scholarly journals Nietzsche i Kierkegaard – wspólna wizja nowożytnego podmiotu

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 94-111
Author(s):  
Michał Krot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Modern Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
New Look

The task of this work is to make a comparison of subjectivity in the philosophy of Frederic Nietzsche and Soren Kierkegaard in the context of modern metaphysics. It turns out that despite the fact that our XIX century philosophers were trying to go beyond the definition of modern subject by using two separate methods, their thought is marked with similar assumption. It is natural that their projects did not succeed in breaking down the modern metaphysics, but instead it resulted in bringing to an end the possibilities that these metaphysics enabled. This end means a radical defining of a subject as the one who "came out of Matrix" - he is no longer obliged to follow any outside rules. He invents the rules on his own and no one can have an authority over his deeds. Following further consideration it turns out that similarity of two titular philosophers is a solidly grounded thesis and a reference of these conclusions to metaphysics enables us to take up a new look at the shape of modern times. As a result a new philosophy is possible: it is a philosophy which doesn't consider a superman or knight of faith as a culmination of it's thinking, but as a beginning of it.

The Nature of Ususfructus

1946 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Kopel Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Opening Statements ◽  
In Virtue Of

No satisfactory definition of Dominium in Roman Law has yet been achieved. Amongst English writers Austin many years ago found great difficulty in this question while in modern times Professor Buckland has written ‘it is thus difficult to define Dominium precisely.’ Again, Poste, dealing with Gaius' discussion of dominium, says that his opening statements are ‘deplorably confused.’ These examples are enough to indicate the condition, of uncertainty which prevails. In my submission this uncertainty exists mainly because the conception of ususfructus has never yet been explained adequately. Of Possessio it has been said ‘the definition of Possessio to give the results outlined is a matter of great difficulty. No perfectly correct solution may be possible,’ and this statement is generally accepted as a correct assessment of the present position in juristic literature. But here, too, in my opinion, the reason is again connected with usufruct, for the possessio of the usufructuary has not yet been adequately determined. Gaius (2.93) tells us ‘usufructuarius vero usucapere non potest; primuum quod non possidet, sed habet ius utendi et fruendi.’ Ulpian holds that he had possessio in fact (‘Naturaliter videtur possidere is qui usum fructum habet’ D.41.2.12). On this subject Roby says ‘the fructuary was not strictly a possessor and therefore if he was deprived from enjoying he had not a claim to the original interdict de vi but in virtue of his quasi-possessio a special interdict was granted him.’ Austin saw difficulty in the whole problem of possessio. He wrote ‘by Savigny in his treatise on possessio it is remarked that the possessio of a right of usufruct … resembles the possessio of a thing, by the proprietor, or by an adverse possessor exercising rights of property over the thing. And that a disturbance of the one possession resembles the disturbance of the other. Now this must happen for the reason I have already stated:—namely, that the right of usufruct or user, like that of property, is indefinite in point of user. For what is possession (meaning legal possession not mere physical handling of the subject) but the exercise of a right ?’

Furcht und Freude in der Bibel: Emotionale Ambivalenz im Lichte der Religionspsychologie

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
Gerd Theissen
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Emotional Ambivalence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Conditio Humana ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

It is a modern conviction that religion and emotion belong together. It would be an anachronism to presuppose a priori such a connection in pre-modern times. The article shows that the definition of religious experience as mysterium fascinosum et tremendum (R.Otto) is not anachronistic. Biblical texts express an emotional ambivalence of fear and joy when speaking on God. On the one hand, we may explain this ambivalence with the help of evolutionary psychology as part of the universal conditio humana; on the other hand, fear and joy are culturally and historically conditioned. The article gives a sketch of the history and diversity of these emotions in biblical texts and underlines the connection between emotions and rituals.

scholarly journals Las rectorías parroquiales en la ciudad de Córdoba durante el Antiguo Régimen: acercamiento a la cuestión

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-286
Author(s):  
Fernando Rodríguez-Trenas
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Pastoral Work ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Lower Stratum ◽  
Definite Form ◽  
Real Effort ◽  
Small Nucleus ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

ResumenSi poco estudiado ha sido el estrato más bajo del clero en la ciudad de Córdoba, el pequeño núcleo que formaban los rectores parroquiales aún menos. Estas rectorías, de importancia supina para la labor pastoral y la administración de sacramentos, parecen no tener una forma definida durante la época moderna en Córdoba. La cuestión de su definición es el objeto de este artículo, para lo que se han consultado las constituciones sinodales de la diócesis, así como diversa información de archivo. Su carácter beneficial o no, así como la concesión de la cura animarum centran el debate. La adaptación al modelo tridentino de rectoría parroquial exigió un verdadero esfuerzo para la administración diocesana, que debió lidiar con las reticencias y alegaciones de una empoderada Universidad de Beneficiados que se había aprovechado de la indefinición de este cargo en la ciudad de Córdoba. Por ello, se destaca un punto de inflexión en esta situación en 1648, cuando el obispo Pimentel, animado desde Roma, plantea un modelo de patronato para estas rectorías que permitan la manutención de sus titulares sin el perjuicio de modificar cualquier reparto del diezmo parroquial, que hubiera supuesto una mayor oposición a la que ya hubo durante un siglo después.AbstractIf little studied has been the lower stratum of the clergy in the city of Córdoba, the small nucleus that made up the parish rectors even less. These rectories, of supine importance for pastoral work and the administration of the sacraments, seem to have no definite form during modern times in Córdoba. The question of its definition is the object of this article, for which the synodical constitutions of the diocese has been consulted, as well as various archival information. Its beneficial nature or not, as well as the granting of the cura animarum center the debate. The adaptation to the Tridentine model of parish rectory required a real effort from the diocesan administration, which had to deal with the reluctance and allegations of an empowered Universidad de Beneficiados, that had taken advantage of the lack of definition of this position in the city of Córdoba. For this reason, a turning point in this situation stands out in 1648, when the bishop fray Domingo Pimentel, encouraged from Rome, proposed a model of patronage for these rectories that would allow the maintenance of their holders without the detriment of modifying any distribution of the parish tithe, that it would have supposed a greater opposition to the one that already existed during a century later.

Heroic Materialism

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Lienhard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Napoleon Bonaparte ◽  
Gothic Cathedral ◽  
The World ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

When Kenneth Clark wrote the concluding section of his magnificent thirteen-part television series, Civilisation, he gave it the title “Heroic Materialism.” The series had been based on Clark’s definition of civilization. Each part displayed an epoch of Western history marked by particular creative energy. Clark finished by showing how, in the early days of the nineteenth century, engineers began building a new world of cast iron—a man-made material world of heroic proportions. Clark’s title was a wry and masterful bit of misdirection, just as the great works he described have also misdirected our attention. If he had used the term heroic materialism to describe medieval cathedrals instead of the great engineering works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, we might have balked. When we look at a Gothic cathedral we see not cold, material stone, but a flight of the human spirit. We see mind rising over matter. However, our first reaction is to accept Clark’s seeming claim that nineteenth-century iron was merely materialistic. It is a characterization that makes sense to us. But once he has shown the stereotypical view of things, Clark begins steering us in unexpected directions. He shows how all that heroic iron triggered a new spirit of social reform. By the end of the nineteenth century, Victorian iron had even played a role in bringing art back from heroic themes to the humanizing influence of the Impressionist artists. That should be no surprise since, as we have already stressed, machines relate directly and intimately to essential human needs, and they have always been an equalizing force in society. By the 1930s the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier was proclaiming machinery and craftsmanship to be the one truth in a world full of lies: “Machines are truly humane, but we do not know machines.” He cried, “The world lacks harmonisers to make palpable the humane beauty of modern times.” In this chapter we look at the machine as a heroic figure, and what we see is a progression from megalomania to humanization—from the obsessiveness of Napoleon Bonaparte to the world-unifying effort to go into space.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

CRYPTOCURRENCY PHENOMENON IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Артур Анатолійович Василенко
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
State University ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Graduate Student ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

UDC 336.74   Vasylenko Artur, post-graduate student. Mariupol State University. Cryptocurrency Phenomenon in the International Monetary System. The main prerequisites of cryptocurrency emergence in the international monetary system in terms of regionalization of the world economy are defined in the article. Determination of «cryptocurrency» category was analysed from the point of two main approaches to its treatment: on the one hand cryptocurrency is admitted to be the currency equally to the sovereign currency, and on the other hand it is considered as an unrecognized virtual asset. The main consequences which arise in case of widespread use of crypto currency for the country and for the parties that agreed to use cryptocurrency were analysed and systematized. On the basis of the research, given the current trends in the world economy, the author put forward and substantiated the hypothesis to classify the phenomenon of cryptocurrency as the effects of a famous philosophical «Negation of negation law» formulated by G. Hegel at the beginning of the XIX century.   Keywords: cryptocurrency, material money, electronic money, digital currency, regional currency integration, blockchain, mining, capitalization, «Negation of negation law».

La otredad: ¿real o inventada? El caso de las brujas

1999 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Elia Nathan Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Empirical Content ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. On the one hand, it offers a general analysis of stigmas (a person has one when, in virtue of its belonging to a certain group, such as that of women, homosexuals, etc., he or she is subjugated or persecuted). On the other hand, I argue that stigmas are “invented”. More precisely, I claim that they are not descriptive of real inequalities. Rather, they are socially created, or invented in a lax sense, in so far as the real differences to which they refer are socially valued or construed as negative, and used to justify social inequalities (that is, the placing of a person in the lower positions within an economic, cultural, etc., hierarchy), or persecutions. Finally, I argue that in some cases, such as that of the witch persecution of the early modern times, we find the extreme situation in which a stigma was invented in the strict sense of the word, that is, it does not have any empirical content.

Democracy and Political Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social System ◽  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

This book is an examination of Britain as a democratic society; what it means to describe it as such; and how we can attempt such an examination. The book does this via a number of ‘case-studies’ which approach the subject in different ways: J.M. Keynes and his analysis of British social structures; the political career of Harold Nicolson and his understanding of democratic politics; the novels of A.J. Cronin, especially The Citadel, and what they tell us about the definition of democracy in the interwar years. The book also investigates the evolution of the British party political system until the present day and attempts to suggest why it has become so apparently unstable. There are also two chapters on sport as representative of the British social system as a whole as well as the ways in which the British influenced the sporting systems of other countries. The book has a marked comparative theme, including one chapter which compares British and Australian political cultures and which shows British democracy in a somewhat different light from the one usually shone on it. The concluding chapter brings together the overall argument.

An LQ Approach to Active Control of Vibrations in Helicopters

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bittanti ◽  
Fabrizio Lorito ◽  
Silvia Strada
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Lq Optimal Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

In this paper, Linear Quadratic (LQ) optimal control concepts are applied for the active control of vibrations in helicopters. The study is based on an identified dynamic model of the rotor. The vibration effect is captured by suitably augmenting the state vector of the rotor model. Then, Kalman filtering concepts can be used to obtain a real-time estimate of the vibration, which is then fed back to form a suitable compensation signal. This design rationale is derived here starting from a rigorous problem position in an optimal control context. Among other things, this calls for a suitable definition of the performance index, of nonstandard type. The application of these ideas to a test helicopter, by means of computer simulations, shows good performances both in terms of disturbance rejection effectiveness and control effort limitation. The performance of the obtained controller is compared with the one achievable by the so called Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) approach, well known within the helicopter community.

scholarly journals Beyond Classical Definition: The Non-definition of Gamification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario S. Staller ◽  
Swen Koerner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anchor Points ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Game Elements

AbstractGamification is regularly defined as the use of game elements in non-gaming contexts. However, discussions in the context of the pedagogical value of gamification suggest controversies on various levels. While on the one hand, the potential is seen in the design of joyful learning environments, critics point out the pedagogical dangers or the problems related to optimizing working life. It becomes apparent that the assumptions guiding action on the subject matter of gamification in educational contexts differ, which leads to different derivations for pedagogical practice—but also allows for different perspectives on initially controversial positions. Being aware of these assumptions is the claim of a reflexive pedagogy. With regard to the pedagogical use of gamifying elements and their empirical investigation, there are three main anchor points to consider from a reflexive stance: (a) the high context-specificity of the teaching undertaken and (b) the (non-)visibility of the design elements and (c) the (non-)acceptance of the gamified elements by the students. We start by providing a discussion of the definitional discourse on what is understood as gamification leading to our argument for a non-definition of gamification. We describe the potential of this non-definition of gamification and exemplify its use in a gamified concept of teaching police recruits professional reflexivity. The concept features the narrative of a potential crime that has been undertaken and that students decide for themselves if they want to engage with it.

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