Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of Patan Hospital, Nepal

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the most effective infection prevention measure. This research aims to find out the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of major departments of Patan Hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors of selected departments of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The knowledge of hand hygiene was assessed using a WHO knowledge questionnaire. The practice was assessed using a WHO observation checklist. The data was recorded in Epi-info and the analysis was done for knowledge score and compliance with practice using SPSS v15. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 104 (98%) of the participants completed each part (knowledge and practice) of the study. The overall mean score (± SD) was 64% ± 8 on knowledge questions about hand hygiene. Knowledge of hand hygiene was not significantly different among departments (p=0.351) and gender (p=0.994). Out of 1022 opportunities, the compliance of hand hygiene among the doctors was 532(52%). The highest compliance for hand hygiene was after exposure to body fluids 93%. The mean time taken for hand rub was 8 seconds and the mean steps performed were 4 out of 8. Compliance with hand hygiene was statistically significant among departments (p= 0.001). However, it was not statistically significant among gender(p=0.198). Conclusion: Participants performed relatively well with a moderate score (64%) on knowledge questions but it was not reflected in practice (overall compliance 52%). The majority performed hand hygiene after body fluid exposure (93%) and after touching patients (64%).

Download Full-text

Sonographic Measurement and Sex Variability of Portal Vein Using US scan in a sample of Sudanese Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-944749/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Elbagir Mustafa ◽

Mohamed Abdulkarim ◽

Khalid A. Awad ◽

Alaa Osman Mohamed Koko

Keyword(s):

Portal Vein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Diameter ◽

Vein Diameter ◽

The Mean ◽

Computed Topography ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background: Measurements of the normal portal venous dimension in a specified population is so crucial. portal vein can be measured by several methods for assessing different parameters, Computed topography (CT) and sonographic imaging are common examples. The diagnosis of portal hypertension depends on the transverse portal vein diameter (normal diameter from 6-15 mm). The aim of this study is to establish baseline value for the portal vein diameter and assess the correlation with age, gender, weight, height and BMI in Sudanese populations.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included a sample of Sudanese adults who were requested to have routine abdominal sonographic scanning due to reasons not related to liver or portal vein problems. The study was carried out at the Radiology Department of Qatar Alnada Hospital, Umbadda, Khartoum, Sudan 2020.Results: In this study, 376 participants were included of which more than half were females (56.1%, n=211), while 165(43.9%) were males. The mean age of the participants was 38.12 + 15.57 years. The mean portal vein diameter was 10.79 + 1.27 millimeters. From this study the portal vein diameter varied with age (p value = 0.000), weight (p value = 0.002), height (p value = 0.000) and gender (p value = 0.000). It is not related to BMI (p value = 0.3).Conclusion: This study has revealed that the portal vein diameter has positive correlation with age, gender, height, and weight of the person and has no correlation with the BMI.

Download Full-text

ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL CARIES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER IN KOZHIKODE DISTRICT– A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

10.36106/gjra/5109245 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5-8

Author(s):

Nimmy S Mukundan ◽

Prasanth Balan ◽

Jayasree S

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Background: Individuals with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) suffers from poor oral health due to impaired physical coordination and cognitive skills. However, their dental caries status is mostly underreported particularly in low-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the dental caries status of individuals with IDD as compared to age and gender matched healthy individuals in India. Methodology: In this comparative cross-sectional study, dental caries status of 266 individuals with IDDs aged 13-35 years and 266 age and gender-matched healthy individuals were assessed using the DMFT index. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann Whitney test. Results: Of the 266 individuals with IDD, IDD associated with autism (n=40, 15%) was the most common type of disability. 10.9% of the case and 30.5% of controls were caries-free. The mean number of decayed tooth and the DMFT score (DT= 4.16±4.17 vs 0.65±0.90; DMFT= 4.56±4.55 vs 1.41±1.42); P Value=0.00) were signicantly higher among disabled compared to their healthy controls. Whereas the mean number of the lled tooth (0.18±0.81 vs 0.68±1.1; Pvalue=0.00) was signicantly lower. DT and DMFT increased signicantly with the severity of disability (P value<0.05). Conclusion:Individuals with IDD had a highercaries experience and considerably lower lled tooth ratecompared to healthy individuals. Uplifting the priority given to oral health by oral health education programs and implementing strategies to improve access to dental services will help to address many of the challenges faced by these lessfortunate individuals.

Download Full-text

Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Domestic Hajj Pilgrims: Implications for Future Mass Gatherings Amidst COVID-19

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed5040160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Hashim Mahdi ◽

Amani Alqahtani ◽

Osamah Barasheed ◽

Amjad Alemam ◽

Mohammed Alhakami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mass Gatherings ◽

Hand Foot Mouth Disease ◽

The Mean ◽

Knowledge And Practice

This study examined Hajj pilgrims’ knowledge and reported practice of hand hygiene. In Hajj 2019, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Mina, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, of domestic Saudi pilgrims aged ≥18 years by using a self-administered Arabic questionnaire that captured data on pilgrims’ socio-demographics, hand hygiene knowledge, and reported practices of hand cleaning following certain actions. A total of 348 respondents aged 18 to 63 (median 32) years completed the survey, of whom 200 (57.5%) were female. The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) hand hygiene knowledge score was 6.7 (±SD 1.9). Two hundred and seventy one (77.9%) and 286 (82.2%) of respondents correctly identified that hand hygiene can prevent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections respectively, but 146 (42%) were not aware that it prevents hand-foot-mouth disease. Eighty-eight (25.3%) respondents erroneously reported that hand hygiene prevents HIV. Washing hands with water and soap was the most preferred method practiced before a meal (67.5% (235/348)), after a meal (80.2% (279/348)), after toilet action (81.6% (284/348)), when hands were visibly soiled (86.2% (300/348)), and after waste disposal (61.5% (214/348)). Hajj pilgrims demonstrated a good knowledge and practice of hand hygiene, but there are gaps that are vital to control outbreaks such as COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Knowledge and practice of universal precautions among health care workers in four national hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.4143 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (04) ◽

pp. 535-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Said Hafizullah Fayaz ◽

Michiyo Higuchi ◽

Tomoya Hirosawa ◽

Mohammad Abul Bashar Sarker ◽

Zakhro Djabbarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Universal Precautions ◽

Care Workers ◽

The Mean ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of health care workers (HCWs) towards universal precautions (UPs) and to look into any associations between knowledge and practice. Methodology:A cross-sectional study was undertaken between August and October 2012, involving 300 HCWs from four national public hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. A self-administered questionnaire assessing the knowledge and practice of UPs was used. Results: Among the 300 respondents, the mean knowledge score was 5.2 with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.5. On the practice score, the mean was 8.7 (SD = 2.2). A total of 90.6% and 70.8% of HCWs believed that UPs were necessary in contact with urine/feces and tears, respectively, although UPs are not necessary in these cases. On the other hand, 57.8% reported that they always recapped the needle after giving an injection, and 31.8% did not always change gloves in between patients. There were no associations between the knowledge and self-reported practice of UPs. Conclusions: The HCWs in Kabul had inadequate knowledge and poor practice of UPs. Training for HCWs is needed to encourage them to adhere to practice based on improved knowledge.

Download Full-text

Knowledgeof Dermatology Residents on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Clinical Research in Dermatology ◽

10.15226/2378-1726/7/4/001124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Fadil Mohammad ◽

Ahmad Alhaj ◽

Ali Al Ajimi ◽

Abdulhadi Jfri ◽

Elzibeth O’Brien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographic Location ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

General Information ◽

P Value ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gcc Countries ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world leading to a global pandemic. As a result, all healthcare workers have been profoundly affected. Objectives: The goal of our study is to identify the level of knowledge and the effect of COVID-19 on dermatology residents. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in which 77 dermatology residents from three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Canada completed an online questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: one general information about the resident and three on knowledge, safety measures and impact of COVID-19, with a total of 26 questions. The questionnaire was scored out of 10 with those above the mean considered as having satisfactory knowledge. Results: The mean (SD) knowledge score was 6.25 (1.6). There was a statistically significant difference noted between the GCC countries and Canada in terms of the knowledge score (p-value=0.035). Only 14% of dermatology residents felt competent in managing COVID-19 patients. Seventy percent felt that the pandemic has negatively affected their dermatology training. Conclusion: Dermatology residents demonstrated a difference in knowledge score in relation to the geographic location of the program. Almost 46% of residents illustrated a satisfactory knowledge score about COVID-19. Only a small percentage of residents are confident in treating COVID-19 patients. Subsequently, the need for improved education of residents regarding COVID-19 before redeployment is warranted.

Download Full-text

Attitude, Awareness, and Knowledge of Saudi Citizens towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim Region – Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i43b32525 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 53-67

Author(s):

Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh ◽

Azimatun Noor Aizuddin ◽

Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Salem ◽

Khalid Abdulrahman Al-shetaily ◽

Fawziah Hassan Al-Owayyid

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Age Groups ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

P Value ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination Decision ◽

The Mean

Cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the Attitudes and awareness level of Citizens towards COVID-19 vaccination in Qassim region. The present study’s results showed that awareness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim region- Saudi Arabia shows that the mean score of awareness was 3.49 (SD 0.864) out of 5. Regarding vaccination decision among Saudi citizens in Qassim region, (22.7%) of the participants were undecided, (14.7%) refused, and (62.6%) agreed to get a vaccine against COVID-19. Reason for vaccine refusal mainly was they don't believe the vaccine. 96 Participants (32.0%) were working in the healthcare sector, (44.8%) of them had received the COVID-19 Vaccine, and (38.5%) refused. The level of awareness among healthcare participants was (80.2%). The average knowledge score was 3.49 (SD =.864) out of a possible 5. Participants who reported having a graduate level of education had a considerably higher mean knowledge score. The mean score of attitudes was 1.95 (SD=1.176) out of 5, with majority of positive attitude score 62.7%. ((65.7% They received the first dose, and 6.0% they received the first dose and second dose)). Participants with age group 55 years and above years, are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other age groups. Married persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Participants with graduate educational level are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other educational levels. Employed persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Whereas, there is no relation between age and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value= 0.140). As well, there is no relation between employed citizens and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value =0.136), and there is relation between marital status and awareness among Saudi citizens (P-value = 0.013).

Download Full-text

Assessment of the knowledge and Attitude of General Dentists toward Denture Adhesives in the Isfahan Province

Journal of Isfahan Dental School ◽

10.18502/ijds.v17i1.5912 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ramin Mosharraf ◽

Farshad Nadian

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Denture Adhesives ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

And Gender ◽

General Dentists

Introduction: The knowledge and attitude of dentists toward the use of denture adhesives vary worldwide, and may be affected by different factors. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of the general dentists toward the use of denture adhesives. Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional study that was done in 2019 in the city of Isfahan, the knowledge and attitude of 151 general dentists toward denture adhesive in the Isfahan city were assessed using a 16-item questionnaire. Besides, the participants' age and gender were recorded as well. Statistical analyses were done by One-way ANOVA and T-test with the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The liquid and powder (57.2%) forms of denture adhesives were the most prevalent favored types of adhesives. The incidence of adverse effects following the adhesives administration (55%) was the most common underlying etiology for the reluctance to use them. The mean of knowledge and attitude scores were (54.22 ± 14.37) and (43.32 ± 14.41), respectively, that both were at an intermediate level. Neither knowledge score (p value = 0.91) nor attitude score (p value = 0.06) was affected by gender. Similar insignificant associations were found for age (p value = 0.31 for knowledge and 0.37 for age) as well. A significant direct association was found between knowledge and attitude (p value = 0.02, r = 0.196). Conclusion: Both of the knowledge and attitude of the studied population were in the intermediate range. Besides, neither their knowledge nor their attitude was affected by age and gender. We observed that the attitude was directly associated with the dentists' knowledge.

Download Full-text

Brief Overview and Experience of Visual Evoked Potential of First 67 cases at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jninb.v6i2.50744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽

Bithi Debnath ◽

AFM Al Masum Khan ◽

Md Ferdous Mian ◽

Md Nahidul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Pattern Reversal ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Visual Evoked

Background: The visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable tool to document occult lesions of the central visual channels especially within the optic nerve. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the findings of first few cases of VEP done in the neurophysiology department of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2020. All patients referred to the Neurophysiology Department of NINS for VEP were included. Pattern reversal VEPs were done using standard protocol set by International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.70 (±12.11) years (6-68 years) with 31 (46.3%) male and 36 (53.7%) female patients. The mean duration of illness was 8.71 (±1.78) months (3 days- 120 months). Most common presenting symptom was blurring of vision (37.3%) and dimness of vision (32.8%). Patterned VEP revealed mixed type (both demyelinating and axonal) of abnormality in most cases [29(43.35)]. The most common clinical diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (29.85%) and optic neuropathy (26.87%). In the clinically suspected cases of multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy and optic neuritis most of the cases of VEP were abnormal and the p value is 0.04 in optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of the patients in this series were blurring of vision and dimness of vision. The most common clinical diagnosis for which VEP was asked for, was optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Most abnormalities were of mixed pattern (demyelinating and axonal). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 74-77

Download Full-text

POS0548 OPTIMAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ANKLE AND HINDFOOT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 508.2-509

Author(s):

K. Maatallah ◽

H. Boussaa ◽

H. Riahi ◽

H. Ferjani ◽

M. Habechi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Power Doppler ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Therapeutic Decisions ◽

The Mean ◽

Foot Disease

Background:Foot disease is a common problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therapeutic decisions are often based on clinical examination (CE) alone, which can be adversely affected by factors such as deformity, obesity, and peripheral edema. Ultrasonography (US) has previously been shown to be more sensitive than CE for detecting synovitis and tenosynovitis in RA forefeet, but few data exist for the hindfoot and ankle.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare CE and US for the detection of hindfoot and ankle synovitis and tenosynovitis in patients with established RA.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Demographic data and disease parameters were collected. CE was performed by a rheumatologist for the presence or absence of tenderness, swelling, and mobility restriction of both ankles. The following tendons were examined for tenosynovitis: tibialis anterior (TA) and posterior (TP), fibularis longus (FL), and brevis (FB) (assessed together). In a second time, US examination of the tibiotalar, talonavicular, and subtalar joints and the same tendons as CE was performed by a blinded radiologist experienced in musculoskeletal imaging using a Philips HD11 device with a high-frequency linear transducer. The presence or absence of synovitis and tenosynovitis was recorded, and the composite synovitis score (power doppler / grayscale ultrasound (PDUS)) was measured for each joint. The US score of each patient was defined by the sum of the composite scores of the joints studied (0-30). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Sixty-two feet were examined in 31 RA patients (25 women and six men) with a mean age of 54.8±10.8 years old [32-70]. The mean disease duration was 8.5±7.2 years [1-37]. Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptides Antibodies (ACPA) were positive in 61.3% and 83.8% of cases. The mean DAS28 ESR was 3.8±1.5 [0.6-7].Clinical examination of ankles revealed tenderness in 57.4% of cases, swelling in 38.8% of cases, and restriction in the range of motion in 11.1% of cases. TA tenosynovitis was noted in 14.8% of cases, TP tenosynovitis in 22.2% of cases, and FL and FB tenosynovitis in 31.5% of cases.US showed tibiotalar synovitis in 59.3% of cases, talonavicular synovitis in 64.8% of cases, and subtalar synovitis in 46.3% of cases. TA tenosynovitis was noted in 5.6% of cases, TP tenosynovitis in 22.2% of cases, and FB and FL tenosynovitis in 25% and 11.1% of cases respectively.An association was found between clinical tenderness and US synovitis of the tibiotalar joint (p=0.013) and the talonavicular joint (p=0.027). No association was noted between clinical swelling and US synovitis in these joints.No association was noted between clinical and US tenosynovitis of TA (p=0.279), TP (p=0.436), FB (p=0.495) and FL (p=0.315).Conclusion:Clinical examination of RA ankles may be challenging and needs to be coupled with US, which is more sensitive and accurate in the detection of synovitis and tenosynovitis.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Download Full-text

Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Hashim A. Mahdi ◽

Hamza M. Assaggaf ◽

Mohammad Alfelali ◽

Omar B. Ahmed ◽

Radi Alsafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Graduate Education ◽

Formal Education ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

Download Full-text