14 days, then weekly up to 28 days, then at day 42, 70 days. For fluoride recharging in addition to above materials Transbond XT (non- fluoridated ortho-adhesive resin) were used as a control group. The 12 specimens of each material were divided into two equal subgroups to simulate two different methods of fluoride application, namely, brushing with fluoride-containing toothpaste and after the topical application of fluoride gel. Fluoride releasing was measured at days 1,2,3,7 for gel application while for brushing group releasing of fluoride was measured at 7 days. Results: Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. During tested period all materials showed statically different capacity to release and uptake fluoride. Transbond plus color change was highest ability for fluoride releasing and recharging when compared to others materials. Conclusion: Transbond plus color change and Resilience, showed fluoride release in distal de-ionized water. For fluoride recharging Transbond plus color change had more ability for re-charging than two other materials. Keywords: Fluoride release, fluoride recharge, ortho-adhesive resin.

scholarly journals Influence of Thymoquinone Exposure on the Micro-Hardness of Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Farooq ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Intisar Ahmad Siddiqui ◽  
Khalifa S. Al-Khalifa ◽  
Mohammed Al-Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess changes in micro-hardness level of enamel after it was exposed to thymoquinone (TQ). Materials and Methods Sixteen enamel blocks were prepared and divided into two groups (each group received eight blocks, n = 8); Gp 1 (control): enamel blocks kept in 100 mL artificial saliva (AS) for 24 hours and Gp 2: enamel blocks kept in a mixture of TQ powder (1 g) and AS (100 mL) for 24 hours. Post-immersion they were subjected to simulated brushing with each sample receiving 8,000 linear strokes. For brushing, 3 mL of AS and TQ oil was used for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Enamel surfaces were analyzed for changes in values of surface micro-hardness (pre-immersion, post-immersion, and post-brushing) by obtaining Vickers hardness number (VHN). Results The present study indicated improvement in micro-hardness levels for both groups although experimental group showed more enhancement. The mean baseline VHN for control group was 498.6, 500.4 for post-immersion, and 503.5 for post-brushing. The mean baseline VHN for experimental group was 448.7, 531 for post-immersion, and 610.3 for post-brushing. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed when post-brushing VHN values of both groups were compared and also within the experimental group when post-brushing values were compared with baseline values. Statistical Analysis Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for the evaluation of pre- and post-exposure hardness values. Level of significance was ≤0.05. Conclusion The exposure of enamel to TQ led to an improvement in its micro-hardness levels. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of TQ on human tissues.

Evaluation of physical and adhesive properties of enamel after a therapeutic dose of radiation and bonding of orthodontic metal brackets: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Anushree ◽  
Ashutosh Shetty ◽  
Crystal Runa Soans ◽  
M. N. Kuttappa ◽  
Akhil Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and adhesive properties of bonded irradiated and non-irradiated teeth. Methods: Sixty-six extracted premolar samples were randomly divided into three groups—(a) Control group consisting of 22 non-irradiated, non-aged teeth (Group 1), (b) 22 non-irradiated, aged samples (Group 2) and (c) 22 irradiated, aged samples (Group 3). Irradiation was done using gamma irradiation with a fractionated dose of 60 Gy for 5 consecutive days per week over 6 weeks. Metal brackets were bonded on all samples with light cure adhesive and subjected to SBS test using universal testing machine. The samples were assessed under the scanning electron microscope to check for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and tag depth. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean SBS of the irradiated samples compared to the non-irradiated teeth. The non-irradiated, aged samples showed a majority of ARI scoring 1 and 2. Whereas, the irradiated samples showed ARI scoring 2 and 3. Approximately, 77·3% of the non-irradiated samples showed no adhesive present on the tooth surface, and 27·2% of the irradiated samples had more than 50% adhesive present on the enamel surface. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant decrease in SBS of irradiated enamel compared to that of non-irradiated teeth. However, the SBS observed in the three groups was well above the ideal SBS for orthodontic bonding, that is, 5·6–6·8 MPa. The adhesive remnant was found on all samples of the irradiated group. Deeper adhesive resin tags were found in the irradiated group in the resin–enamel interface.

scholarly journals Enamel Surface Roughness after Lingual Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4196
Author(s):  
Martina Eichenberger ◽  
Anna Iliadi ◽  
Despina Koletsi ◽  
George Eliades ◽  
Carlalberta Verna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Fine Diamond ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Lingual Brackets

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (with fine diamond) and polishing (with 12- and 20-fluted carbide burs). The roughness parameters tested were the amplitude parameters Sa and Sz, the hybrid parameter Sdr, and the functional parameters Sc and Sv. The parameter differences (after debonding-reference) were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed via a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistically significantly higher values were observed in all the surface roughness parameters of enamel surfaces after finishing and polishing, with the mostly affected parameter being the Sdr. Under the conditions of the present study, the finishing and polishing instruments used after debonding of lingual noncustomized brackets created a surface texture rougher than the control in all the tested roughness parameters.

scholarly journals Tooth and temporary filling material fractures caused by Cavit, Cavit W and Coltosol F: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedram Djouiai ◽  
Thomas Gerhard Wolf
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Temporary Filling ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background Tooth fractures can occur after temporary inter-appointment endodontic filling, resulting in not preserving and thus extraction of the affected tooth. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to evaluate the tooth substance fracture potential given by the expansion of endodontic temporary filling materials. Methods Tooth and access cavities were prepared in 80 mandibular molars. Four groups of 20 teeth each (Cavit, Cavit W and Coltosol F and control) were included. To simulate a clinical situation, the teeth were endodontically pre-treated and a calcium hydroxide dressing was placed. The cavities were filled with the corresponding temporary filling material, with exception of the control group, and kept submerged in distilled water for 15 days. The teeth were examined every 24 h by two calibrated observers under a stereomicroscope (7.5×), fractures of the temporary filling material and tooth structure were photo-documented, and the results statistically analyzed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were calculated to illustrate (survival = no fracture) probabilities to evaluate the time when the temporary filling material, tooth structure or both together occurred. Log-rank test was performed in order to assess significant differences between the materials and the subgroups used. Results Fractures were observed only in the Coltosol F group (p < 0.01), at the end of the observation period, a total of 13 teeth (65%) showed temporary filling material and eight teeth (40%) showed tooth structure fractures. No fractures in the pulp chamber area were observed at the end of the observation period in any group. Conclusions Within the limitations of the current in vitro study, the results obtained suggest that tooth structure fractures caused by a temporary filling material can occur during endodontic treatment, thus compromising the success of the treatment.

scholarly journals Fluoride Ion Release Characteristics of Fluoride-Containing Varnishes—An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Sachin Chhatwani ◽  
Jennifer Hoppe ◽  
Ella A. Naumova ◽  
Wolfgang H. Arnold ◽  
Stephan C. Möhlhenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
One Step

Despite the latest advances in orthodontic treatment, white spot lesions remain a common side effect of fixed appliance therapy. An effective treatment for the prevention of white spot lesions is the use of fluoride-containing products. The aim of the present in vitro study was to check the durability of the tested products for their fluoride release into the surrounding solution. Three varnishes (Protecto CaF2 Nano one-step seal, Bifluorid 12 single dose, and Fluor Protector S) were applied to hydroxyapatite discs and kept in diluted Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer III (TISAB III) solution for fluoride ion release measurement. A group of clear hydroxyapatite discs served as the control group. The carrier discs (N = 40) underwent three thermal cycling runs for 20 days. Before the first run and after each run, the fluoride ion concentration in the solution was measured at appointed times (T) T0, T1, T2, and T3. Fluoride ion release was highest at T1 for all products (median values for Protecto CaF2 Nano one-step seal: 0.09 ppm, Bifluorid 12 single dose: 37.67 ppm, and Fluor Protector S: 3.36 ppm) except for the control group, showing its peak at T0 (0.04 ppm). There was a significant difference between the tested fluoride varnishes at all measurement times. Bifluorid 12 achieved significantly higher fluoride release values than the other products (p < 0.05 at all measurement times). A solitary product application of only once or twice per year, as stated by the manufacturers, cannot be supported.

scholarly journals The Influence of Laboratory Scanner Versus Intra-Oral Scanner on Determining the Implant Axis by Using Three Different Scan Abutments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8543
Author(s):  
Asaf Shely ◽  
Shiri Livne ◽  
Gil Ben-Izhack ◽  
Michal Lokshin ◽  
Shahar Har-Nes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
3D Model ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
3D Software

Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the implant axis’ spatial position and orientation by using laboratory scanner versus intra-oral scanner with three different scan abutments. Methods: A 3D model was printed with an internal hex implant analog in the place of teeth 35#. Three standard scan abutments were used: MIS (two-piece titanium), AB (two-piece PEEK and titanium base) and ZZ (one-piece PEEK). Each scan abutment was scanned 30 times by TRIOS E3 (laboratory scanner) and 30 times by Omnicam (intra-oral scanner). For each scan, an STL (stereolithography) file was created, and the spatial characterization of each scan abutment was measured in the X, Y, Z coordinates, and rotational and longitudinal angles. The comparison between all the scans was conducted by superimposition of the STL files, using a 3D software. A t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. (p < 0.05) Results: Only the MIS scan abutment showed no statistical difference in the X and Z axes. (p < 0.05). All other scan abutments showed a statistical difference in all axes. The rotational angle of the AB scan abutment was twice the angle of the MIS and ZZ scan abutments. Conclusions: All three scan abutments showed a rotational deviation of the implant axis between the laboratory scanner and the intra-oral scanner. The AB scan abutment showed the greatest deviation (1.04 degrees) while the other two abutments showed deviations of about half a degree in relation to the laboratory scan abutment. There is a need for further studies which will examine the influence of geometry, material, and scan abutment parts on the accuracy of the scan obtained.

scholarly journals Evaluation of surface roughness and color change of bovine enamel after immersion in dye solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Trentino ◽  
Larissa Marinho Azevedo ◽  
Felipe Fabrício Farias Da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Carvalho de Almedra Freitas ◽  
Marina Studart Alencar Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Miller Test

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of dye solution on enamel color change after bleaching protocols and the effectiveness in maintaining the color of these agents.Material and Methods: The buccal surfaces of sixty-five bovine incisors were cleaned and polished, and the enamel specimens were divided into thirteen groups: G1 to G6: treated with 6% hydrogen peroxide using different surface agents; G7 to G12: treated with 15% hydrogen peroxide using different surface agents; G13: control. After 24 hours, the groups treated were immersed in black tea solution; the control group was stored in artificial saliva. The color was evaluated prior to bleaching, 24 hours later and after immersion in the dye solution; the roughness was measured immediately after bleaching, 24 hours later and 7 days after immersion in the dye solution. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Miller test for roughness analysis, and the Duncan test for color change analysis. It was used 5% significant level with p<0.05.Results: The data found in the evaluation of surface roughness after bleaching indicated a reduction of roughness in all the groups. The surface agent Bifluoride, when applied, showed an increase in roughness after its application and it decreases after immersion in dye solution; the surface agent Desensibilize and the XP Bond adhesive showed greater color alteration after immersion in dye solution.Conclusions: All the groups studied, under different whitening technique, were effective in promoting whitening.

scholarly journals Measurement of Tooth Wear by Means of Digital Impressions: An In-Vitro Evaluation of Three Intraoral Scanning Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5161
Author(s):  
Christina Kühne ◽  
Ulrich Lohbauer ◽  
Stefan Raith ◽  
Sven Reich
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Wear Facet ◽  
Wear Measurement ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

This in-vitro study aimed to investigate whether intraoral scanners (IOS) are suitable for wear measurement compared to optical profilometry (WLP). A zirconia cast representing the teeth (24–28) was fabricated. It was digitized six times using three different intraoral scanners, Cerec Omnicam AC (OC), Trios 3 (Tr3), and True Definition (TD). The scans were conducted at baseline (t0) and at three different stages of simulated wear (t1–t3), each at one wear-facet on FDI 26 and FDI 27. WLP was used as a reference method. Within each acquisition system, the maximum wear at each facet was analyzed by superimposing the STL data of t0 with t1–t3. A power analysis was performed (G*Power), and the Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test was used to evaluate whether there were statistically significant differences between the groups (Bonferroni corrected) (α = 0.05). At wear-facet FDI 27, differences from +4% t1 TD up to +19% t2 OC, corresponding to a metric value of 8 µm and 45 µm, were measured. At FDI 26 deviations between −2% t1 Tr3, and +10% OC and Tr3, were observed. Considering some limitations, the IOS are a promising alternative to wear measurement based on WLP due to its simple application to capture surface changes in a reasonable and quick way.

scholarly journals Composite Replacement of Amalgam Restoration Versus Freshly Cut Dentin: An In Vitro Microleakage Comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. E73-E82
Author(s):  
H Redwan ◽  
DN Bardwell ◽  
A Ali ◽  
M Finkelman ◽  
S Khayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Amalgam Restoration ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of the composite restorations when bonded to tooth structure previously restored with amalgam material compared with that of freshly cut dentin. Methods and Materials: Thirty intact, extracted intact human molars were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Class II box preparations were prepared on the occluso-proximal surfaces of each tooth (4-mm bucco-lingual width and 2-mm mesio-distal depth) with the gingival cavosurface margin 1 mm above the CEJ. Each cavity was then restored using high copper amalgam restoration (Disperalloy, Dentsply) and then thermocycled for 10,000 thermal cycles. Twenty-five of the amalgam restorations were then carefully removed and replaced with Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal (3M ESPE); the remaining five were used for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. A preparation of the same dimensions was performed on the opposite surface of the tooth and restored with composite resin and thermocycled for 5000 thermal cycles. Twenty samples were randomly selected for dye penetration testing using silver nitrate staining to detect the microleakage. The specimens were analyzed with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20×. All of the measurements were done in micrometers; two readings were taken for each cavity at the occlusal and proximal margins. Two measurements were taken using a 0-3 scale and the percentage measurements. Results: Corrosion products were not detected in either group (fresh cut dentin and teeth previously restored with amalgam). No statistically significant difference was found between the microleakage of the two groups using a 0-3 scale at the occlusal margins (McNemar test, p=0.727) or proximal margins (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.174). No significance difference was found between the two groups using the percentage measurements and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test at either the occlusal (p=0.675) or proximal (p=0.513) margins. However, marginal microleakage was statistically significant between the proximal and occlusal margins (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, no significant difference was found between the microleakage of nondiscolored dentin in teeth that were previously restored with amalgam compared with freshly cut dentin. However, marginal microleakage in the proximal surface was higher than that in the occlusal surface.

scholarly journals Effect of pigmenting agents on tooth enamel staining during immediate tooth whitening: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Luzimar CLAUDINO ◽  
João Victor Frazão CÂMARA ◽  
Osmar de AGOSTINHO NETO ◽  
Ericles Otávio SANTOS ◽  
Gisele Damiana da Silveira PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Mate Tea

Abstract Introduction Considering the increased search for esthetic procedures, questions emerge about the maintenance and regression of color, especially regarding the need to restrict dark foods during bleaching procedures or their influence on the stability and effectiveness of the treatment. Objective To assess the influence of staining agents on tooth enamel during immediate bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Material and method Sixty bovine teeth were divided into six groups (G) (n=10): G1: distilled water (control); G2: coffee; G3: cola soft drink; G4: wine; G5: mate tea; and G6: industrialized açaí. The samples were subjected to immediate bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide for 21 days (three applications of 15 minutes per session, every seven days) and pigment immersion between each session for 15 minutes. The color was assessed before starting bleaching and after 21 days, using a spectrophotometer. The data obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA and heteroscedasticity analysis by the Welch and Brown-Forsythe tests. The Tamhane test was used for group comparison. Result The color change was visible to the naked eye, considering the mean ΔE in all groups tested was higher than 3.7. However, there was no statistical difference between the control group and the groups assessed. Conclusion The contact of staining agents on bovine tooth enamel did not affect the final result of the immediate tooth bleaching.

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