scholarly journals The Mitotic Index of Cajanus cajan from Kisar Island, in the Southwest of Maluku

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Kristin Sangur ◽  
Alwi Smith ◽  
Meike Tomasoa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Carnoy’S Solution ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Roots

The mitotic index of the roots of pigeon pea can be the basis for determining the growth of pigeon pea. The purpose of this research was to determine the time of root cell division, to observe the mitotic phases, and to determine the mitotic index of pigeon pea root cells. The preparation of the pigeon pea was carried out for 4 days to grow the roots. The roots were cut off at 08.00, 08.15, and 08.30 WIT (Eastern Indonesian Time). The roots were cut 0.5-1cm. Carnoy’s solution was used as the fixative solution using the Squash technique. The prepared roots were then observed using an Olympus cx-22 microscope and an OptiLab camera with a magnification of 100x40. The data were descriptively analyzed to describe the images of mitotic phases and the mitotic index presentation in the root cells of pigeon pea. The results of this research showed that the cell division of the pigeon pea roots began at 08.00 WIT, which was marked by the presence of a lot of prophase. The next phases that appeared were prometaphase, metaphase, and anaphase which occurred from 08.15 to 08.30 with different numbers. The highest mitotic index occurred at 08.15, when most of the root cells underwent metaphase. This study succeeded in revealing that the optimum time for pigeon pea root cell division is 08.15 WIT. In the future, this research can help pigeon pea farmers in Southwest of Maluku to carry out vegetative reproduction which is closely related to this mitotic study.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PURPLE LETTUCE AQUEOUS EXTRACT IN CYTOGENETICS ACTIVITY OF LETTUCE ROOT UNDER SALT STRESS

Vivências ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Cristiane Deuner ◽  
Alison Munhos ◽  
Vera Lúcia Bobrowski ◽  
Sidnei Deuner ◽  
Andréia da Silva Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Chromosome Stickiness

Salinity can affect cell division and cause chromosomal abnormalities such as the formation of micronuclei, chromosome stickiness, c-mitosis and multipolar anaphases. Plants react to salt stress with morphological, biochemical, physiological, cellular and molecular adjustments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different leaf extract concentrations of purple lettuce on the cytogenetic activity of lettuce roots, cv. Regina, from seeds subjected to salt stress. Four extract concentrations of purple lettuce (0, 50, 100 and 150 g lettuce leaves L-1 water)and five concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM) were tested, constituting 20 treatments, with distilled water for a negative control. The analyses were of mitotic index (MI), phase index of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase) and the presence of chromosomal aberrations. Salt reduces the mitotic index and all index phases of the lettuce roots. The purple lettuce extract does not affect the mitotic index, reduces the cell index in prophase and increases the cells in telophase of lettuce roots. The purple lettuce extract and salt cause chromosomal abnormalities in lettuce root cells; however, a smaller number of mutations is found by applying 100 g L-1 extract.

Arrest of mitosis in roots by oxygen-lack or cyanide

1961 ◽  
Vol 154 (954) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Mitotic Arrest ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Number Of Cells

Excised pea-root tips were incubated in various conditions, in order to determine the effect upon mitosis. In air the mitotic index rapidly decreased, but in an atmosphere of oxygen-free nitrogen (containing less than 0·001% oxygen) mitotic figures persisted for up to 24 h. Counts of the total number of cells showed that the persistence of mitotic figures represented an arrest of mitosis by anaerobiosis, and not a continuation of cell division as had previously been surmized. The effects of oxygen-lack were simulated by 10 -2 M-sodium cyanide. Mitotic arrest persisted for only about 4 h if industrial nitrogen (containing about 0·05% oxygen) was used, or if 10 -3 M-cyanide was employed. The cells thus partially arrested slowly continued the normal course of mitosis, and did not merely revert directly to interphase. Similar results were obtained with different kinds of roots, and with intact seedlings. The results were in accordance with an hypothesis that all stages of cell division depend upon the presence of oxygen, but that the visible stages of mitosis are less dependent than is the stage of entering mitosis.

scholarly journals Role of Pea LTPs and Abscisic Acid in Salt-Stressed Roots

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Guzel R. Akhiyarova ◽  
Ekaterina I. Finkina ◽  
Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova ◽  
Dmitry S. Veselov ◽  
Guzel R. Kudoyarova
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Casparian Bands ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
Pea Roots

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of small, cationic proteins that bind and transfer lipids and play an important role in plant defense. However, their precise biological role in plants under adverse conditions including salinity and possible regulation by stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) remains unknown. In this work, we studied the localization of LTPs and ABA in the roots of pea plants using specific antibodies. Presence of LTPs was detected on the periphery of the cells mainly located in the phloem. Mild salt stress (50 mM NaCI) led to slowing plant growth and higher immunostaining for LTPs in the phloem. The deposition of suberin in Casparian bands located in the endoderma revealed with Sudan III was shown to be more intensive under salt stress and coincided with the increased LTP staining. All obtained data suggest possible functions of LTPs in pea roots. We assume that these proteins can participate in stress-induced pea root suberization or in transport of phloem lipid molecules. Salt stress increased ABA immunostaining in pea root cells but its localization was different from that of the LTPs. Thus, we failed to confirm the hypothesis regarding the direct influence of ABA on the level of LTPs in the salt-stressed root cells.

Ascorbic Acid and the Oxidative Processes in Pea Root Cell Wall Isolates: Characterization by Fluorescence and EPR Spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 1048 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONJA VELJOVIĆ-JOVANOVIĆ ◽  
BILJANA KUKAVICA ◽  
TIJANA CVETIĆ ◽  
MILOŠ MOJOVIĆ ◽  
ŽELJKO VUČINIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Epr Spectroscopy ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Root Cell Wall

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Cell Division in Some Local Potato Varieties Cultivated in Vitro on Micropropagation Medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Iustina Brînduşa Ciobanu ◽  
Dana Constantinovici ◽  
L. Creţu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige Skoog

Abstract This study was performed to reveal the changes in cell division, as a result of the prolonged period of subculture on micropropagation medium, of five local varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. maintained on in vitro collection at Suceava Genebank, Romania. For this purpose it was used the Murashige-Skoog medium (MS- 1962) with addition of 40 g/l sucrose, and 6 mg/l daminozide. The effect of prolonged period of subculture up to two and 12 months was expressed as mitotic index and frequency of cells with abnormal division. Mitotic index ranged from 20.1 to 22.1% after 12 days, between 15.5 - 17.7% after two months and between 17.7 - 19.2% after 12 months of subculture. The results obtained showed that the frequency of aberrant cells increased with the preservation time on the in vitro cultures and their accumulation rate depended on the genotype. Were identified interphases with micronuclei, metaphases with retarded chromosomes, ana-telophases with chromosomal bridges, retarded chromosomes and chromosomal fragments, but their percentage was low in all the genotypes.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model and Simulation for Nutrient-Plant Interaction Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byunghyun Ban
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Absorption Model ◽  
Membrane Flow ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Model And Simulation

Differential equation models to understand interaction between plant and nutrient solution are presented. The root cells selectively emit H+ ions with active transport consuming ATPs to establish electrical gradient along the cell membrane. It establishes electrical field with Nernst potential to make positively charged ions outside the cell membrane flow into the root cell. Anion influx is also modulated by H+ ion concentration because plant root cell absorbs negatively charged particles with symport. If an anion collides with H+ cell to make net charge as neutral, at symport channel, it can flow through. In this paper, mathematical models for cation and anion absorption are introduced. Cation absorption model was induced from Ohm's law combined with Goldman's equation. Anion absorption model is similar to chemical reaction rate model. Both models have physiological terms influenced by gene expression pattern, species or phenotypes. Cation model also includes terms for ion's kinetic and electrical properties, growth of plant and interaction between the root and the surroundings. Simulation for 20 different sets of coefficients showed that the physiology-related coefficient has important role on nutrition absorption tendencies of plants.

Solute is imported to elongating root cells of barley as a pressure driven-flow of solution

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Gould ◽  
Michael R. Thorpe ◽  
Peter E. H. Minchin ◽  
Jeremy Pritchard ◽  
Philip J. White
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
High K ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Pressure Driven Flow ◽  
Low K ◽  
Pressure Driven

This work relates solute import to elongating root cells in barley to the water relations of the symplastic pathway under conditions of varied plant K+ status. K+ is a major constituent of phloem sieve element (SE) sap, and as an osmoticum, it is believed to have a role in maintaining SE hydrostatic pressure and thus sap flow from source to sink tissue. The hypothesis that the solute import to elongating root cells is linked to pressure driven flow from the sieve tube is examined.Plants were grown in solutions containing either 0.05 mM (low K) or 2.05 mM (high K) K+ concentration. Solute import to the root elongation zone was estimated from biomass accumulation over time accounting for respiration and root elongation rate. SE sap K+ concentration was measured using X-ray microanalyses and osmotic pressure by picolitre osmometry. SE hydrostatic pressure was measured directly with a pressure probe glued onto an excised aphid stylet. Elongating root cell hydrostatic pressure was measured using a cell pressure probe.The low-K plants had lower SE K+ concentration and SE hydrostatic pressure compared to the high-K plants, but the elongating root cell hydrostatic pressure was similar in both treatments, thus the pressure difference between the SE and elongating root cells was less in the low-K plants compared to the high-K plants.The solute import rate to elongating root cells was lower in the low K plants and the reduction could be accounted for as a pressure driven solute flux, with a reduction both in the pressure difference between root sieve elements and elongating cells, and in the sap concentration.

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