Knowledgeof Dermatology Residents on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world leading to a global pandemic. As a result, all healthcare workers have been profoundly affected. Objectives: The goal of our study is to identify the level of knowledge and the effect of COVID-19 on dermatology residents. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in which 77 dermatology residents from three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Canada completed an online questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: one general information about the resident and three on knowledge, safety measures and impact of COVID-19, with a total of 26 questions. The questionnaire was scored out of 10 with those above the mean considered as having satisfactory knowledge. Results: The mean (SD) knowledge score was 6.25 (1.6). There was a statistically significant difference noted between the GCC countries and Canada in terms of the knowledge score (p-value=0.035). Only 14% of dermatology residents felt competent in managing COVID-19 patients. Seventy percent felt that the pandemic has negatively affected their dermatology training. Conclusion: Dermatology residents demonstrated a difference in knowledge score in relation to the geographic location of the program. Almost 46% of residents illustrated a satisfactory knowledge score about COVID-19. Only a small percentage of residents are confident in treating COVID-19 patients. Subsequently, the need for improved education of residents regarding COVID-19 before redeployment is warranted.

Download Full-text

A study of blood pressure in school children between the age of 6-12 years in Chennai, India: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174758 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2205

Author(s):

Madhivanan S. ◽

Harikrishnan E. ◽

Kumarasamy K.

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Economic Status ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Blood pressure measurements in childhood are an important clinical examination. Present study was done to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure (BP) in children aged 6-12 years and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height and weight criteria and comparing the values with the available standards.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in primary and middle schools of Chennai from January 2016 to May 2017. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender, socioeconomic status and anthropometry. Data was analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significantResults: A total of 2002 children (1026 boys, 976 girls) of age between 6-12 years were examined over 18 months. There was an upward trend in both systolic (r = 0.437, P<0.001) and diastolic BP (r = 0.386, P <0.001) with age. There was no statistically significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic BP with gender (P = 0.10), weight (P = 0.10) and height (P = 0.10). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean systolic and diastolic BP between low and high socio-economic groups (P <0.0001). The proportion of children with hypertension was 9.54% with a slight female preponderance.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. It shows a linear relationship with age and varies across socio-economic status. Periodic recording of BP would enable identify hypertension at an early age.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Knowledge and Perceptions about Pharmacovigilance Activities among Pharmacy Students in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v20i1.32082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Osemene Kanayo Patrick ◽

Afolabi Margaret Olubunmi

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Knowledge Domain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Studies on pharmacovigilance (PV) activities in Nigeria focused on perceptions of PV among professional healthcare workers are described here. There is paucity of information on pharmacy students knowledge about PV activities. Hence, this study, evaluated the knowledge and perceptions of final year pharmacy students about PV activities using descriptive and inferential statistics. A cross sectional study was undertaken in three Nigerian universities with a pretested questionnaire during the period of January and February, 2016. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions on demographic variables and questions designed to achieve the objectives of the study. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and presented in percentages, means, standard deviations and median at 50% percentile. The mean knowledge score of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reporting for the final year students was 4.25±0.18. There were significant differences in the mean scores of knowledge domain by age groups 21-24 years 4.8±0.70, 25-30 years 6.2 ± 0.84 and >30 years 4.6±0.72 at p=0.001; gender: male 4.1±1.20 and female 4.4±0.98 at (p=0.0001) as well as the current universities attended as follows University 1 with a scrore of 5.1±1.03, University 2 had a mean score of 6.3±0.99 at p=0.0120 and University 3 with a mean score of 4.3±1.01 at p=0.012. Furthermore, significant difference exist in the mean values of pharmacovigilance knowledge between those who had taking some courses in pharmacovigilance (7.3± 0.22) and those who did not (4.7 ± 0.13) at p=0.0001. Generally, the students had inadequate knowledge of PV activities. Therefore, emphasis on relevant PV courses in their curriculum is necessary.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 1-13, 2017

Download Full-text

Knowledge Attitude and Preventive Practices towards Infection by Severe Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2 among Residents of Kogi State during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i130793 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-46

Author(s):

Rabiu Ibrahim ◽

Zubair Ovavi Kabir ◽

Isah Adagiri Yahaya ◽

Ododo Benard Itopa ◽

Abdulsalam Yakubu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Measures ◽

Community Control ◽

P Value ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventive Practices

Background: Global spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic constitute a public health threat requiring strict infection prevention practice for every individual in the community. Control measures have been prescribed to check the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Whether populations in these communities adhere optimally to these control measures depends on a number of factors. This study aimed to assess health knowledge and attitude, and preventive practices regarding Infection by SARS-Cov-2 among residents of Kogi State during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Kogi State. Using the authors’ internal connections with the Kogi residents, 865 residents were recruited into the study via simple random sampling method. The data were collected by an online questionnaire designed by Google form which was adapted from a study in China. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 at various levels with p value at < 0.05. Results: Among 865 questionnaires sent out, 639 were filled completely and returned given a respondent rate of 73.9%. Of the 12 questions on knowledge, the mean overall correct answers was 9.9 given overall correct rate of the participants’ knowledge of 82.5%. 88.4% of the respondents had confidence that Nigeria can win the battle against COVID-19. Just about 52.6% of the participants wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple binary logistic regression analyses, there was significant statistical association between the COVID-19 knowledge score, and a lower likelihood of negative attitudes (OR: 0.87-3.98, P<0.001) and preventive practices towards COVID-19(OR: 0.53-0.67, P<0.001). Conclusion: Health education training to improving COVID-19 knowledge is needed for Kogi residents to have optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate preventive practices.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Level of Biosecurity Measures Adopted in Broiler Farms Based on Manure Bacterial Load Examination in Khartoum State, Sudan

European Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.24018/ejvetmed.2021.1.2.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Mona Ahmed Babiker Ahmed ◽

Atif Elamin Abdelgadir ◽

Hayfa Mohammed Ismail

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Road ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Manure Storage ◽

The Mean

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of adopted biosecurity measures in broiler farms based on manure bacterial load examination in Khartoum State, Sudan. To achieve the goal, a cross sectional study was conducted. Data and manure samples were collected from January to September 2018 from 12 close system broiler farms according to Non-probability Multistage Cluster Sampling Method in Khartoum, Khartoum North (Bahri), and Omdurman localities (4 for each). A standardized questionnaire was also conducted and used for data collection. A total of 12 manure samples were collected from one chosen broiler house in each farm to check the TVCs. All collected Data were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistic such as Chi square and ANOVA using SPSS. The Results of external biosecurity measures revealed that half of the total farms examined (50%) were at a distance between 500 m to 1km from the nearest poultry farm. The same percentage was obtained for no manure spreading from neighboring farms. However, frequent passage of other farms vehicles via near public road was reported in 50% of participating farms. The internal biosecurity results showed that all the examined farms (100%) prohibiting manure storage beside 75.0% of them remove the manure through the dirty area. Furthermore, workers protective wearing when contact waste and hygiene practicing after removing waste sometimes practiced by 75.0% of the participant farms. The mean of bacterial TVCs in manure samples was found below the cut-off level (6.01±0.78 cfu/g) with 95% confidence intervals of 4.48-7.37, 5.20-6.79, and 4.39-7.84 and mean TVC of 5.93±0.90, 6.00±0.50, and 6.11±1.08 cfu/g for Khartoum, Khartoum North, and Omdorman, respectively. No significant difference was obtained for log means of bacterial TVCs and farm location (F value=0.047 and P-value=0.955). In conclusion, despite that the bacterial counts in manure samples were below the cut-off level, poor hygienic practices were detected. Formulation of suitable procedures and regulations by official authorities for implementing biosecurity measures is recommended.

Download Full-text

Dental and Medical Students’ Knowledge and Attitude toward COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1719219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (S 01) ◽

pp. S97-S104

Author(s):

Saqib Ali ◽

Beenish Fatima Alam ◽

Faraz Farooqi ◽

Khalid Almas ◽

Sara Noreen

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Medical Students ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Medical And Dental Students

Abstract Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of Pakistani medical and dental undergraduate students toward COVID-19 during the surge of its outbreak. Materials and Methods The multicentered, cross-sectional study was carried out nationwide among undergraduate medical and dental students. A convenience sampling technique was used. A self-developed online questionnaire was pretested to be completed by the participants. It was distributed using social media. The survey was comprised of questions related to demographics, health status, general hygiene perception, understanding, and the learning attitudes of the students. Comparisons of the knowledge scores and the attitude responses with the demographic information were done using the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square, as appropriate. Results Of the 937 total respondents, 353 (38%) were males and 582 (62%) were females; two students did not mark their gender. Of these, 680 (73%) were dental students and 257 (27%) were medical students. The mean knowledge score of the female dental students (5.15 ± 1.08) was significantly higher than that of the male students (4.87 ± 1.09). Overall, the mean knowledge score was statistically higher among the medical students in comparison to the dental students (5.21 ± 1.15, 5.05 ± 1.09; p = 0.054), respectively. Conclusion The medical and dental students were both aware of the importance of the use of a mask. The medical students had a greater awareness regarding the mode of transmission, symptoms, and origin of COVID-19. However, the dental students showed better understanding of the use of surgical masks and the correct protocol for hand washing. Social media was considered the main source for COVID-19 related information.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, Awareness and Anxiety towards Coronavirus Pandemic among Indian Parents: A Web-Based Survey

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/45824.14420 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Neha Agarwal ◽

Alpa Gupta

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Public ◽

Online Survey ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

P Value ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioural Changes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Nation-wide lockdown imposed to curtail the COVID-19 infection spread is possibly, a source of anxiety among general public. Effectiveness of these measures depends upon people’s knowledge and awareness. Aim: To determine knowledge, awareness and anxiety towards coronavirus pandemic among Indian parents of children aged less than eighteen years, and behavioural changes in the children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 4th May to 16th May 2020. Online questionnaire consisted of demographic details, items on knowledge and awareness, Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD 7) score, parental reporting of behaviour changes in children. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Of the 121 individuals accessing the survey, 85 (54 males; mean age 38.1±5.9 years) and 31 females; mean age 37.9±7.4 years consented to participate. The mean age of their children was 7.5±4.7 years. The major source of information was internet (84.7%). Mild anxiety was observed in a significant proportion of the participants 76.5% while severe anxiety in 8.2%. Around 41.2% parents noticed behavioural changes in their children; with addiction to mobile and video games (61.2%) being the most common change. Among the various coping methods, finding preventive ways to getting infected was opted by the majority (83.5%). The mean GAD 7 score was 7.4±4.0. Statistically significant difference in the GAD was observed among parents differing in the gender {F(2, 82)=3.275, p- value 0.043} and their opinion on behavioural changes observed in their children {F(2, 82)=4.697, p-value 0.012}. Conclusion: High level of increased awareness among general public towards the current pandemic and the ways to tackle the situation calmly is crucial in preventing both the short- and long-term mental health complications anxiety among Indian parent’s influences child’s mental health.

Download Full-text

DERMAL PAPILLAE;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.02.3081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Ayesha Baqar

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B ◽

Dermal Papillae

Introduction: To study and compare the changes in the height of dermal papillae in the skin of different age groups in a segment of Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Five months, from July 2010 to November 2010. Setting: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Materials & Method: Sixty volunteers of both sexes, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria, participated in this cross sectional study. They all gave written informed consent. They were divided into three equal groups according to their ages, Group A ranged in age from 18 – 29 years, Group B from 30 – 49 years, and Group C > 50 years. Punch biopsies were taken from the sun protected upper arm skin, from all volunteers, after giving local anaesthesia. Samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. They were observed under light microscope. Height of dermal papillae was measured at three random sites in each sample and mean was taken.The mean of all three groups was compared with each other and data was analyzed. Results: The mean of each sample was taken and then final mean of each group was calculated. They were then compared with each other. The mean height of dermal papillae of group A was 98.667µm, that of group B was 83.333µm and the mean height of dermal papillae in group C was 47.33µm. There was significant difference between the three groups and ‘p’-value was less than 0.5. Conclusion: At the end of this study, it was concluded that, the height of dermal papillae reduces significantly with age.

Download Full-text

Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of Patan Hospital, Nepal

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v7i3.33829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 62-72

Author(s):

Prashant Raj Bhatt ◽

Ujjawal Paudel ◽

Tapendra Koirala ◽

Purnima Shrestha ◽

Ujjwal Kumar Mishra

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Prevention Measure ◽

The Mean ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

And Gender

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the most effective infection prevention measure. This research aims to find out the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of major departments of Patan Hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors of selected departments of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The knowledge of hand hygiene was assessed using a WHO knowledge questionnaire. The practice was assessed using a WHO observation checklist. The data was recorded in Epi-info and the analysis was done for knowledge score and compliance with practice using SPSS v15. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 104 (98%) of the participants completed each part (knowledge and practice) of the study. The overall mean score (± SD) was 64% ± 8 on knowledge questions about hand hygiene. Knowledge of hand hygiene was not significantly different among departments (p=0.351) and gender (p=0.994). Out of 1022 opportunities, the compliance of hand hygiene among the doctors was 532(52%). The highest compliance for hand hygiene was after exposure to body fluids 93%. The mean time taken for hand rub was 8 seconds and the mean steps performed were 4 out of 8. Compliance with hand hygiene was statistically significant among departments (p= 0.001). However, it was not statistically significant among gender(p=0.198). Conclusion: Participants performed relatively well with a moderate score (64%) on knowledge questions but it was not reflected in practice (overall compliance 52%). The majority performed hand hygiene after body fluid exposure (93%) and after touching patients (64%).

Download Full-text

Attitude, Awareness, and Knowledge of Saudi Citizens towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim Region – Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i43b32525 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 53-67

Author(s):

Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh ◽

Azimatun Noor Aizuddin ◽

Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Salem ◽

Khalid Abdulrahman Al-shetaily ◽

Fawziah Hassan Al-Owayyid

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Age Groups ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

P Value ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination Decision ◽

The Mean

Cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the Attitudes and awareness level of Citizens towards COVID-19 vaccination in Qassim region. The present study’s results showed that awareness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim region- Saudi Arabia shows that the mean score of awareness was 3.49 (SD 0.864) out of 5. Regarding vaccination decision among Saudi citizens in Qassim region, (22.7%) of the participants were undecided, (14.7%) refused, and (62.6%) agreed to get a vaccine against COVID-19. Reason for vaccine refusal mainly was they don't believe the vaccine. 96 Participants (32.0%) were working in the healthcare sector, (44.8%) of them had received the COVID-19 Vaccine, and (38.5%) refused. The level of awareness among healthcare participants was (80.2%). The average knowledge score was 3.49 (SD =.864) out of a possible 5. Participants who reported having a graduate level of education had a considerably higher mean knowledge score. The mean score of attitudes was 1.95 (SD=1.176) out of 5, with majority of positive attitude score 62.7%. ((65.7% They received the first dose, and 6.0% they received the first dose and second dose)). Participants with age group 55 years and above years, are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other age groups. Married persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Participants with graduate educational level are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other educational levels. Employed persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Whereas, there is no relation between age and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value= 0.140). As well, there is no relation between employed citizens and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value =0.136), and there is relation between marital status and awareness among Saudi citizens (P-value = 0.013).

Download Full-text

Knowledge assessment of Sepsis Diagnosis and Management during COVID-19 pandemic among House Officers & Medical Officers in Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital in Khartoum State, Sudan, 2021

10.21203/rs.3.rs-577986/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

ElMuiz Abdelrahman ◽

Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed ◽

Ibrahim Mahgoub ◽

Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla Omer ◽

Yassin Abdelrahim Abdalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

P Value ◽

Sepsis Management ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Sepsis Diagnosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Life Threatening ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Sepsis is life-threatening and frequently a final common pathway to death for many infectious diseases worldwide and may lead to death if left untreated. The objective is to assess the scientific medical knowledge upon sepsis among House officers and Medical officers in terms of diagnosis and management.Method: An observational cross sectional Hospital-based study was conducted through self-administered retrospective questionnaires based on the objective of the study. We enrolled 155 participants through Convenience sampling. The questionnaire contains parts of validated Sepsis criteria in terms of diagnosis and management. Analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Data are presenter as frequencies and percentages using figures and tables. P value less than 0.05 considered significant Mann Whitney U test use to compare level of knowledge adherence between trained participants and non-trained participants.Results: The mean knowledge score about sepsis diagnosis was 2.6 out of 10 (SD= 1.8), and about sepsis management was 2.8 out of 8 (SD=1.8) the mean overall score was 5.5 out of 18.No significant difference found between participants who were trained upon diagnosis and management of sepsis and those who were not.Conclusion: Study findings illustrated that the capacity to perceive and manage sepsis among House Officers and Medical Officers doctors is poor and there are dangerous gaps in their investigation and management of such septic patients.

Download Full-text