Importance of Durum Wheat Breeding in Terms of Bulghur in Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey *

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Puccio ◽  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Alfonso S. Frenda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Unravelling the hidden inter and intra-varietal diversity of durum wheat commercial varieties used in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Miguel Bento ◽  
Sónia Gomes Pereira ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
High Level

AbstractAssessing durum wheat genomic diversity is crucial in a changing environmental particularly in the Mediterranean region where it is largely used to produce pasta. Durum wheat varieties cultivated in Portugal and previously assessed regarding thermotolerance ability were screened for the variability of coding sequences associated with technological traits and repetitive sequences. As expected, reduced variability was observed regarding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) but a specific LMW-GS allelic form associated with improved pasta-making characteristics was absent in one variety. Contrastingly, molecular markers targeting repetitive elements like microsatellites and retrotransposons – Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Inter Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) – disclosed significant inter and intra-varietal diversity. This high level of polymorphism was revealed by the 20 distinct ISSR/IRAP concatenated profiles observed among the 23 individuals analysed. Interestingly, median joining networks and PCoA analysis grouped individuals of the same variety and clustered varieties accordingly with geographical origin. Globally, this work demonstrates that durum wheat breeding strategies induced selection pressure for some relevant coding sequences while maintaining high levels of genomic variability in non-coding regions enriched in repetitive sequences.

scholarly journals Inheritance of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in Durum wheat

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Gorjanovic ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Additive Genes

Using the line x tester analysis we studied the combining ability and gene effects of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in durum wheat. The results of the study show that non-additive genes play more important role than additive genes in the inheritance of plant height, number of spikelets per spike in both years and in inheritance of spike length only in the first year of research. Variety Belfugito, the best general combiner for plant height and number of spikelets per spike, combined well in two best hybrids: Belfugito x Alifen and Belfugito x Yavaros 79, and these hybrids may be used in wheat breeding programs. In the majority of the cases, good specific combining ability (SCA) effects were associated with crosses of two genetically divergent parents having at least one parent as a good general combiner.

Durum Wheat Breeding

Cereals ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 199-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conxita Royo ◽  
Elias M. Elias ◽  
Frank A. Manthey
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding

scholarly journals Durum Wheat Breeding in the Mediterranean Region: Current Status and Future Prospects

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Xynias ◽  
Ioannis Mylonas ◽  
Evangelos G. Korpetis ◽  
Elissavet Ninou ◽  
Aphrodite Tsaballa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mediterranean

This brief historical review focuses on durum wheat domestication and breeding in the Mediterranean region. Important milestones in durum wheat breeding programs across the countries of the Mediterranean basin before and after the Green Revolution are discussed. Additionally, the main achievements of the classical breeding methodology are presented using a comparison of old and new cultivars. Furthermore, current breeding goals and challenges are analyzed. An overview of classical breeding methods in combination with current molecular techniques and tools for cultivar development is presented. Important issues of seed quality are outlined, focusing on protein and characteristics that affect human health and are connected with the consumption of wheat end-products.

scholarly journals Mapping Agronomic and Quality Traits in Elite Durum Wheat Lines under Differing Water Regimes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Mérida-García ◽  
Alison R. Bentley ◽  
Sergio Gálvez ◽  
Gabriel Dorado ◽  
Ignacio Solís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Copper Proteins ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Wheat Lines

Final grain production and quality in durum wheat are affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The association mapping (AM) approach is useful for dissecting the genetic control of quantitative traits, with the aim of increasing final wheat production under stress conditions. In this study, we used AM analyses to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying agronomic and quality traits in a collection of 294 elite durum wheat lines from CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), grown under different water regimes over four growing seasons. Thirty-seven significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected for sedimentation volume (SV) and thousand kernel weight (TKW), located on chromosomes 1B and 2A, respectively. The QTL loci found were then confirmed with several AM analyses, which revealed 12 sedimentation index (SDS) MTAs and two additional loci for SV (4A) and yellow rust (1B). A candidate gene analysis of the identified genomic regions detected a cluster of 25 genes encoding blue copper proteins in chromosome 1B, with homoeologs in the two durum wheat subgenomes, and an ubiquinone biosynthesis O-methyltransferase gene. On chromosome 2A, several genes related to photosynthetic processes and metabolic pathways were found in proximity to the markers associated with TKW. These results are of potential use for subsequent application in marker-assisted durum wheat-breeding programs.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of two bottom fertilizers and previous crop on yield of durum wheat breeding seed (Triticum durum Desf.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Chiahi ◽  
Louhichi Brinis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

To improve the yield of durum wheat seed (Triticum durum Desf.), seven varieties were grown in an experimental field (Tifech region in Souk Ahras). The study focused on planting the varieties on two cropping precedents (sorghum and fallow grazing), in addition to the use of two bottom fertilizers, one potassic (Fosfactyl) and the other phoshonitrogen, (DAP). The analysis of the results showed a clear improvement in grain yields in the varieties harvested from the previous crop (Sorgho) and having received Fosfactyl as fertilizer. The best grain yields were displayed by the Carioca, Boussallem and Sersou varieties. After harvest, the study of soil parameters of the respective parcels showed soil with a sandy loam texture, with a low organic matter, with a slightly alkaline pH, while being low in salts.

scholarly journals Wheat Production and Breeding in Israel from 1948 to 2002

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Atsmon S ◽  
E. Schwarzbach
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
National Average ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
On Farm

The sown wheat acreage in Israel increased from less than 40 000 ha in 1948 to more than 100 000 ha in the seventies and has declined slightly since that time. About 3/4 of the crop are grown in the central part of the country, mostly rain fed, with precipitation of 250–500 mm. The cultivation of durum wheat, originally dominant, has declined since the sixties to a small percentage of the wheat acreage and durum wheat breeding is thus negligible. Local bread wheat breeding started around 1960 independently at three breeding organisations, one of which extensively used genetic material from international breeding programs in Mexico. Since the fifties about 25 cultivars have been released, but only a few are of economic importance now. Breeding considerably increased the yielding potential of cultivars. The recent top cultivar Galil yields about twice as much as cv. Florence Aurore, the leading cultivar in 1970. The national average grain yield rose from 900 kg/ha in 1948 to recently 2.3 t/ha. The highest on-farm yields under favourable conditions are about 9 t/ha. An increasing proportion of the wheat acreage is used for silage, reaching now more than 25%. Yearly fluctuations of yield are considerable and are closely related to rainfall. Data also show an improvement in water utilisation by the crop during the analysed period. The domestic production covered originally only about 12% of the consumption, reaching 47% in the decade 1970–1979, but declined again due to the population growth from 1.2 to 6.5 millions.  

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