Von der Fremdbesatzung zur kommunistischen Diktatur. Die personellen Umbrüche in der tschechoslowakischen Wirtschaft nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromir Balcar ◽  
Jaroslav Kučera
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
World War ◽  
Know How ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractDuring the post-war period Czechoslovakia experienced a radical change in business and economic elites, which took place in three stages. The first phase commenced immediately after the end of World War II, when factory counsels conducted a personal purge within their enterprises. While German directors had fled or had been expelled, many of their Czech colleagues retained their positions, because the new regime seemed in need these experts’ ‘know-how’. In 1948, the Communists triggered a second wave of purges mainly directed against members of other political parties or managers supposed to be opponents of the new regime. When the Communist Party started to search for enemies within their own ranks, the remainder of the country’s economic elites familiar with the interwar period’s market economy was eliminated during the show trials of the early 1950s.

scholarly journals Communism versus Zionism: The Comintern, Yishuvism, and the Palestine Communist Party

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Franzéén
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
White Paper ◽  
World War ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
Party Line ◽  
Post War ◽  
Two Bodies

This article discusses how the official communist position on the Zionist project in Palestine went from hostile condemnation in the early 1920s to wary support after World War II. In so doing, it focuses on the ideological struggle between the traditional party line and ““Yishuvism,”” a theory that sought to reconcile Zionist and communist ideas, as it played out in the two bodies most closely involved in shaping Comintern policy on Palestine (the Palestine Communist Party and the Communist Party of Great Britain). In following the tortured justifications for evolving positions, the author identifies the key actors shaping the debate and turning points impacting it, especially the 1936––39 Arab Revolt, Britain's 1939 White Paper, and the wartime fight against fascism. The author contends that an important reason for the USSR's post-war about-face on Palestine was the success of the Yishuvist ideological campaign.

Problems of Persuasion: Communist Agitation and Propaganda in Post-war Yugoslavia, 1944-1948

Slavic Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
World War ◽  
Volunteer Labor ◽  
Post War ◽  
Economic Function

Following the devastation of World War II, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) called on all patriotic youth to join volunteer labor brigades and to rebuild the country's shattered infrastructure. Party propaganda for the brigades emphasized not only their economic function but also their role in nurturing a generation of people with new values, beliefs and standards of behavior.

The Replacement of Economic Elites in Slovenia after World War II

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Žarko Lazarević
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
World War ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Economic Elites

AbstractThe replacement of elites was integral to the adoption of a centrally planned economy based on the Soviet model. As a result of the changes in the political and economic system pre-war elites were completely stripped of their social functions, and their members were politically and socially marginalised as individuals. The ways in which elites were recruited changed. Education or expertise did not remain crucial factors in the recruitment process, evident in the fact that in 1948 as much as 68 percent of the leading cadre of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had only primary school education, while an additional ten per cent had not even completed this level of education. Political loyalty in the form of Communist party membership was the most important criterion. In the centralised structure of that time individual members of the Communist Party leadership also played an extremely important role. A large group of collaborators and supporters formed around them, who then occupied the leading positions at various levels of economic life.

Sport popolare italiano e Arbeitersport tedesco-occidentale (1945-1950)

2009 ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Leo Goretti
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Post War

- Focuses on the sport policies of the Italian Communist Party and the West German Social Democratic Party in the post-war period. Whereas the Pci leadership decided to build up a flanking sports association (the Unione Italiana Sport Popolare, established in 1948), the Spd abandoned the pre-Nazi tradition of the Arbeitersport (workers' sport). Based on a research undertaken in the archives of the two parties, the article analyses their sport policies in a comparative perspective. Particular attention is paid to the legacy of the Nazi and Fascist regimes and the different political contexts in the two countries after World War II.Keywords: Italian Communist Party, West German Social Democratic Party, Sport, Labour Movement, Leisure.Parole chiave: Partito comunista italiano, Partito socialdemocratico tedesco-occidentale, sport, movimento operaio, tempo libero.

scholarly journals Activities of political agencies and inner organisations of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) to strengthen the Party influence on the Red Army Air Force personnel during a radical change in the World War II East Front

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Lantukhov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Red Army

The article presents the main directions and results of the activities of the political bodies of the Air Force of the Red Army to strengthen the Communist Party influence on servicemen in order to increase the combat readiness of aviation compounds during a fundamental change during the World War II. The measures to improve the organisational structure of the Party organisations, replenishing the ranks of Bolsheviks in the army, a change in the qualitative composition and conduct of political and upbringing work among the party members. During the study, the reasons for the quantitative expansion of the Party layer in the ranks of the Air Force, simplifying the entry into the ranks of the Communists, along with a qualitative change in the composition of the Party series are disclosed. The reorganisation of the Komsomol is considered in detail and its importance during the fundamental change in the World War II. The scientific article is written using the sources of the central archive of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, some of which has been published for the first time. The study of this problem allows the use of accumulated military experience, which can be used in the face of non-party principle of the modern Armed Forces of Russia.

Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

Metamorphoses of memory of the the Russian-Serbian Brotherhood of War in Modern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Second World

The article considers the perception of World War II in modern Serbian society. Despite the stability of Serbian-Russian shared historical memory, the attitudes of both countries towards World wars differ. There is a huge contrast in the perception of the First and Second World War in Russian and Serbian societies. For the Serbs the events of World War II are obscured by the memories of the Civil War, which broke out in the country immediately after the occupation in 1941 and continued several years after 1945. Over 70% of Yugoslavs killed during the Second World War were slaughtered by the citizens of former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The terror unleashed by Tito in the first postwar decade in 1944-1954 was proportionally bloodier than Stalin repressions in the postwar USSR. The number of emigrants from Yugoslavia after the establishment of the Tito's dictatorship was proportionally equal to the number of refugees from Russia after the Civil War (1,5-2% of prewar population). In the post-war years, open manipulations with the obvious facts of World War II took place in Tito's Yugoslavia. In the 1990s the memories repressed during the communist years were set free and publicly debated. After the fall of the one-party system the memory of World War II was devalued. The memory of the Russian-Serbian military fraternity forged during the World War II began to revive in Serbia due to the foreign policy changes in 2008. In October 2008 the President of Russia paid a visit to Serbia which began the process of (re) construction of World War II in Serbian historical memory. According to the public opinion surveys, a positive attitude towards Russia and Russians in Serbia strengthens the memories on general resistance to Nazism with memories of fratricide during the civil conflict events of 1941-1945 still dominating in Serbian society.

The Future of Global Great Power Competition after the Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Burhanettin Duran
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
World War ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Future ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
The U.S

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the domestic and foreign policy agendas of all countries have been turned upside down. The pandemic has brought new problems and competition areas to states and to the international system. While the pandemic politically calls to mind the post-World War II era, it can also be compared with the 2008 crisis due to its economic effects such as unemployment and the disruption of global supply chains. A debate immediately began for a new international system; however, it seems that the current international system will be affected, but will not experience a radical change. That is, a new international order is not expected, while disorder is most likely in the post-pandemic period. In an atmosphere of global instability where debates on the U.S.-led international system have been worn for a while, in the post-pandemic period states will invest in self-sufficiency and redefine their strategic areas, especially in health security. The decline of U.S. leadership, the challenging policies of China, the effects of Chinese policies on the U.S.-China relations and the EU’s deepening crisis are going to be the main discussion topics that will determine the future of the international system.

Charles de Gaulle and European Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Tanel Kerikmae ◽  
Olga Shumilo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
De Gaulle

This article highlights the role of Charles de Gaulle in the history of united post-war Europe, his approaches to the internal and foreign French policies, also vetoing the membership of the United Kingdom in the European Community. The authors describe the emergence of De Gaulle as a politician, his uneasy relationship with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II, also the roots of developing a “nationalistic” approach to regional policy after the end of the war. The article also considers the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter - CAP), one of Charles de Gaulle’s biggest achievements in foreign policy, and the reasons for the Fouchet Plan defeat.

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