World Society, World Polity, and the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being, 1990–2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Society ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
World Polity ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Developed Nations

Research on the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB), a measure representing a country's development in terms of both environmental and human well-being, often explores the role of economic development, while the effects of other aspects of global integration remain under-explored. I use macro-comparative sociological perspectives to investigate the extent to which theories of global integration help explain variation in countries’ CIWB over time. I evaluate propositions drawn from neoinstitutional world society and world polity theories using longitudinal modeling techniques to analyze data from 81 countries from 1990 to 2011. I also examine subsets of more and less developed countries and compare production- and consumption-based measures of CIWB. I find that world society/world polity integration is associated with a reduction in CIWB only in more developed nations, and only when using the production measure for CO2 emissions, highlighting the complexities of sustainable development in an unequal global system.

Foundations of International Aid

1960 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jane M. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Individual

The newly developing countries desire not only political independence but also economic progress for their people—a progress which they can see, and are now aware of, in the rest of the world. The role of the developed countries is to extend aid to the needy. Moral foundations underlie the donor's contributions, but they are more than that, they are the means for acquiring support for international aid in the donor's country. The United States must assume the leader ship among' the free nations in granting aid; she must accept this role because of her economic achievements and technologi cal advantages. Donators of such aid should take cognizance of the complementary character and interrelatedness of economic and social development. For economic development, however much it is sought, is not an end in itself, rather the aim is the well-being and happiness of the individual. Such a goal neces sitates economic aid accompanied by social aid. Social welfare can also be a vehicle to achieve peace, inasmuch as people-to- people relationships generate brotherly love—the only lasting foundation for peace.—Ed.

The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A Hanushek ◽  
Ludger Woessmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
School Quality ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
High Level

The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of cognitive skills in promoting economic well-being, with a particular focus on the role of school quality and quantity. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of the population—rather than mere school attainment—are powerfully related to individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. New empirical results show the importance of both minimal and high level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions.

scholarly journals Degrowth: a proposal to foster a deeply radical socio-ecological transformation

Oikonomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Demaria
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
Sustainable Recovery

For a sustainable post-Covid-19 recovery strategy, humanity faces two major challenges: 1. Just prosperity: The creation of a resilient and fair economy that delivers prosperity for all; 2. Public and planetary health: protect human health, together with the reduction of environmental impacts below thresholds of planetary boundaries including greenhouse gas emissions. The Covid-19 crisis could represent an opportunity for responses that integrate different goals, or a drawback if some are prioritized without considering their impacts on the others. New kinds of informed solutions are needed to ensure long-term sustainability in social, economic, and environmental terms. This article addresses the research question: How could developed countries manage a sustainable recovery that provides a good life for all within public and planetary health? First, it argues that economic growth is not compatible with environmental sustainability. Green Keynesianism is based on the hypothesis that economic growth can be decoupled from environmental impacts, but this has not happened and it is unlikely to happen. Second, it introduces degrowth as an alternative to green growth. Degrowth challenges the hegemony of economic growth and calls for a democratically led redistributive downscaling of production and consumption in industrialised countries as a means to achieve environmental sustainability, social justice, and well-being. Third, it traces the recent evolution of the term degrowth from an activist slogan to an academic concept. Last, it calls for an alliance of alternatives that could foster a deeply radical socio-ecological transformation.

Marketing Healthy Food in an African City: Consumer Motivations for Adopting Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato in Maputo, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110212
Author(s):  
Roland Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Since the late 1990s, the International Potato Center has promoted orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) cultivars in Mozambique as a healthy food, emphasizing its capacity to reduce the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among mothers and young children. This article seeks to reveal why consumers in Maputo, the capital city of Mozambique, adopt or reject OFSP looking at the role of food systems and consumer characteristics in access and acceptance of healthy food and at the positioning OFSP on the market in terms of lifestyle and need satisfaction. The results of 255 street interviews confirm that OFSP is widely known. Information reaches people mainly via informal channels (relatives and retailers). Nonadoption is the result of the positioning of OFSP as food for young children and sick people. The OFSP appeals most to the hedonistic and conservative lifestyle segments. Adoption is associated with the perception of OFSP as a source of vitamins that builds up muscles and improves physical appearance and self-fulfillment. While women are typically responsible for domestic tasks, male adopters emphasize the role of OFSP in family health and well-being more than female adopters. This first attempt to understand the marketing of healthy food in Mozambique exposes many similarities between the urban consumers in Maputo and those in developed countries. The results indicate that future marketing should exploit informal channels such as vendors and emphasize its nutritious value for all consumers instead of focusing on mothers and young children.

scholarly journals The factor of a political leader in the formation of the international image of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
G.Zh. Kenzhalina ◽  
◽  
A.M. Kussainova ◽  
L.K. Akhmetzhanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The World ◽  
International Image ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global World

For 30 years of Independence, a positive image of Kazakhstan has already formed in the world. For a third of a century, the country has been systematically and steadily moving towards global goals. Today our country is recognized by the world community, Kazakhstan is among the 50 most developed countries in the world, systematically following the Strategy 2050, the Plan of the Nation “100 concrete steps: a modern state for all”, implementing a number of other programs and projects. The development of any state is impossible outside the global world space. Since the day of gaining independence, our country has consistently strengthened its status and authority in the international arena. In the process of improving the positive experience of state building and strengthening the country’s competitiveness, the modern image of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been formed. It arose and developed on historical, geopolitical, cultural, ethnic, religious, demographic and other grounds. A positive image is important for the well-being and prosperity of our state, and for further strengthening our positions in the world arena. The article examines the role of the subjective factor - the factor of the political leader - in the context of the formation of the international image of Kazakhstan. The role and contribution of the First President - Elbasy N.A. Nazarbayev is evaluated and analyzed in the process of positioning the country in the international arena.

Trade and Inequality: The Role of Vertical Specialization and Outsourcing

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Shelburne
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Vertical Specialization ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Developed Nations

This article considers how the process of outsourcing results in economic changes in factor usage and productivity in developed countries. Some scholars have incorrectly interpreted these observed changes as being the result of biased skilled-labor using technological change. This article examines the size and significance of vertical specialization, and describes how outsourcing contributes to increased inequality in developed nations. The effects of outsourcing on labor market outcomes in the developing world are also explored. The author describes the potential implications and significance of outsourcing services. The major conclusion is that the downward pressure on the wages of the unskilled is likely to continue.

Women, leisure and tourism: self-actualization and empowerment through the production and consumption of experience

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multicultural Perspective

Abstract This book provides a comprehensive discussion of women, leisure, and tourism through the lens of leisure production and consumption, both by women and for women. Specifically, this text includes a multicultural perspective highlighting the unique attributes leisure brings to women, the role of women in leisure entrepreneurship, and the creation of supportive, inclusive environments to enhance female well-being through the examination of these activities in often overlooked populations. The diversity of women's leisure and tourism practices is best perceived through the links between various leisure practices (e.g., sport, outdoor recreation, travel and tourism, learning, crafts, events, and family leisure), as well as an understanding of leisure production and consumption across cultures and life stages. Chapters bring to the forefront many of the challenges inherent in providing and experiencing leisure and tourism that support the diverse needs of women, as well as a look at female innovation that is also often overlooked in leisure research. This multi-disciplinary book includes examples of both applied and conceptual chapters from global perspectives in academic studies, which will be useful for academics and graduate students of tourism, leisure and gender studies.

scholarly journals Managing network responsiveness in emergency preparedness supply chains for safety and security in developed nations

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (34) ◽  
pp. 453-477
Author(s):  
Elvira Kaneberg ◽  
Leif-Magnus Jensen ◽  
Susanne Hertz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Impact

Supply chains can play a major role in reducing countries’ safety and security threats; the role of network responsiveness offers insights into management exchanges responding to the preparedness of developed countries like Sweden. Illustrating the managing of overall supply chain capabilities among network responsiveness stems from the supply chain responsiveness concept. Several challenges to responsiveness prevent actors’ networks from fully benefitting from coordination. A management approach is employed to explore the impact of network responsiveness on the supply chain as an overarching strategy for safety and security. The study suggests three different approaches which differ in their impact on the network’s responsiveness: (i) an overall strategic planning approach, (ii) one integrated system approach for the overall response, and (iii) a coordination approach for managing the overall supply chain responsiveness strategy.

scholarly journals Well-being by Formula? Exploring the Role of Somaesthetics in Making Self-tracking More Sustainable

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 03028
Author(s):  
Xue Wu ◽  
Han-Teng Liao ◽  
Man Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operational Design ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Animal Image

Self-tracking, a phenomenon which dataify individuals’ daily activities and experiences, presents both opportunities and challenges to understand which factors and in what ways may influence individuals’ health status or well-being. Technology can enhance the era of personal happiness and increase social well-being. We hope to provide a design principle and operational design method to promote the well-being consideration of self-tracking products and technologies. In order to propose such principles and methods, it is necessary to first analyze the key factors of happiness in using self-tracking products. This article proposes “The Self-tracking Sustainability Formula”, which includes three elements as information, well-being drives, and material. Such a formula could possibly conceptually explain the components of a self-tracking product with sustainable potential. On this basis, this paper further explores how self-tracking products can positively influence issues such as environmental protection, personnel management, and friendly social relations from the dimensions of “information” and “well-being drives” to form more sustainable. Production and consumption ecology. This paper argues that, in order to enhance such a process of sustainable well-being, we as user researchers and product designers must design better ways of visualizing and interacting with “datafied well-being”. From the citations of dashboards, we draw upon both the principles of Somaesthetics to propose an “avatar” as the central interface component. An avatar, or a humanized animal image, is proposed to provide a more intuitive understanding of one’s physical, emotional, and social well-being, looking forward to helping self-tracking products become more sustainable by considering sustainable design principles and forms in the design process and motivating users to be more willing to accept sustainability Self-tracking products.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Subjective Well-being: a Key of Latin American Development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Beytía
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Developed Nations

This chapter compares the development of Latin American countries with that of traditionally developed nations, based on several international indicators of well-being and sustainability that have emerged in the last decade. It is argued that in Latin America there is a specific type of development, which could be understood as an alternative path to the traditional model of social progress. The key to understand this type of development would be "the efficiency of subjective well-being": people get high happiness and life satisfaction with lower economic, state and environmental costs than in traditionally developed countries. It is suggested that the cohesion and quality of family ties is a key factor to explain this particular form of development: in Latin America the family has a relevant role in social security and at the same time would be important to explain the outstanding levels of subjective well-being.

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