scholarly journals Dlaczego mężczyzna się żeni, a kobieta wychodzi za mąż? (zarys ewolucji pola semantycznego leksemu małżeństwo w języku polskim)

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Ewa Siatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Material

The evolution of semantic field of marriageBased on historical and linguistic material, the article presents the evolution of marriage as institution in Poland from the pagan age until the present day, focusing above all on the function of gender roles ascribed to man and woman in this context. A recent rapid increase in changes can be observed in the Polish language. Some elements of vocabulary semantically associated with marriage have fallen into oblivion; some have been preserved as so-called “historical archaisms”, i.e. words commonly known yet not used; others have changed their meaning or emotional tone (sometimes both). Words of unaltered meaning (alterations in the form were left unexamined as they are not significant for the problems discussed in the article) are relatively few. A study of their environmental and generational frequency both in the past and at present should be conducted, impossible to be included in the article. The article is limited to the presentation of facts, leaving the assessment thereof to the readers.

scholarly journals U źródeł polskiej terminologii logopedycznej. W kierunku badań anagnostycznych

LingVaria ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Ewa Horyń ◽  
Marceli Olma ◽  
Mirosław Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Source Materials

AT THE SOURCES OF POLISH LOGOPEDIC TERMINOLOGY: TOWARDS ANAGNOSTIC RESESARCH The paper is a preliminary presentation of the concept of a research project Diachronic Aspects of Polish Logopedic Terminology, carried out by members of the Department of Polish Language of the Pedagogical University in Cracow. The multiauthored study briefly characterizes the beginnings of speech therapy as an independent scientific discipline, and the directions of its development in the past 50 years. It draws attention to the deficiencies and inconsistencies in the usage and understanding of specialist terms in contemporary logopedics, while setting as the primary goal of the enterprise an attempt to standardize Polish terminology related to speech disorders. The basis for this should be the etymology of the terms in question, as well as excerpts from medical and anatomical lexicons and source materials which employ the vocabulary that became the foundation of the logopedic jargon.

scholarly journals Ze współczesnej perspektywy o przysłowiach w niemiecko-polskim słowniku K. C. Mrongowiusza z połowy XIX wieku

2007 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Bogusław Nowowiejski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Linguistic Material

In the first part of the article the author justifies a large number of approximately 800 proverbs, in the strict sense of the word, which appear in the third edition of Dokładny niemiecko-polski słownik (Detailed Polish-German dictionary) by Christoph Coelestin Mrongovius from 1854, with didactic pragmatism and other requirements of the nineteenth century lexicographical workshop typical for the then translator dictionaries , including a tendency to serve an edifying purpose. The second part of the article, which is more extensive, includes conclusions coming from the analysis of the linguistic material. They imply that even though a great deal of the analyzed proverbs seem well known as they are a living element of the Polish language from the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a contemporary user of Polish finds many of them not only completely strange and foreign but also archaic. Such a perception is influenced, among the others, by the fact that some proverbs have been completely forgotten for different reasons. Other seem hardly legible in result of their lexical composition, which includes ancient and already forgotten words or their meanings, i.e. dictionary and semantic archaisms; sometimes, past morphological and grammatical forms make a proverb seem strange for contemporary Polish people.

scholarly journals Leksem drabant (Act 23,23) w Nowym Testamencie Biblii gdańskiej (1632) w przekładzie Daniela Mikołajewskiego

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
Tomasz Lisowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language

In a verse of Act 23,23 in Biblia gdańska (1632) translated by Daniel Mikołajewski, an equivalent of Greek lexeme δεξιόλαβος ‘probably a spearman or slinger’, the noun drabant is used, which is unique, compared to its counterpart – oszczepnik – in Biblia translated by JakubWujek (1599). It may have been borrowed from the Czech language in the second half of the 16th century. In the Polish language of the time it was not a very widespread lexeme, maybe of erudite nature. It appeared in the text of Biblia gdańska taken from the Czech Biblia kralicka. Among Protestants at that time, as a military term, it could have evoked associations with the religious Hussite Wars. The lexeme drabant survived in the biblical text of the Evangelist circles until the second half of the twentieth century. Given the fact that in that century it was already an archaic word, it was not used in new testament translations which followed the translational tradition of Biblia gdańska. And probably it became fixed in the consciousness of the faithful of Evangelist churches as a memorable reminder of the past. For centuries that lexeme, along with other lexemes characteristic of Biblia gdańska caused lexical distinctiveness of that Evangelist translation compared to the Catholic translation by Jakub Wujek.

Stabilizing or Challenging Patriarchy? Sketches of Selected “New” Political Masculinities

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Myrttinen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
Ways Of Being

Although it has come under multiple attacks and pressures over the past decades, patriarchy has proven itself to be highly resilient and adaptive. However, new ways of “being men” have started to emerge over the past years that at least seemingly question dominant masculinities. I examine here four “new” forms of political masculinities: violently fratriarchal masculinities, “softer” militarized masculinities of peacekeepers, the less violent masculinities promoted by global antidomestic violence campaigns, and lastly what I term the “He4She” masculinities of international political actors. These four manifestations of political masculinities underscore on the transitional and temporal nature of gender roles and identities. All have arisen out of political and social transitions in which previously dominant notions of masculinity have been challenged. These changes, however, do not necessarily mean an end to patriarchy. Indeed, the new somewhat more egalitarian masculinities may serve to shore up and stabilize patriarchy.

Screening the East, Probing the Past: The Baltic Sea in Contemporary German Cinema

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ludewig
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
German Cinema ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Artistic Heritage

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, unification, and the subsequent reinventionof the nation, German filmmakers have revisited theircountry’s cinematic traditions with a view to placing themselves creativelyin the tradition of its intellectual and artistic heritage. One ofthe legacies that has served as a point of a new departure has beenthe Heimatfilm, or homeland film. As a genre it is renowned for itsrestorative stance, as it often features dialect and the renunciation ofcurrent topicality, advocates traditional gender roles, has antimodernovertones of rural, pastoral, often alpine, images, and expressesa longing for premodern times, for “the good old days” that supposedlystill exist away from the urban centres. The Nazis used Heimatfilms in an effort “to idealize ‘Bauerntum’ as the site of desirable traditionsand stereotyped the foreign (most often the urban) as thebreeding ground for moral decay.”

English in its socio-historical context

English Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
J. M. Hernández-Campoy
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Empirical Validity ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Material

Since Romaine's (1982) pioneering work, historical sociolinguistics has been studying the relationships between language and society in its socio-historical context by focusing on the study of language variation and change with the use of variationist methods. Work on this interdisciplinary sub-field subsisting on sociology, history and linguistics is expanding, as shown, for example, by Milroy (1992), Nevalainen & Raumolin-Brunberg (1996; 2003), Ammon, Mattheier & Nelde (1999), Jahr (1999), Kastovsky & Mettinger (2000), Bergs (2005), Conde-Silvestre (2007), Trudgill (2010), or Hernández-Campoy & Conde-Silvestre (2012). These works have been elucidating the theoretical limits of the discipline and applying the tenets and findings of contemporary sociolinguistic research to the interpretation of linguistic material from the past. Yet in the course of this development historical sociolinguistics has sometimes been criticised for lack of representativeness and its empirical validity has occasionally been questioned. Fortunately, in parallel to the development of electronic corpora, the assistance of corpus linguistics and social history has conferred ‘empirical’ ease and ‘historical’ confidence on the discipline.

The PATH/LINK schema in Past-Simple vs. Present-Perfect English TA-expressions contrasted with Polish versions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-356
Author(s):  
Dorota Chłopek
Keyword(s):  
English Text ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language

The aim of this paper, which has an explanatory character, is to present the English perfective (past) TA-construction vs. the present-perfect TA-construction by means of image schemas of PATH and LINK, respectively, since the said constructions pose a contrast that is absent from the Polish language. Five examples of English text are juxtaposed with two Polish versions for comparison of how the two English constructions can be instantiated in Polish, the lexical means used in the Polish versions vary. Hence Polish learners of English are encouraged herein to look for hints which will sensitize them to the usage of the past-simple construction vs. the present-perfect construction, in association with the semantic schemas of PATH and LINK in relation to said grammar constructions.

Cookbooks as Historical Documents

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Albala
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
World View ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnicity And Race

Historians use cookbooks as primary source documents in much the same way they use any written record of the past. A primary source is a text written by someone in the past, rather than a secondary source which is commentary by a historian upon the primary sources. As with any document, the historian must attempt to answer five basic questions of provenance and purpose if possible. Who wrote the cookbook? What was the intended audience? Where was it produced and when? Why was it written? There are ways the historian can read between the lines of the recipes, so to speak to answer questions that are not directly related to cooking or material culture but may deal with gender roles, issues of class, ethnicity and race. Even topics such as politics, religion and world view are revealed in the commentary found in cookbooks and sometimes embedded in what appears to be a simple recipe. The most valuable of cookbooks and related culinary texts also reveal what we might call complete food ideologies.

scholarly journals Język ojczysty — zaniedbany obszar wychowania

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Górnikowska-Zwolak
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Language ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language

The author approaches native languages from the pedagogical point of view, perceiving language as an invisible environment of the upbringing of youths. She indicates the value of the national language in the past as well as currently in the period of globalization, she draws attention to the necessity to protect it and the importance of the Act on the Protection of the Polish Language introduced (1999) with this aim in mind. Analyzing current linguistic modes she gives many examples of carelessness and infringements of the principles of the use of the native language. She points out that respect for the language used is an element of good upbringing. An additional element of the discussion is the expression in the language of the oppression of women, so-called linguistic sexism. The article ends with a demonstration of examples of good practice — activities promoting linguistic culture, including language sensitive to gender issues (inclusive).

scholarly journals On dialectical peculiarities of the Yakut traditional game “hayakh khostohor”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
E. Nikolaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Fermented Fish ◽  
Traditional Game ◽  
Linguistic Material

The article considers the dialectical unit of the lexico-thematic group, which is of interest for study as a linguistic object in integration with materials on the traditional culture and life of the Yakuts. In the article, the author conducts a linguoculturological interpretation of the semantics of the name of the game. The relevance of the topic is because the lexico-thematic group «Dialectical names of Yakut traditional children’s games» had not previously been subjected to special study as a linguistic object. The aim of the study is to identify the dialectical features of the semantic field of the name of the Yakut traditional game “hayakh khostohor”. Research tasks: to reveal the dialectical nature of the semantics of the name of the game; to determine the semantic connection between general Yakut and dialect in the name of the game. The material for the research was bilingual explanatory dictionaries of the Yakut language, records of reports of complex expeditions of the early 20th century. The research used the following methods: linguoculturological analysis of the semantic structure of the lexeme; descriptive analysis using techniques for interpreting linguistic material. To identify semantics, the method of semantic identification is used. As a result, the dialect aspect of the semantic field of the name of the game “hayakh khostohor” was revealed. In the game, hayakh is used in two meanings: 1) “fermented fish”, the source of which is mainly the Vilyui dialect zone; 2) the title of the game defines the semantic connection of the dialect lexeme hayakh “fermented fish” with the general Yakut lexeme hayakh ‘oil’. A playful imitation of everyday life is a representation of two traditional occupations of the Yakuts (Sakha): cattle breeding – as a heritage from the ancient Turkic layer of vocabulary of cattle-breeding culture and fishing – as the creation of a northern Turkic (Yakut) gastronomic culture

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