scholarly journals Porównania prototypowe barw w języku polskim

2009 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Magdalena Czachorowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reference ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Linguistic Material

The article describes such comparative structures in the Polish language within which a colour is defined through direct reference to physical features of an object, which becomes a model for this colour. Similar to black and white, which were presented in the previous study, the linguistic material has been based on lexicographical sources that register both the earliest dictionary resources of the Polish language and those showing contemporary lexis. Apart from black and white, the Polish language defines other 10 colours through reference to physical features of an object. They include both primaries’ names, e.g. red, blue, or yellow, and their shades, e.g. pale blue, pink, or ginger.

scholarly journals Ze współczesnej perspektywy o przysłowiach w niemiecko-polskim słowniku K. C. Mrongowiusza z połowy XIX wieku

2007 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Bogusław Nowowiejski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Linguistic Material

In the first part of the article the author justifies a large number of approximately 800 proverbs, in the strict sense of the word, which appear in the third edition of Dokładny niemiecko-polski słownik (Detailed Polish-German dictionary) by Christoph Coelestin Mrongovius from 1854, with didactic pragmatism and other requirements of the nineteenth century lexicographical workshop typical for the then translator dictionaries , including a tendency to serve an edifying purpose. The second part of the article, which is more extensive, includes conclusions coming from the analysis of the linguistic material. They imply that even though a great deal of the analyzed proverbs seem well known as they are a living element of the Polish language from the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a contemporary user of Polish finds many of them not only completely strange and foreign but also archaic. Such a perception is influenced, among the others, by the fact that some proverbs have been completely forgotten for different reasons. Other seem hardly legible in result of their lexical composition, which includes ancient and already forgotten words or their meanings, i.e. dictionary and semantic archaisms; sometimes, past morphological and grammatical forms make a proverb seem strange for contemporary Polish people.

scholarly journals Asymmetries in the perception of other as a function of social position and context

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cabecinhas ◽  
Lígia Amâncio
Keyword(s):  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Black And White ◽  
University Life ◽  
Homogeneity Effect ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Outgroup Homogeneity

In two experiments an adaptation of the paradigm developed by Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff & Ruderman (1978) was used to investigate the impact of contextual factors on the accentuation effect, and asymmetries in the outgroup homogeneity effect as a function of relative group status. In both experiments targets were categorized on the basis of highly salient physical features, which also evoke asymmetric positions in intergroup relations: skin colour in experiment 1 and sex in experiment 2. In experiment 1, with black and white participants, context was manipulated by introducing topics of discussion which were relevant (interethnic relations) or irrelevant (student university life) to the categorization, whereas in experiment 2, with female and male participants, the relevant topic of discussion was dating relationships and the irrelevant one as in the previous experiment. The results show that the accentuation effect was affected by context in experiment 1, but not in experiment 2, and the outgroup homogeneity effect was not symmetrical. Overall, target members of subordinate groups, blacks in experiment 1 and females in experiment 2, were more homogenized than target members of dominant groups, whites in experiment 1 and males in experiment 2.

scholarly journals O zastosowaniu teoretycznych badań konfrontatywnych z językiem pośrednikiem w badaniach polonistycznych

2021 ◽  
pp. 683-694
Author(s):  
Danuta Roszko ◽  
◽  
Roman Roszko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Material

The application of theoretical contrastive analysis using an interlanguage in Polish studies Summary The article presents the methodology of theoretical contrastive analysis using an interlanguage. A parallel contrastive description is facilitated by a semantic interlanguage, which is created prior to work on the linguistic material. The article, based on the example of selected semantic meanings (units) in the category of definiteness / indefiniteness, proves the added value in Polish, which arises simultaneously from the application of theoretical contrastive analysis using an interlanguage and the exploration of the resources of the Polish-Lithuanian Parallel Corpus. The authors perform a projection of clear characteristics of Lithuanian onto Polish, thereby enriching and more precisely defining the description of exponents of the definiteness/indefiniteness semantic category in the Polish language.

scholarly journals Problemy opisu staropolskiej derywacji czasownikowej

LingVaria ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
Slight Amount ◽  
Linguistic Material

PROBLEMS IN THE DESCRIPTION OF OLD POLISH VERBAL DERIVATION The article discusses the problems associated with the description of verbal derivation in the earliest period of the Polish language. The type of linguistic material that was preserved, the slight amount of attestations, the lack of clarity of the context, are all responsible for the appearance of difficulties associated with the word-formative description of verbs already at the level of the separation of linguistic facts, the establishment of the formant that we are dealing with. Even greater problems are associated with the establishment of the semantic value of derivatives, and with the indication of motivation relations. The author considers the extent to which the methodology that was developed upon contemporary material may be used in research of this kind. She also points out the scholarly ‘neglected’ areas of verbal word-formation of this period.

scholarly journals Physical features of the young black-and-white breed and black-and-white x holstein crossbreeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Nail M. Gubaidullin ◽  
Vladimir I. Kosilov ◽  
Igor R. Gazeev ◽  
Maxim B. Rebezov ◽  
Zulfiya A. Galieva
Keyword(s):  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Physical Features

Racial Bias in Perceptions of Size and Strength: The Impact of Stereotypes and Group Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Johnson ◽  
John Paul Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Racial Stereotypes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Real Group ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Impact

Recent research has shown that race can influence perceptions of men’s size and strength. Across two studies (Study 1: N = 1,032, Study 2: N = 303) examining men and women from multiple racial groups (Asian, Black, and White adults), we found that although race does impact judgments of size and strength, raters’ judgments primarily track targets’ objective physical features. In some cases, racial stereotypes actually improved group-level accuracy, as these stereotypes aligned with racial-group differences in size and strength according to nationally representative data. We conclude that individuals primarily rely on individuating information when making physical judgments but do not completely discount racial stereotypes, which reflect a combination of real group-level differences and culturally transmitted beliefs.

scholarly journals Uczniowskie zabawy nazwami dźwięków w polskim języku

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Halina Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Material

Pupils playing with the names of sounds in the Polish languageThe article deals with sound values of the Polish language described with the idea of using them in the teaching of Polish. The author compiles a list of onomatopoeic words — nouns, verbs, interjections and idioms — suggesting ideas for exercises to be used in classroom. Teachers are en­couraged to use the linguistic material provided, rhymes, puns and linguistic jokes, which are some­times unintentional. This will enable them to move from “humour from pupils’ notebooks”, betray­ing the incompetence of not only pupils but also their teachers, to methodical playing with words.

scholarly journals Dlaczego mężczyzna się żeni, a kobieta wychodzi za mąż? (zarys ewolucji pola semantycznego leksemu małżeństwo w języku polskim)

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Ewa Siatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Material

The evolution of semantic field of marriageBased on historical and linguistic material, the article presents the evolution of marriage as institution in Poland from the pagan age until the present day, focusing above all on the function of gender roles ascribed to man and woman in this context. A recent rapid increase in changes can be observed in the Polish language. Some elements of vocabulary semantically associated with marriage have fallen into oblivion; some have been preserved as so-called “historical archaisms”, i.e. words commonly known yet not used; others have changed their meaning or emotional tone (sometimes both). Words of unaltered meaning (alterations in the form were left unexamined as they are not significant for the problems discussed in the article) are relatively few. A study of their environmental and generational frequency both in the past and at present should be conducted, impossible to be included in the article. The article is limited to the presentation of facts, leaving the assessment thereof to the readers.

scholarly journals Dawne polskie intensyfikatory wywodzące się od staroczeskiego "přieliš"

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mitrenga
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Material

Historical Polish Intensifiers Derived from the Old Czech přieliš This article is devoted to a historical-linguistic analysis of the equivalents of the Old Czech přieliš in historical Polish: the words bezlisz, brzezlisz, przelisz, przezlisz and przylisz. The study refers to key findings of researchers about these words, their origins and meaning. On the basis of analysis of linguistic material the author formulates conclusions about word-formation of the equivalents of přieliš in Polish, their frequency in monuments of Polish literature from the Old Polish period to the end of the sixteenth century, their meaning and status in Polish, as well as presumable causes of their disappearance from the language. The paper presents examples that confirm their functioning in monuments of the Polish language, such as Biblia królowej Zofii [Queen Sophia’s Bible] from the mid-fifteenth century and Biblia Jana Leopolity [John Leopolita’s Bible] from 1561, as well as in dictionaries of Polish. The study also considers information about Old Czech and compares parallel verses of Polish and Czech Bible translations. Dawne polskie intensyfikatory wywodzące się od staroczeskiego přieliš Artykuł poświęcony jest historycznojęzykowej analizie odpowiedników staroczeskiego přieliš, czyli wyrazów bezlisz, brzezlisz, przelisz, przezlisz i przy­lisz w dawnej polszczyźnie. Autorka przytacza najważniejsze opinie badaczy o wymienionych wyrazach, ich pochodzeniu i znaczeniu. Na podstawie ana­lizy materiału językowego formułuje wnioski dotyczące budowy słowotwór­czej staroczeskich odpowiedników přieliš w języku polskim, ich frekwencji w zabytkach literatury polskiej od staropolszczyzny do końca XVI w., znaczenia i statusu tych wyrazów w polszczyźnie, a także przypuszczalnych przyczyn ich zaniku. W artykule przedstawiono przykłady potwierdzające funkcjonowanie wspomnianych wyrazów zarówno w zabytkach języka polskiego m.in. w Biblii królowej Zofii z połowy XV w. i Biblii Jana Leopolity z 1561 r., jak i w słowni­kach języka polskiego. Ponadto autorka przywołuje informacje o staroczeskim i porównuje równoległe wersety przekładów Biblii na język polski i czeski.

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