Raw Secondary Metabolites of Chitosan-enriched Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 to Control Corn Sheath Blight

Corn is a strategic cereal with economic value and always face the corn sheath blight in the field. An alternative safely and environmentally friendly disease control is the use of biological agent Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 that produced raw secondary metabolites. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of chitosan enriched P. fluorescens P60 raw secondary metabolites against leaf blight and to determine the effect on the growth of maize. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection and Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. In vitro test used a completely randomized design and in planta test used a randomized block design consisted of four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of control and the secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 enriched with chitosan 1, 2, and 3%. Variables observed were inhibition ability, chitinase and protease analysis qualitatively, incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, AUDPC, crop height, crop fresh weight, and root fresh weight. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 enriched with chitosan 3% was effective in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani as 63.3%, produced chitinase and protease, and could control the disease by delaying the incubation period as 79.05%, lowering the disease intensity as 68.68%, lowering the infection rate as 100%, and lowering AUDPC as 83.32%. The secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 enriched with chitosan 3% was effective in improving plant growth by increasing plant fresh weight as 33.9% and root fresh weight as 43.09% compared to control. Chitosan could be used for improving effectiveness of antagonistic bacteria raw secondary metabolites. The raw secondary metabolites of bacterial antagonists could be improved their effectiveness against plant diseases by enrichment of chitosan.

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Uji Efektivitas Rizobakteria Dalam Menghambat Perkembangan Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.) Pada Padi Secara In Vitro

EnviroScienteae ◽

10.20527/es.v16i1.8999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Hanisa Desy Ariani ◽

Noor Aidawati ◽

Dewi Arika Adriani

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Block Design ◽

Sheath Blight ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Sheath Blight Disease ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Blight Disease

One of the causes of the declining productivity of rice is sheath blight disease caused by the mold Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Control of sheath blight disease that is often done by the farmers is by using chemical pesticides (fungicides), which caused environmental problems. One way to reduce the use of pesticides is to biological control by using antagonist bacteria. This study aimed at in vitro test of rhizobacteria in preventing the development of sheath blight disease in rice plants. This research was conducted in the Phytopathology laboratory of Plant Protection Department of Faculty Agriculture, University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru from March to May 2018. The experiment used a randomized block design with three groups consisting of eight types of rhizobacteria isolates: (r1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala), (r2) Bacillus megaterium (Hulu Sungai Tengah), (r3) Azotobacter sp. (Barito Kuala), (r4) Pseudomonas sp. (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r5) Flavobacterium sp. (Tanah Laut), (r6) Bacillus bodius (Barito Kuala), (r7) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r8) Necercia sp. (Tanah Laut). The results showed that all rhizobacteria have the ability to inhibit the development of R. solani with different percentages of inhibitions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala) was the most effective rhizobacteria in inhibiting the development of R. solani.

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APPLICATION OF RAW SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM TWO ISOLATES OF Trichoderma harzianum AGAINST ANTHRACNOSE ON RED CHILI PEPPER IN THE FIELD

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.12019-27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Endang Mugiastuti ◽

Agus Suyanto ◽

Ruth Feti Rahayuniati

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Yield Components ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Pepper Plants

Anthracnose on red chili pepper is one of the highly damaging diseases that difficult to control bypesticides. This study aimed to determine the effect of raw secondary metabolites isolated from two isolates of Trichodermaharzianum towards anthracnose as well as the growth and yield of red chili pepper plants in the field. The research used arandomized block design with five treatments and seven replicates. The treatments tested were control, raw secondarymetabolites of T. harzianum T10 and T213, and their combination. The observed variables were incubation period, diseaseintensity, the late population density of T. harzianum, plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight of the plant and root,flowering time, number of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruit, and phenolic compound content analysis. The result showedthat the raw secondary metabolites from the combination of the two T. harzianum isolates were the best treatments that couldlengthen the incubation period and decrease the disease intensity as 30.2 and 87.05%, respectively. However, these applicationscould not increase the growth components; while for the yield components, the application could improve the number of fruitsper plant and fresh weight of fruit as 15.33 and 34.53%, respectively.

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Raw Secondary Metabolites Application of Two Trichoderma harzianum Isolates towards Vascular Streak Dieback on Cocoa Seedlings

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i1.346 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Endang Mugiastuti ◽

Abdul Manan

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Height ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Cocoa Seedlings

Vascular streak dieback is an important disease on cocoa that recently is still difficult to control. This research aimed to study the raw secondary metabo- lites application effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum T10 and T213, or their combination to vascular streak dieback and its effect on growth and on phenolic compound of cocoa seedlings. Randomized block design was used with nine replicates. The treatments were control, secondary metabolites of T. harzianumT10 and T213, their combination and fungicide with active ingredient of phosphic acid. Variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, plant height, number of leaves, wieght of fresh and dry plants, weight of fresh and dry roots, roots length, and phenolic compound. Result of the research showed that the raw secondary metabolites of T. harzianum T10 could suppress the disease inten- sity and delay the incubation period as 62.17 and 24.97%, respectively. The raw secondary metabolites of T. harzianum T213 and T10 combination could increase plant height 36.21%, number of leaves 19.07%, fresh weight of plant 20.6%, dry weight of plant 17.5%, fresh weight roots 27%, dry weight of root 34.36%, and roots length 21.30%. All raw secondary metabolites of T. harzianum were able to increase phenolic compounds (saponins, tannins, and glycosides) qualitatively of cocoa seedlings.

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POTENSI AGENSIA HAYATI DAN NABATI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK RIMPANG JAHE

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.1550-57 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Sudarmono Sudarmono ◽

Nur Prihatiningsih ◽

Abdul Manan ◽

Endang Iriani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Block Design ◽

Central Java ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ginger Rhizome ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Central Java Province ◽

Rhizome Rot

Potency of biological and botanical agents in controlling ginger rhizome rot. Research aimed at knowing integrity of various control agents in controlling causal agent of ginger rhizome rot. The research was carried out at Gowak Village, Pringsurat District, Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province, from November up to May 2004. Randomized Block Design was used with treatments of biological (Bacillus sp. with density of x  1010 cfu ml-1 suspension and Trichoderma harzianum 20 g crop-1), of botanical (clove leaves powder of 20 g crop-1 and neem seeds extract of 25 ml crop-1), and synthetical agents (benomil with concentration of 2 g l-1) either alone or in combination, with three replicates. Variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, number of leaves per crop, crop height, and ginger production per hectare. Result of the research showed that the location was endemic of the disease. The treatments could generally retard the incubation period and the infection rate, decrease the disease intensity, and increase the ginger production. The highest ginger yield was obtained from the plot given Trichoderma harzianum (Trikonis), either alone or in combination with the dry clove leaves of 10 g crop-1 as many as four times with interval of seven days started from seedling planted.

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PENEKANAN HAYATI PENYAKIT MOLER PADA BAWANG MERAH DENGAN TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM, TRICHODERMA KONINGII, DAN PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS P60

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.1753-61 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Suprapto Edy Santoso ◽

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Totok Agung Dwi Haryanto

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Block Design ◽

Research Result ◽

Pathogen Population ◽

Trichoderma Koningii ◽

Spraying Method ◽

Plot Design

Biological Suppression of Moler Disease on Shallot by Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, and Pseudomonas fluorescens P60. Research aiming for (1) knowing efectivity of biological suppression with T. harzianum, T. koningii, and P. fluorescens P60 and (2) studying growth and production of shallot caused by the suppression carried out at the shallot farm. Split-Split Plot Design arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design was used with three replicates. The research result showed that P. fluorescens P60 was the most effective antagonistic agent to suppress the disease either alone or in combination while T. harzianumi and T. koningii did not suppress effectively. Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 could suppress the disease up to 41.96%. The best method of P. fluorescens P60 application was spraying method for 10 mL with 107 cfu/mL population density, which was able to dicrease incubation period, disease intensity, and final pathogen population up to 62.46, 18.19, and 80.67%, respectively. Growth and production of the crop tended to increase resulted from biological suppression by P. fluorescens P60, but not by T. harzianum nor T. koningii.

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EKSPLORASI DAN UJI VIRULENSI BAKTERI Bacillus sp. ENDOFIT JAGUNG TERHADAP PENYAKIT BUSUK PELEPAH JAGUNG

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.22.2.70-78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Arum Saputri ◽

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Abu Umayah ◽

Agus Sarjito

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Block Design ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

In Planta ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design

[EXPLORATION AND VIRULENT TEST OF MAIZE ENDOPHYTE Bacillus sp. AGAINST MAIZE SHEATH BLIGHT]. Capability of endophytic bacterial, effectivity, and its effect on R. solani. and on maize seedlings growth were investigated from April 2018 to January 2019. Exploration of endophytes bacteria in maize was taken from Banyumas Regency (Sumbang, Kembaran, Baturraden) and Purbalingga Regency (Padamara, Bojongsari, Pratin). Taking plant samples using Purposive Random Sampling and Diagonal Sampling methods. Completely randomized design was used in in vitro test with 16 treatments repeated twice. Completely randomized block design was used in in planta experiment with 5 treatments repeated 5 times. The treatment consisted of control, fungiside (mankozeb), and 2 isolates of endophytes bacteria performing the best in vitro result. Variables observed included characteristics of endophytic bacteria and pathogenic fungi, inhibition diameter, incubation period, disease intensity, incidence of disease, AUDPC, plant height, leaf number, root length, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and root fresh weight. Resultshowed that the exploration obtained 15 endophytic Bacillus sp. isolates. The PD A.4 and BK A.1 isolates werw able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi in-vitro by 56.93 and 51.5%, respectively. The soaking treatment using BK A1 was able to reduce disease intensity by 59.377%, and AUDPC value 34.19%. Endophytic bacteria influence plant height, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and fresh weight of roots respectively as 89.17 cm, 126.06 g, 106.67 g and 19.4 g.

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Potential of Trichoderma spp. Secondary Metabolite in Controlling Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) on Cacao Seedlings

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2017.p57-66 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rita Harni ◽

Widi Amaria ◽

Syafaruddin Syafaruddin ◽

Anis Herliyati Mahsunah

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dieback Disease ◽

Number Of Leaves

Trichoderma spp. is a beneficial microbe that produces bioactive molecules (secondary metabolites) containing antibiotics, enzymes, hormones, as well as toxins, which play an important role in plant diseases biocontrol. The research aimed to determine the potential of secondary metabolite Trichoderma spp. to control vascular streak dieback disease in cacao seedlings. The research was conducted in Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) and farmers' garden in Balubus village, Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatera, from April to August 2016. The research used a complete randomized design of 7 treatments using 5 replications, each treatment with 5 plants. The treatment was a secondary metabolite of T. virens LP1, T. hamatum LP2, T. amazonicum LP3, T. atroviride JB2, and T. viride PRD, control (no secondary metabolite), and chemical fungicide as comparison. The 3 months old cacao seedlings were treated with secondary metabolite of Trichoderma spp. by spraying the metabolite suspension throughout the leaf surface. The secondary metabolite applied once a week for 6 times. C. theobromae inoculation was conducted naturally by placing cacao seedlings under a cacao tree infected with VSD. Observations were incubation period, VSD intensity, and growth of cacao seedlings. The results showed that secondary metabolites potentially utilized for controlling VSD in cacao seedlings. The most potential secondary metabolites are T. amazonicum LP3 and T. virens LP1 with respective disease suppression up to 81.8% and 63.2% or higher than and equivalent chemical fungicide (63.6%), and can increase plants height, number of leaves, and girth diameter.

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Involvement of secondary metabolites and extracellular lytic enzymes produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens in inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight pathogen

Microbiological Research ◽

10.1016/j.micres.2004.01.005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 159 (1) ◽

pp. 73-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

M. Nagarajkumar ◽

R. Bhaskaran ◽

R. Velazhahan

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Sheath Blight ◽

Rice Sheath Blight ◽

Lytic Enzymes

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Endophytic bacteria associated with rice roots from suboptimal land as plant growth promoters

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Prihatiningsih ◽

HERU ADI DJATMIKO ◽

PUJI LESTARI

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Rice Roots ◽

Plant Growth Promoters ◽

Promote Plant Growth

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Djatmiko HA, Lestari P. 2021. Endophytic bacteria associated with rice roots from suboptimal land as plant growth promoters. Biodiversitas 22: 432-437. Endophytic bacteria directly promoted plant growth and undirectly control the pathogens. This research was aimed to evaluate endophytic bacteria associated with rice root and their activity to promote plant growth and to control rice diseases. The study was conducted at the Laboratorium of Plant Protection and experimental farm Faculty of Agriculture Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2020. The endophytic bacterial from suboptimal land were evaluated for promoting plant growth with soaking seed before seedling and spraying them at 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting. The experiment was arranged with six replications and four treatments namely control (untreated endophytic bacteria) SM1 (endophytic bacteria isolate from Somagede); SB1 and SB3 (from Sumbang). Xanthomonas oyzae pv. oryzae was nature inoculation because the experiment location is in the endemic category of bacterial leaf blight. The variables observed were the plant growth components i.e plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate and effectiveness control. The result of this research shows that endophytic bacteria from Somagede (SM1) is the best to enhance plant height and number of tillers, and suppress disease intensity, and delay of incubation period.

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CROSS APPLICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI RAW SECONDARY METABOLITES FOR CONTROLLING FUSARIUM WILT OF CHILI SEEDLINGS

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/jhptt.22182-90 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 82-90

Author(s):

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Lintang Yunita Sari ◽

Endang Mugiastuti ◽

Abdul Manan

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Height ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Planta

Cross application of entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites for controlling fusarium wilt of chili seedlings. Theresearch aimed to determine the effect of entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites on fusarium wilt on chili plants and on growth of chili. In vitro test used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicate and in planta using a Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 5 replicatie including control, secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, Metarhizium anisopliae M16, dan Lecanicillium lecanii L16. Variables observed included inhibition ability, incubation period, desease intensity, plant height, root length, and phenolic compounds (tannins, saponin, and hydroquinone) content qualitatively. The results showed that secondary metabolites of B. bassiana B10, B. bassiana B16, M. anisopliae M16, and L. lecanii L16 were able to inhibit growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici by 50.62; 50,64; 48,62; 56.62%, respectively, extend incubation periods of 71.05; 73,38; 64.89; and 68.57%, respectively, suppress disease intensity by 99.99; 99.99; 99.99; and 99.99%, respectively, can increase plant height by 15.22; 18.8; 21.14; 21.69%, respectively, increasing the root length by 22.61; 25,71; 26,34; 33.50%, respectively, and can increase the content of tannins, saponins and hydroquinone compounds qualitatively compared to controls. The secondary metabolites of enthomopathogenic fungi could be used as organic control for soilborne pathogenic fungi.

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